---
_id: '2727'
author:
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Gries, Thomas
  id: '186'
  last_name: Gries
- first_name: Margarete
  full_name: Redlin, Margarete
  id: '135'
  last_name: Redlin
citation:
  ama: 'Gries T, Redlin M. Pirates – The Young and the Jobless: The Effect of Youth
    Bulges and Youth Labor Market Integration on Maritime Piracy. <i>Defence and Peace
    Economics</i>. 2019;30(3):309-323. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797">10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797</a>'
  apa: 'Gries, T., &#38; Redlin, M. (2019). Pirates – The Young and the Jobless: The
    Effect of Youth Bulges and Youth Labor Market Integration on Maritime Piracy.
    <i>Defence and Peace Economics</i>, <i>30</i>(3), 309–323. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797">https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Gries_Redlin_2019, title={Pirates – The Young and the Jobless:
    The Effect of Youth Bulges and Youth Labor Market Integration on Maritime Piracy},
    volume={30}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797">10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797</a>},
    number={3}, journal={Defence and Peace Economics}, publisher={Informa UK Limited},
    author={Gries, Thomas and Redlin, Margarete}, year={2019}, pages={309–323} }'
  chicago: 'Gries, Thomas, and Margarete Redlin. “Pirates – The Young and the Jobless:
    The Effect of Youth Bulges and Youth Labor Market Integration on Maritime Piracy.”
    <i>Defence and Peace Economics</i> 30, no. 3 (2019): 309–23. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797">https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. Gries and M. Redlin, “Pirates – The Young and the Jobless: The Effect
    of Youth Bulges and Youth Labor Market Integration on Maritime Piracy,” <i>Defence
    and Peace Economics</i>, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 309–323, 2019, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797">10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797</a>.'
  mla: 'Gries, Thomas, and Margarete Redlin. “Pirates – The Young and the Jobless:
    The Effect of Youth Bulges and Youth Labor Market Integration on Maritime Piracy.”
    <i>Defence and Peace Economics</i>, vol. 30, no. 3, Informa UK Limited, 2019,
    pp. 309–23, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797">10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797</a>.'
  short: T. Gries, M. Redlin, Defence and Peace Economics 30 (2019) 309–323.
date_created: 2018-05-11T10:11:46Z
date_updated: 2025-11-10T09:39:02Z
department:
- _id: '475'
- _id: '200'
- _id: '202'
doi: 10.1080/10242694.2017.1333797
intvolume: '        30'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 309-323
publication: Defence and Peace Economics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1024-2694
  - 1476-8267
publication_status: published
publisher: Informa UK Limited
status: public
title: 'Pirates – The Young and the Jobless: The Effect of Youth Bulges and Youth
  Labor Market Integration on Maritime Piracy'
type: journal_article
user_id: '186'
volume: 30
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '1923'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: How is collective defence by players affected when they face a threat from
    an intelligent attacker rather than a natural threat? This paper analyses this
    question using a game-theoretic model. Facing an intelligent attacker has an effect
    if players move first and visibly set their defence strategies, thereby exposing
    any players who do not defend, and if the attacker is, moreover, not able to commit
    to a random attack. Depending on the parameters of the game, the presence of an
    intelligent attacker either increases the probability that players jointly defend
    (where such joint defence either does or does not constitute a utilitarian optimum),
    or decreases the probability that players jointly defend (even though joint defence
    is a utilitarian optimum).
author:
- first_name: Kris
  full_name: De Jaegher, Kris
  last_name: De Jaegher
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Hoyer, Britta
  id: '42447'
  last_name: Hoyer
citation:
  ama: De Jaegher K, Hoyer B. Collective action and the common enemy effect. <i>Defence
    and Peace Economics</i>. 2014;27(5):644-664. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2014.925676">10.1080/10242694.2014.925676</a>
  apa: De Jaegher, K., &#38; Hoyer, B. (2014). Collective action and the common enemy
    effect. <i>Defence and Peace Economics</i>, <i>27</i>(5), 644–664. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2014.925676">https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2014.925676</a>
  bibtex: '@article{De Jaegher_Hoyer_2014, title={Collective action and the common
    enemy effect}, volume={27}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2014.925676">10.1080/10242694.2014.925676</a>},
    number={5}, journal={Defence and Peace Economics}, publisher={Informa UK Limited},
    author={De Jaegher, Kris and Hoyer, Britta}, year={2014}, pages={644–664} }'
  chicago: 'De Jaegher, Kris, and Britta Hoyer. “Collective Action and the Common
    Enemy Effect.” <i>Defence and Peace Economics</i> 27, no. 5 (2014): 644–64. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2014.925676">https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2014.925676</a>.'
  ieee: K. De Jaegher and B. Hoyer, “Collective action and the common enemy effect,”
    <i>Defence and Peace Economics</i>, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 644–664, 2014.
  mla: De Jaegher, Kris, and Britta Hoyer. “Collective Action and the Common Enemy
    Effect.” <i>Defence and Peace Economics</i>, vol. 27, no. 5, Informa UK Limited,
    2014, pp. 644–64, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2014.925676">10.1080/10242694.2014.925676</a>.
  short: K. De Jaegher, B. Hoyer, Defence and Peace Economics 27 (2014) 644–664.
date_created: 2018-03-28T11:43:04Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:54:00Z
department:
- _id: '280'
- _id: '475'
doi: 10.1080/10242694.2014.925676
intvolume: '        27'
issue: '5'
page: 644-664
publication: Defence and Peace Economics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1024-2694
  - 1476-8267
publication_status: published
publisher: Informa UK Limited
status: public
title: Collective action and the common enemy effect
type: journal_article
user_id: '42447'
volume: 27
year: '2014'
...