---
_id: '60719'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\r\n
    \           <jats:p>Parkinson’s Disease (PD) bears a variety of sex differences
    and is associated with cardiovascular dysregulation (CDR). Variation in the routinely
    assessed standard parameters heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) seem not
    well understood within the frame of sex-specific developments under therapy. Parameters
    of heart rate variability (RMSSD) and electrodermal activity (meanEDA) may assist
    the understanding of underlying autonomic developments. This pilot study aims
    to describe sex-specific cardiovascular and autonomic responses to a multimodal
    inpatient rehabilitation program in patients with PD.</jats:p>\r\n          </jats:sec>\r\n
    \         <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\r\n            <jats:p>Forty-one
    PD patients (24 male, 17 female) participated in a stationary, multimodal therapy
    intervention (MTI). Before and after MTI, HR, BP, RMSSD, and meanEDA were assessed
    in supine baseline (5 min of rest before orthostasis) and during supine adaption
    to rest (5 min of rest after orthostasis). Differences between baseline and adaption
    to rest as well as differences over time of MTI were calculated using Wilcoxon
    test; sex differences using Mann–Whitney-U test.</jats:p>\r\n          </jats:sec>\r\n
    \         <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\r\n            <jats:p>Before
    MTI, women’s supine HR (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .034*; d = .17) and BP
    (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .015*, d = 0.4) were significantly higher during
    adaption to rest than during baseline. After MTI, women’s supine HR (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .020*;
    d = .84) and BP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .022*, d = 0.5) during adaption
    to rest had decreased significantly. Men’s HR and BP remained constant and without
    differences between the supine conditions. RMSSD and meanEDA remained steady in
    both sexes.</jats:p>\r\n          </jats:sec>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\r\n
    \           <jats:p>The sex-specific responsiveness to MTI supports the concept
    of sex-sensitive therapeutic management for cardiovascular symptoms in PD. In
    both sexes, peripheral cardiovascular outcomes appeared not attributable to corresponding
    outcomes in autonomic regulation. Further examination of autonomic parameters
    could provide a foundation for developing therapeutic approaches that address
    central nervous system mechanisms.</jats:p>\r\n            <jats:p>The study was
    officially registered (08/2020). The data supporting the findings of this study
    are available under <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"
    xlink:href=\"http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/</jats:ext-link>
    under trial number <jats:italic>DRKS00022773.</jats:italic>\r\n            </jats:p>\r\n
    \         </jats:sec>"
article_number: '253'
author:
- first_name: Franziska
  full_name: Siche-Pantel, Franziska
  last_name: Siche-Pantel
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Mühlenberg, Manfred
  last_name: Mühlenberg
- first_name: Rüdiger
  full_name: Buschfort, Rüdiger
  last_name: Buschfort
- first_name: Heinke
  full_name: Michels, Heinke
  last_name: Michels
- first_name: Rasmus
  full_name: Jakobsmeyer, Rasmus
  id: '9583'
  last_name: Jakobsmeyer
  orcid: 0000-0002-9385-0834
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Oesterschlink, Julian
  last_name: Oesterschlink
- first_name: Claus
  full_name: Reinsberger, Claus
  id: '48978'
  last_name: Reinsberger
citation:
  ama: 'Siche-Pantel F, Mühlenberg M, Buschfort R, et al. Sex-differences in autonomic
    and cardiovascular responses to multimodal therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot
    study. <i>BMC Neurology</i>. 2025;25(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7">10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7</a>'
  apa: 'Siche-Pantel, F., Mühlenberg, M., Buschfort, R., Michels, H., Jakobsmeyer,
    R., Oesterschlink, J., &#38; Reinsberger, C. (2025). Sex-differences in autonomic
    and cardiovascular responses to multimodal therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot
    study. <i>BMC Neurology</i>, <i>25</i>(1), Article 253. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Siche-Pantel_Mühlenberg_Buschfort_Michels_Jakobsmeyer_Oesterschlink_Reinsberger_2025,
    title={Sex-differences in autonomic and cardiovascular responses to multimodal
    therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study}, volume={25}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7">10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7</a>},
    number={1253}, journal={BMC Neurology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC}, author={Siche-Pantel, Franziska and Mühlenberg, Manfred and Buschfort,
    Rüdiger and Michels, Heinke and Jakobsmeyer, Rasmus and Oesterschlink, Julian
    and Reinsberger, Claus}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Siche-Pantel, Franziska, Manfred Mühlenberg, Rüdiger Buschfort, Heinke
    Michels, Rasmus Jakobsmeyer, Julian Oesterschlink, and Claus Reinsberger. “Sex-Differences
    in Autonomic and Cardiovascular Responses to Multimodal Therapy in Parkinson’s
    Disease: A Pilot Study.” <i>BMC Neurology</i> 25, no. 1 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Siche-Pantel <i>et al.</i>, “Sex-differences in autonomic and cardiovascular
    responses to multimodal therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study,” <i>BMC
    Neurology</i>, vol. 25, no. 1, Art. no. 253, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7">10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7</a>.'
  mla: 'Siche-Pantel, Franziska, et al. “Sex-Differences in Autonomic and Cardiovascular
    Responses to Multimodal Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study.” <i>BMC
    Neurology</i>, vol. 25, no. 1, 253, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7">10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7</a>.'
  short: F. Siche-Pantel, M. Mühlenberg, R. Buschfort, H. Michels, R. Jakobsmeyer,
    J. Oesterschlink, C. Reinsberger, BMC Neurology 25 (2025).
date_created: 2025-07-22T13:58:53Z
date_updated: 2025-08-28T13:40:16Z
department:
- _id: '176'
doi: 10.1186/s12883-025-04281-7
intvolume: '        25'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: BMC Neurology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1471-2377
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: 'Sex-differences in autonomic and cardiovascular responses to multimodal therapy
  in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study'
type: journal_article
user_id: '9583'
volume: 25
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '30119'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\r\n                <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\r\n
    \               <jats:p>Subjective Memory Complaints (SMC) in elderly people due
    to preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease may be associated with dysregulation of the
    Kynurenine Pathway (KP), with an increase in neurotoxic metabolites that affect
    cognition. Golf is a challenging sport with high demands on motor, sensory, and
    cognitive abilities, which might bear the potential to attenuate the pathological
    changes of preclinical AD. This trial investigated the feasibility of learning
    to play golf for elderly with cognitive problems and its effects on cognitive
    functions and the KP.</jats:p>\r\n              </jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n                <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\r\n
    \               <jats:p>In a 22-week single-blinded randomized controlled trial,
    elderly people with SMC were allocated to the golf (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 25,
    180 min training/week) or control group (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 21). Primary
    outcomes were feasibility (golf exam, adherence, adverse events) and general cognitive
    function (Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale). Secondary outcomes include specific
    cognitive functions (Response Inhibition, Corsi Block Tapping Test, Trail Making
    Test), KP metabolites and physical performance (6-Minute-Walk-Test). Baseline-adjusted
    Analysis-of-Covariance was conducted for each outcome.</jats:p>\r\n              </jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n
    \               <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\r\n                <jats:p>42
    participants were analyzed. All participants that underwent the golf exam after
    the intervention passed it (20/23). Attendance rate of the golf intervention was
    75 %. No adverse events or drop-outs related to the intervention occurred. A significant
    time*group interaction (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.012, F = 7.050, Cohen’s
    d = 0.89) was found for correct responses on the Response Inhibition task, but
    not for ADAS-Cog. Moreover, a significant time*group interaction for Quinolinic
    acid to Tryptophan ratios (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.022, F = 5.769, Cohen’s
    d = 0.84) in favor of the golf group was observed. An uncorrected negative correlation
    between attendance rate and delta Quinolinic acid to Kynurenic acid ratios in
    the golf group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.039, <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>=-0.443)
    was found as well.</jats:p>\r\n              </jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n                <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\r\n
    \               <jats:p>The findings indicate that learning golf is feasible and
    safe for elderly people with cognitive problems. Preliminary results suggest positive
    effects on attention and the KP. To explore the whole potential of golfing and
    its effect on cognitive decline, a larger cohort should be studied over a longer
    period with higher cardiovascular demands.</jats:p>\r\n              </jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n
    \               <jats:title>Trial registration</jats:title>\r\n                <jats:p>The
    trial was retrospectively registered (2nd July 2018) at the German Clinical Trials
    Register (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\"
    xlink:href=\"https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do\">DRKS00014921</jats:ext-link>).</jats:p>\r\n
    \             </jats:sec>"
article_number: '200'
author:
- first_name: Julia K.
  full_name: Stroehlein, Julia K.
  last_name: Stroehlein
- first_name: Solveig
  full_name: Vieluf, Solveig
  last_name: Vieluf
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Zimmer, Philipp
  last_name: Zimmer
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Schenk, Alexander
  last_name: Schenk
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Oberste, Max
  last_name: Oberste
- first_name: Christian Johannes
  full_name: Gölz, Christian Johannes
  id: '33725'
  last_name: Gölz
  orcid: 0000-0003-0536-1481
- first_name: Franziska
  full_name: van den Bongard, Franziska
  last_name: van den Bongard
- first_name: Claus
  full_name: Reinsberger, Claus
  id: '48978'
  last_name: Reinsberger
citation:
  ama: 'Stroehlein JK, Vieluf S, Zimmer P, et al. Learning to play golf for elderly
    people with subjective memory complaints: feasibility of a single‐blinded randomized
    pilot trial. <i>BMC Neurology</i>. 2021;21(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9">10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9</a>'
  apa: 'Stroehlein, J. K., Vieluf, S., Zimmer, P., Schenk, A., Oberste, M., Gölz,
    C. J., van den Bongard, F., &#38; Reinsberger, C. (2021). Learning to play golf
    for elderly people with subjective memory complaints: feasibility of a single‐blinded
    randomized pilot trial. <i>BMC Neurology</i>, <i>21</i>(1), Article 200. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Stroehlein_Vieluf_Zimmer_Schenk_Oberste_Gölz_van den Bongard_Reinsberger_2021,
    title={Learning to play golf for elderly people with subjective memory complaints:
    feasibility of a single‐blinded randomized pilot trial}, volume={21}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9">10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9</a>},
    number={1200}, journal={BMC Neurology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC}, author={Stroehlein, Julia K. and Vieluf, Solveig and Zimmer, Philipp
    and Schenk, Alexander and Oberste, Max and Gölz, Christian Johannes and van den
    Bongard, Franziska and Reinsberger, Claus}, year={2021} }'
  chicago: 'Stroehlein, Julia K., Solveig Vieluf, Philipp Zimmer, Alexander Schenk,
    Max Oberste, Christian Johannes Gölz, Franziska van den Bongard, and Claus Reinsberger.
    “Learning to Play Golf for Elderly People with Subjective Memory Complaints: Feasibility
    of a Single‐blinded Randomized Pilot Trial.” <i>BMC Neurology</i> 21, no. 1 (2021).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. K. Stroehlein <i>et al.</i>, “Learning to play golf for elderly people
    with subjective memory complaints: feasibility of a single‐blinded randomized
    pilot trial,” <i>BMC Neurology</i>, vol. 21, no. 1, Art. no. 200, 2021, doi: <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9">10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9</a>.'
  mla: 'Stroehlein, Julia K., et al. “Learning to Play Golf for Elderly People with
    Subjective Memory Complaints: Feasibility of a Single‐blinded Randomized Pilot
    Trial.” <i>BMC Neurology</i>, vol. 21, no. 1, 200, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9">10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9</a>.'
  short: J.K. Stroehlein, S. Vieluf, P. Zimmer, A. Schenk, M. Oberste, C.J. Gölz,
    F. van den Bongard, C. Reinsberger, BMC Neurology 21 (2021).
date_created: 2022-02-25T12:02:57Z
date_updated: 2023-02-06T09:30:38Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '17'
- _id: '176'
doi: 10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9
intvolume: '        21'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Clinical Neurology
- General Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
publication: BMC Neurology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1471-2377
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: 'Learning to play golf for elderly people with subjective memory complaints:
  feasibility of a single‐blinded randomized pilot trial'
type: journal_article
user_id: '33213'
volume: 21
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '60088'
article_number: '314'
author:
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Proschinger, Sebastian
  last_name: Proschinger
- first_name: Niklas
  full_name: Joisten, Niklas
  last_name: Joisten
- first_name: Annette
  full_name: Rademacher, Annette
  last_name: Rademacher
- first_name: Marit Lea
  full_name: Schlagheck, Marit Lea
  id: '117661'
  last_name: Schlagheck
  orcid: '0000-0002-8913-6080 '
- first_name: David
  full_name: Walzik, David
  last_name: Walzik
- first_name: Alan J.
  full_name: Metcalfe, Alan J.
  last_name: Metcalfe
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Oberste, Max
  last_name: Oberste
- first_name: Clemens
  full_name: Warnke, Clemens
  last_name: Warnke
- first_name: Wilhelm
  full_name: Bloch, Wilhelm
  last_name: Bloch
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Schenk, Alexander
  last_name: Schenk
- first_name: Jens
  full_name: Bansi, Jens
  last_name: Bansi
- first_name: Philipp
  full_name: Zimmer, Philipp
  last_name: Zimmer
citation:
  ama: Proschinger S, Joisten N, Rademacher A, et al. Influence of combined functional
    resistance and endurance exercise over 12 weeks on matrix metalloproteinase-2
    serum concentration in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis – a
    community-based randomized controlled trial. <i>BMC Neurology</i>. 2019;19(1).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7">10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7</a>
  apa: Proschinger, S., Joisten, N., Rademacher, A., Schlagheck, M. L., Walzik, D.,
    Metcalfe, A. J., Oberste, M., Warnke, C., Bloch, W., Schenk, A., Bansi, J., &#38;
    Zimmer, P. (2019). Influence of combined functional resistance and endurance exercise
    over 12 weeks on matrix metalloproteinase-2 serum concentration in persons with
    relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis – a community-based randomized controlled
    trial. <i>BMC Neurology</i>, <i>19</i>(1), Article 314. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Proschinger_Joisten_Rademacher_Schlagheck_Walzik_Metcalfe_Oberste_Warnke_Bloch_Schenk_et
    al._2019, title={Influence of combined functional resistance and endurance exercise
    over 12 weeks on matrix metalloproteinase-2 serum concentration in persons with
    relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis – a community-based randomized controlled
    trial}, volume={19}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7">10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7</a>},
    number={1314}, journal={BMC Neurology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC}, author={Proschinger, Sebastian and Joisten, Niklas and Rademacher,
    Annette and Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Walzik, David and Metcalfe, Alan J. and
    Oberste, Max and Warnke, Clemens and Bloch, Wilhelm and Schenk, Alexander and
    et al.}, year={2019} }'
  chicago: Proschinger, Sebastian, Niklas Joisten, Annette Rademacher, Marit Lea Schlagheck,
    David Walzik, Alan J. Metcalfe, Max Oberste, et al. “Influence of Combined Functional
    Resistance and Endurance Exercise over 12 Weeks on Matrix Metalloproteinase-2
    Serum Concentration in Persons with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis – a
    Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial.” <i>BMC Neurology</i> 19, no. 1 (2019).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7</a>.
  ieee: 'S. Proschinger <i>et al.</i>, “Influence of combined functional resistance
    and endurance exercise over 12 weeks on matrix metalloproteinase-2 serum concentration
    in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis – a community-based randomized
    controlled trial,” <i>BMC Neurology</i>, vol. 19, no. 1, Art. no. 314, 2019, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7">10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7</a>.'
  mla: Proschinger, Sebastian, et al. “Influence of Combined Functional Resistance
    and Endurance Exercise over 12 Weeks on Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Serum Concentration
    in Persons with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis – a Community-Based Randomized
    Controlled Trial.” <i>BMC Neurology</i>, vol. 19, no. 1, 314, Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC, 2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7">10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7</a>.
  short: S. Proschinger, N. Joisten, A. Rademacher, M.L. Schlagheck, D. Walzik, A.J.
    Metcalfe, M. Oberste, C. Warnke, W. Bloch, A. Schenk, J. Bansi, P. Zimmer, BMC
    Neurology 19 (2019).
date_created: 2025-06-02T09:39:20Z
date_updated: 2025-06-02T09:47:30Z
doi: 10.1186/s12883-019-1544-7
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        19'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: BMC Neurology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1471-2377
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Influence of combined functional resistance and endurance exercise over 12 weeks
  on matrix metalloproteinase-2 serum concentration in persons with relapsing-remitting
  multiple sclerosis – a community-based randomized controlled trial
type: journal_article
user_id: '117661'
volume: 19
year: '2019'
...