---
_id: '63531'
author:
- first_name: Siddharth
full_name: Doshi, Siddharth
last_name: Doshi
- first_name: Nicholas Alexander
full_name: Güsken, Nicholas Alexander
id: '112030'
last_name: Güsken
orcid: 0000-0002-4816-0666
- first_name: Gerwin
full_name: Dijk, Gerwin
last_name: Dijk
- first_name: Johan
full_name: Carlström, Johan
last_name: Carlström
- first_name: Jennifer E.
full_name: Ortiz-Cárdenas, Jennifer E.
last_name: Ortiz-Cárdenas
- first_name: Peter
full_name: Suzuki, Peter
last_name: Suzuki
- first_name: Bohan
full_name: Li, Bohan
last_name: Li
- first_name: Polly M.
full_name: Fordyce, Polly M.
last_name: Fordyce
- first_name: Alberto
full_name: Salleo, Alberto
last_name: Salleo
- first_name: Nicholas A.
full_name: Melosh, Nicholas A.
last_name: Melosh
- first_name: Mark L.
full_name: Brongersma, Mark L.
last_name: Brongersma
citation:
ama: Doshi S, Güsken NA, Dijk G, et al. Soft photonic skins with dynamic texture
and colour control. Nature. 2026;649(8096):345-352. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09948-2
apa: Doshi, S., Güsken, N. A., Dijk, G., Carlström, J., Ortiz-Cárdenas, J. E., Suzuki,
P., Li, B., Fordyce, P. M., Salleo, A., Melosh, N. A., & Brongersma, M. L.
(2026). Soft photonic skins with dynamic texture and colour control. Nature,
649(8096), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09948-2
bibtex: '@article{Doshi_Güsken_Dijk_Carlström_Ortiz-Cárdenas_Suzuki_Li_Fordyce_Salleo_Melosh_et
al._2026, title={Soft photonic skins with dynamic texture and colour control},
volume={649}, DOI={10.1038/s41586-025-09948-2},
number={8096}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
LLC}, author={Doshi, Siddharth and Güsken, Nicholas Alexander and Dijk, Gerwin
and Carlström, Johan and Ortiz-Cárdenas, Jennifer E. and Suzuki, Peter and Li,
Bohan and Fordyce, Polly M. and Salleo, Alberto and Melosh, Nicholas A. and et
al.}, year={2026}, pages={345–352} }'
chicago: 'Doshi, Siddharth, Nicholas Alexander Güsken, Gerwin Dijk, Johan Carlström,
Jennifer E. Ortiz-Cárdenas, Peter Suzuki, Bohan Li, et al. “Soft Photonic Skins
with Dynamic Texture and Colour Control.” Nature 649, no. 8096 (2026):
345–52. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09948-2.'
ieee: 'S. Doshi et al., “Soft photonic skins with dynamic texture and colour
control,” Nature, vol. 649, no. 8096, pp. 345–352, 2026, doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09948-2.'
mla: Doshi, Siddharth, et al. “Soft Photonic Skins with Dynamic Texture and Colour
Control.” Nature, vol. 649, no. 8096, Springer Science and Business Media
LLC, 2026, pp. 345–52, doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09948-2.
short: S. Doshi, N.A. Güsken, G. Dijk, J. Carlström, J.E. Ortiz-Cárdenas, P. Suzuki,
B. Li, P.M. Fordyce, A. Salleo, N.A. Melosh, M.L. Brongersma, Nature 649 (2026)
345–352.
date_created: 2026-01-08T12:55:30Z
date_updated: 2026-01-08T13:22:16Z
department:
- _id: '623'
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09948-2
intvolume: ' 649'
issue: '8096'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 345-352
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Soft photonic skins with dynamic texture and colour control
type: journal_article
user_id: '112030'
volume: 649
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66414'
author:
- first_name: Lorenzo Manuel
full_name: Procopio Peña, Lorenzo Manuel
id: '105816'
last_name: Procopio Peña
- first_name: Raul
full_name: Aguero-Santacruz, Raul
last_name: Aguero-Santacruz
- first_name: David
full_name: Bermudez, David
last_name: Bermudez
- first_name: Ulf
full_name: Leonhardt, Ulf
last_name: Leonhardt
citation:
ama: Procopio Peña LM, Aguero-Santacruz R, Bermudez D, Leonhardt U. Backreaction
of stimulated Hawking radiation in an optical analogue. Nature. 2026;655(8122):336-341.
doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3
apa: Procopio Peña, L. M., Aguero-Santacruz, R., Bermudez, D., & Leonhardt,
U. (2026). Backreaction of stimulated Hawking radiation in an optical analogue.
Nature, 655(8122), 336–341. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3
bibtex: '@article{Procopio Peña_Aguero-Santacruz_Bermudez_Leonhardt_2026, title={Backreaction
of stimulated Hawking radiation in an optical analogue}, volume={655}, DOI={10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3},
number={8122}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
LLC}, author={Procopio Peña, Lorenzo Manuel and Aguero-Santacruz, Raul and Bermudez,
David and Leonhardt, Ulf}, year={2026}, pages={336–341} }'
chicago: 'Procopio Peña, Lorenzo Manuel, Raul Aguero-Santacruz, David Bermudez,
and Ulf Leonhardt. “Backreaction of Stimulated Hawking Radiation in an Optical
Analogue.” Nature 655, no. 8122 (2026): 336–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3.'
ieee: 'L. M. Procopio Peña, R. Aguero-Santacruz, D. Bermudez, and U. Leonhardt,
“Backreaction of stimulated Hawking radiation in an optical analogue,” Nature,
vol. 655, no. 8122, pp. 336–341, 2026, doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3.'
mla: Procopio Peña, Lorenzo Manuel, et al. “Backreaction of Stimulated Hawking Radiation
in an Optical Analogue.” Nature, vol. 655, no. 8122, Springer Science and
Business Media LLC, 2026, pp. 336–41, doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3.
short: L.M. Procopio Peña, R. Aguero-Santacruz, D. Bermudez, U. Leonhardt, Nature
655 (2026) 336–341.
date_created: 2026-07-09T07:30:44Z
date_updated: 2026-07-09T07:31:49Z
doi: 10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3
intvolume: ' 655'
issue: '8122'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 336-341
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Backreaction of stimulated Hawking radiation in an optical analogue
type: journal_article
user_id: '105816'
volume: 655
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '59663'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Controlling the intensity of emitted light and charge current is the basis
of transferring and processing information1. By contrast, robust information storage
and magnetic random-access memories are implemented using the spin of the carrier
and the associated magnetization in ferromagnets2. The missing link between the
respective disciplines of photonics, electronics and spintronics is to modulate
the circular polarization of the emitted light, rather than its intensity, by
electrically controlled magnetization. Here we demonstrate that this missing link
is established at room temperature and zero applied magnetic field in light-emitting
diodes2,3,4,5,6,7, through the transfer of angular momentum between photons, electrons
and ferromagnets. With spin–orbit torque8,9,10,11, a charge current generates
also a spin current to electrically switch the magnetization. This switching determines
the spin orientation of injected carriers into semiconductors, in which the transfer
of angular momentum from the electron spin to photon controls the circular polarization
of the emitted light2. The spin–photon conversion with the nonvolatile control
of magnetization opens paths to seamlessly integrate information transfer, processing
and storage. Our results provide substantial advances towards electrically controlled
ultrafast modulation of circular polarization and spin injection with magnetization
dynamics for the next-generation information and communication technology12, including
space–light data transfer. The same operating principle in scaled-down structures
or using two-dimensional materials will enable transformative opportunities for
quantum information processing with spin-controlled single-photon sources, as
well as for implementing spin-dependent time-resolved spectroscopies.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Pambiang Abel
full_name: Dainone, Pambiang Abel
last_name: Dainone
- first_name: Nicholas Figueiredo
full_name: Prestes, Nicholas Figueiredo
last_name: Prestes
- first_name: Pierre
full_name: Renucci, Pierre
last_name: Renucci
- first_name: Alexandre
full_name: Bouché, Alexandre
last_name: Bouché
- first_name: Martina
full_name: Morassi, Martina
last_name: Morassi
- first_name: Xavier
full_name: Devaux, Xavier
last_name: Devaux
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Jean-Marie
full_name: George, Jean-Marie
last_name: George
- first_name: Henri
full_name: Jaffrès, Henri
last_name: Jaffrès
- first_name: Aristide
full_name: Lemaitre, Aristide
last_name: Lemaitre
- first_name: Bo
full_name: Xu, Bo
last_name: Xu
- first_name: Mathieu
full_name: Stoffel, Mathieu
last_name: Stoffel
- first_name: Tongxin
full_name: Chen, Tongxin
last_name: Chen
- first_name: Laurent
full_name: Lombez, Laurent
last_name: Lombez
- first_name: Delphine
full_name: Lagarde, Delphine
last_name: Lagarde
- first_name: Guangwei
full_name: Cong, Guangwei
last_name: Cong
- first_name: Tianyi
full_name: Ma, Tianyi
last_name: Ma
- first_name: Philippe
full_name: Pigeat, Philippe
last_name: Pigeat
- first_name: Michel
full_name: Vergnat, Michel
last_name: Vergnat
- first_name: Hervé
full_name: Rinnert, Hervé
last_name: Rinnert
- first_name: Xavier
full_name: Marie, Xavier
last_name: Marie
- first_name: Xiufeng
full_name: Han, Xiufeng
last_name: Han
- first_name: Stephane
full_name: Mangin, Stephane
last_name: Mangin
- first_name: Juan-Carlos
full_name: Rojas-Sánchez, Juan-Carlos
last_name: Rojas-Sánchez
- first_name: Jian-Ping
full_name: Wang, Jian-Ping
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Matthew C.
full_name: Beard, Matthew C.
last_name: Beard
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Žutić, Igor
last_name: Žutić
- first_name: Yuan
full_name: Lu, Yuan
last_name: Lu
citation:
ama: Dainone PA, Prestes NF, Renucci P, et al. Controlling the helicity of light
by electrical magnetization switching. Nature. 2024;627(8005):783-788.
doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5
apa: Dainone, P. A., Prestes, N. F., Renucci, P., Bouché, A., Morassi, M., Devaux,
X., Lindemann, M., George, J.-M., Jaffrès, H., Lemaitre, A., Xu, B., Stoffel,
M., Chen, T., Lombez, L., Lagarde, D., Cong, G., Ma, T., Pigeat, P., Vergnat,
M., … Lu, Y. (2024). Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization
switching. Nature, 627(8005), 783–788. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5
bibtex: '@article{Dainone_Prestes_Renucci_Bouché_Morassi_Devaux_Lindemann_George_Jaffrès_Lemaitre_et
al._2024, title={Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization
switching}, volume={627}, DOI={10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5},
number={8005}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
LLC}, author={Dainone, Pambiang Abel and Prestes, Nicholas Figueiredo and Renucci,
Pierre and Bouché, Alexandre and Morassi, Martina and Devaux, Xavier and Lindemann,
Markus and George, Jean-Marie and Jaffrès, Henri and Lemaitre, Aristide and et
al.}, year={2024}, pages={783–788} }'
chicago: 'Dainone, Pambiang Abel, Nicholas Figueiredo Prestes, Pierre Renucci, Alexandre
Bouché, Martina Morassi, Xavier Devaux, Markus Lindemann, et al. “Controlling
the Helicity of Light by Electrical Magnetization Switching.” Nature 627,
no. 8005 (2024): 783–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.'
ieee: 'P. A. Dainone et al., “Controlling the helicity of light by electrical
magnetization switching,” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, pp. 783–788, 2024,
doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.'
mla: Dainone, Pambiang Abel, et al. “Controlling the Helicity of Light by Electrical
Magnetization Switching.” Nature, vol. 627, no. 8005, Springer Science
and Business Media LLC, 2024, pp. 783–88, doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5.
short: P.A. Dainone, N.F. Prestes, P. Renucci, A. Bouché, M. Morassi, X. Devaux,
M. Lindemann, J.-M. George, H. Jaffrès, A. Lemaitre, B. Xu, M. Stoffel, T. Chen,
L. Lombez, D. Lagarde, G. Cong, T. Ma, P. Pigeat, M. Vergnat, H. Rinnert, X. Marie,
X. Han, S. Mangin, J.-C. Rojas-Sánchez, J.-P. Wang, M.C. Beard, N.C. Gerhardt,
I. Žutić, Y. Lu, Nature 627 (2024) 783–788.
date_created: 2025-04-23T13:27:27Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T14:10:20Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07125-5
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 627'
issue: '8005'
keyword:
- Lasers
- LEDs and light sources
- Spintronics
language:
- iso: eng
page: 783-788
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 627
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '59687'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Lasers have both ubiquitous applications and roles as model systems in which
non-equilibrium and cooperative phenomena can be elucidated1. The introduction
of novel concepts in laser operation thus has potential to lead to both new applications
and fundamental insights2. Spintronics3, in which both the spin and the charge
of the electron are used, has led to the development of spin-lasers, in which
charge-carrier spin and photon spin are exploited. Here we show experimentally
that the coupling between carrier spin and light polarization in common semiconductor
lasers can enable room-temperature modulation frequencies above 200 gigahertz,
exceeding by nearly an order of magnitude the best conventional semiconductor
lasers. Surprisingly, this ultrafast operation of the resultant spin-laser relies
on a short carrier spin relaxation time and a large anisotropy of the refractive
index, both of which are commonly viewed as detrimental in spintronics3 and conventional
lasers4. Our results overcome the key speed limitations of conventional directly
modulated lasers and offer a prospect for the next generation of low-energy ultrafast
optical communication.
author:
- first_name: Markus
full_name: Lindemann, Markus
last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: Gaofeng
full_name: Xu, Gaofeng
last_name: Xu
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Pusch, Tobias
last_name: Pusch
- first_name: Rainer
full_name: Michalzik, Rainer
last_name: Michalzik
- first_name: Martin R.
full_name: Hofmann, Martin R.
last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Igor
full_name: Žutić, Igor
last_name: Žutić
- first_name: Nils Christopher
full_name: Gerhardt, Nils Christopher
id: '115298'
last_name: Gerhardt
orcid: 0009-0002-5538-231X
citation:
ama: Lindemann M, Xu G, Pusch T, et al. Ultrafast spin-lasers. Nature. 2019;568(7751):212-215.
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y
apa: Lindemann, M., Xu, G., Pusch, T., Michalzik, R., Hofmann, M. R., Žutić, I.,
& Gerhardt, N. C. (2019). Ultrafast spin-lasers. Nature, 568(7751),
212–215. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y
bibtex: '@article{Lindemann_Xu_Pusch_Michalzik_Hofmann_Žutić_Gerhardt_2019, title={Ultrafast
spin-lasers}, volume={568}, DOI={10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y},
number={7751}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media
LLC}, author={Lindemann, Markus and Xu, Gaofeng and Pusch, Tobias and Michalzik,
Rainer and Hofmann, Martin R. and Žutić, Igor and Gerhardt, Nils Christopher},
year={2019}, pages={212–215} }'
chicago: 'Lindemann, Markus, Gaofeng Xu, Tobias Pusch, Rainer Michalzik, Martin
R. Hofmann, Igor Žutić, and Nils Christopher Gerhardt. “Ultrafast Spin-Lasers.”
Nature 568, no. 7751 (2019): 212–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y.'
ieee: 'M. Lindemann et al., “Ultrafast spin-lasers,” Nature, vol.
568, no. 7751, pp. 212–215, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y.'
mla: Lindemann, Markus, et al. “Ultrafast Spin-Lasers.” Nature, vol. 568,
no. 7751, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019, pp. 212–15, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y.
short: M. Lindemann, G. Xu, T. Pusch, R. Michalzik, M.R. Hofmann, I. Žutić, N.C.
Gerhardt, Nature 568 (2019) 212–215.
date_created: 2025-04-25T07:21:34Z
date_updated: 2026-02-25T14:09:49Z
department:
- _id: '977'
doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1073-y
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 568'
issue: '7751'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 212-215
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Ultrafast spin-lasers
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 568
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '13419'
author:
- first_name: T.
full_name: Frigge, T.
last_name: Frigge
- first_name: B.
full_name: Hafke, B.
last_name: Hafke
- first_name: T.
full_name: Witte, T.
last_name: Witte
- first_name: B.
full_name: Krenzer, B.
last_name: Krenzer
- first_name: C.
full_name: Streubühr, C.
last_name: Streubühr
- first_name: A.
full_name: Samad Syed, A.
last_name: Samad Syed
- first_name: V.
full_name: Mikšić Trontl, V.
last_name: Mikšić Trontl
- first_name: I.
full_name: Avigo, I.
last_name: Avigo
- first_name: P.
full_name: Zhou, P.
last_name: Zhou
- first_name: M.
full_name: Ligges, M.
last_name: Ligges
- first_name: D.
full_name: von der Linde, D.
last_name: von der Linde
- first_name: U.
full_name: Bovensiepen, U.
last_name: Bovensiepen
- first_name: M.
full_name: Horn-von Hoegen, M.
last_name: Horn-von Hoegen
- first_name: S.
full_name: Wippermann, S.
last_name: Wippermann
- first_name: A.
full_name: Lücke, A.
last_name: Lücke
- first_name: S.
full_name: Sanna, S.
last_name: Sanna
- first_name: Uwe
full_name: Gerstmann, Uwe
id: '171'
last_name: Gerstmann
orcid: 0000-0002-4476-223X
- first_name: Wolf Gero
full_name: Schmidt, Wolf Gero
id: '468'
last_name: Schmidt
orcid: 0000-0002-2717-5076
citation:
ama: Frigge T, Hafke B, Witte T, et al. Optically excited structural transition
in atomic wires on surfaces at the quantum limit. Nature. 2017;544:207-211.
doi:10.1038/nature21432
apa: Frigge, T., Hafke, B., Witte, T., Krenzer, B., Streubühr, C., Samad Syed, A.,
Mikšić Trontl, V., Avigo, I., Zhou, P., Ligges, M., von der Linde, D., Bovensiepen,
U., Horn-von Hoegen, M., Wippermann, S., Lücke, A., Sanna, S., Gerstmann, U.,
& Schmidt, W. G. (2017). Optically excited structural transition in atomic
wires on surfaces at the quantum limit. Nature, 544, 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21432
bibtex: '@article{Frigge_Hafke_Witte_Krenzer_Streubühr_Samad Syed_Mikšić Trontl_Avigo_Zhou_Ligges_et
al._2017, title={Optically excited structural transition in atomic wires on surfaces
at the quantum limit}, volume={544}, DOI={10.1038/nature21432},
journal={Nature}, author={Frigge, T. and Hafke, B. and Witte, T. and Krenzer,
B. and Streubühr, C. and Samad Syed, A. and Mikšić Trontl, V. and Avigo, I. and
Zhou, P. and Ligges, M. and et al.}, year={2017}, pages={207–211} }'
chicago: 'Frigge, T., B. Hafke, T. Witte, B. Krenzer, C. Streubühr, A. Samad Syed,
V. Mikšić Trontl, et al. “Optically Excited Structural Transition in Atomic Wires
on Surfaces at the Quantum Limit.” Nature 544 (2017): 207–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21432.'
ieee: 'T. Frigge et al., “Optically excited structural transition in atomic
wires on surfaces at the quantum limit,” Nature, vol. 544, pp. 207–211,
2017, doi: 10.1038/nature21432.'
mla: Frigge, T., et al. “Optically Excited Structural Transition in Atomic Wires
on Surfaces at the Quantum Limit.” Nature, vol. 544, 2017, pp. 207–11,
doi:10.1038/nature21432.
short: T. Frigge, B. Hafke, T. Witte, B. Krenzer, C. Streubühr, A. Samad Syed, V.
Mikšić Trontl, I. Avigo, P. Zhou, M. Ligges, D. von der Linde, U. Bovensiepen,
M. Horn-von Hoegen, S. Wippermann, A. Lücke, S. Sanna, U. Gerstmann, W.G. Schmidt,
Nature 544 (2017) 207–211.
date_created: 2019-09-20T12:01:03Z
date_updated: 2025-12-05T10:12:52Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '295'
- _id: '35'
- _id: '790'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '27'
doi: 10.1038/nature21432
funded_apc: '1'
intvolume: ' 544'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 207-211
project:
- _id: '52'
name: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Optically excited structural transition in atomic wires on surfaces at the
quantum limit
type: journal_article
user_id: '16199'
volume: 544
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '1725'
author:
- first_name: Ming
full_name: Liu, Ming
last_name: Liu
- first_name: Xiaobo
full_name: Yin, Xiaobo
last_name: Yin
- first_name: Erick
full_name: Ulin-Avila, Erick
last_name: Ulin-Avila
- first_name: Baisong
full_name: Geng, Baisong
last_name: Geng
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
id: '30525'
last_name: Zentgraf
orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
- first_name: Long
full_name: Ju, Long
last_name: Ju
- first_name: Feng
full_name: Wang, Feng
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Xiang
full_name: Zhang, Xiang
last_name: Zhang
citation:
ama: Liu M, Yin X, Ulin-Avila E, et al. A graphene-based broadband optical modulator.
Nature. 2011;474(7349):64-67. doi:10.1038/nature10067
apa: Liu, M., Yin, X., Ulin-Avila, E., Geng, B., Zentgraf, T., Ju, L., … Zhang,
X. (2011). A graphene-based broadband optical modulator. Nature, 474(7349),
64–67. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10067
bibtex: '@article{Liu_Yin_Ulin-Avila_Geng_Zentgraf_Ju_Wang_Zhang_2011, title={A
graphene-based broadband optical modulator}, volume={474}, DOI={10.1038/nature10067},
number={7349}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Liu, Ming
and Yin, Xiaobo and Ulin-Avila, Erick and Geng, Baisong and Zentgraf, Thomas and
Ju, Long and Wang, Feng and Zhang, Xiang}, year={2011}, pages={64–67} }'
chicago: 'Liu, Ming, Xiaobo Yin, Erick Ulin-Avila, Baisong Geng, Thomas Zentgraf,
Long Ju, Feng Wang, and Xiang Zhang. “A Graphene-Based Broadband Optical Modulator.”
Nature 474, no. 7349 (2011): 64–67. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10067.'
ieee: M. Liu et al., “A graphene-based broadband optical modulator,” Nature,
vol. 474, no. 7349, pp. 64–67, 2011.
mla: Liu, Ming, et al. “A Graphene-Based Broadband Optical Modulator.” Nature,
vol. 474, no. 7349, Springer Nature, 2011, pp. 64–67, doi:10.1038/nature10067.
short: M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, X. Zhang,
Nature 474 (2011) 64–67.
date_created: 2018-03-23T12:27:21Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:53:07Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1038/nature10067
intvolume: ' 474'
issue: '7349'
page: 64-67
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
status: public
title: A graphene-based broadband optical modulator
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 474
year: '2011'
...
---
_id: '1735'
author:
- first_name: Rupert F.
full_name: Oulton, Rupert F.
last_name: Oulton
- first_name: Volker J.
full_name: Sorger, Volker J.
last_name: Sorger
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
id: '30525'
last_name: Zentgraf
orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
- first_name: Ren-Min
full_name: Ma, Ren-Min
last_name: Ma
- first_name: Christopher
full_name: Gladden, Christopher
last_name: Gladden
- first_name: Lun
full_name: Dai, Lun
last_name: Dai
- first_name: Guy
full_name: Bartal, Guy
last_name: Bartal
- first_name: Xiang
full_name: Zhang, Xiang
last_name: Zhang
citation:
ama: Oulton RF, Sorger VJ, Zentgraf T, et al. Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength
scale. Nature. 2009;461(7264):629-632. doi:10.1038/nature08364
apa: Oulton, R. F., Sorger, V. J., Zentgraf, T., Ma, R.-M., Gladden, C., Dai, L.,
… Zhang, X. (2009). Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale. Nature,
461(7264), 629–632. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08364
bibtex: '@article{Oulton_Sorger_Zentgraf_Ma_Gladden_Dai_Bartal_Zhang_2009, title={Plasmon
lasers at deep subwavelength scale}, volume={461}, DOI={10.1038/nature08364},
number={7264}, journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Oulton,
Rupert F. and Sorger, Volker J. and Zentgraf, Thomas and Ma, Ren-Min and Gladden,
Christopher and Dai, Lun and Bartal, Guy and Zhang, Xiang}, year={2009}, pages={629–632}
}'
chicago: 'Oulton, Rupert F., Volker J. Sorger, Thomas Zentgraf, Ren-Min Ma, Christopher
Gladden, Lun Dai, Guy Bartal, and Xiang Zhang. “Plasmon Lasers at Deep Subwavelength
Scale.” Nature 461, no. 7264 (2009): 629–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08364.'
ieee: R. F. Oulton et al., “Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale,”
Nature, vol. 461, no. 7264, pp. 629–632, 2009.
mla: Oulton, Rupert F., et al. “Plasmon Lasers at Deep Subwavelength Scale.” Nature,
vol. 461, no. 7264, Springer Nature, 2009, pp. 629–32, doi:10.1038/nature08364.
short: R.F. Oulton, V.J. Sorger, T. Zentgraf, R.-M. Ma, C. Gladden, L. Dai, G. Bartal,
X. Zhang, Nature 461 (2009) 629–632.
date_created: 2018-03-23T12:35:58Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:53:08Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1038/nature08364
intvolume: ' 461'
issue: '7264'
page: 629-632
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
status: public
title: Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 461
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '1738'
author:
- first_name: Jason
full_name: Valentine, Jason
last_name: Valentine
- first_name: Shuang
full_name: Zhang, Shuang
last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
id: '30525'
last_name: Zentgraf
orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
- first_name: Erick
full_name: Ulin-Avila, Erick
last_name: Ulin-Avila
- first_name: Dentcho A.
full_name: Genov, Dentcho A.
last_name: Genov
- first_name: Guy
full_name: Bartal, Guy
last_name: Bartal
- first_name: Xiang
full_name: Zhang, Xiang
last_name: Zhang
citation:
ama: Valentine J, Zhang S, Zentgraf T, et al. Three-dimensional optical metamaterial
with a negative refractive index. Nature. 2008;455(7211):376-379. doi:10.1038/nature07247
apa: Valentine, J., Zhang, S., Zentgraf, T., Ulin-Avila, E., Genov, D. A., Bartal,
G., & Zhang, X. (2008). Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative
refractive index. Nature, 455(7211), 376–379. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07247
bibtex: '@article{Valentine_Zhang_Zentgraf_Ulin-Avila_Genov_Bartal_Zhang_2008, title={Three-dimensional
optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index}, volume={455}, DOI={10.1038/nature07247}, number={7211},
journal={Nature}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Valentine, Jason and Zhang,
Shuang and Zentgraf, Thomas and Ulin-Avila, Erick and Genov, Dentcho A. and Bartal,
Guy and Zhang, Xiang}, year={2008}, pages={376–379} }'
chicago: 'Valentine, Jason, Shuang Zhang, Thomas Zentgraf, Erick Ulin-Avila, Dentcho
A. Genov, Guy Bartal, and Xiang Zhang. “Three-Dimensional Optical Metamaterial
with a Negative Refractive Index.” Nature 455, no. 7211 (2008): 376–79.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07247.'
ieee: J. Valentine et al., “Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a
negative refractive index,” Nature, vol. 455, no. 7211, pp. 376–379, 2008.
mla: Valentine, Jason, et al. “Three-Dimensional Optical Metamaterial with a Negative
Refractive Index.” Nature, vol. 455, no. 7211, Springer Nature, 2008, pp.
376–79, doi:10.1038/nature07247.
short: J. Valentine, S. Zhang, T. Zentgraf, E. Ulin-Avila, D.A. Genov, G. Bartal,
X. Zhang, Nature 455 (2008) 376–379.
date_created: 2018-03-23T12:37:40Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:53:10Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1038/nature07247
intvolume: ' 455'
issue: '7211'
page: 376-379
publication: Nature
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0028-0836
- 1476-4687
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
status: public
title: Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 455
year: '2008'
...