---
_id: '7354'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Acceptance testing is a time-consuming task for complex software systems
    that have to fulfill a large number of requirements. To reduce this effort, we
    have developed a widely automated method for deriving test plans from requirements
    that are expressed in natural language. It consists of three stages: annotation,
    clustering, and test plan specification. The general idea is to exploit redundancies
    and implicit relationships in requirements specifications. Multi-viewpoint techniques
    based on RM-ODP (Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing) are employed
    for specifying the requirements. We then use linguistic analysis techniques, requirements
    clustering algorithms, and pattern-based requirements collection to reduce the
    total effort of testing against the requirements specification. In particular,
    we use linguistic analysis for extracting and annotating the actor, process and
    object of a requirements statement. During clustering, a similarity function is
    computed as a measure for the overlap of requirements. In the test plan specification
    stage, our approach provides capabilities for semi-automatically deriving test
    plans and acceptance criteria from the clustered informal textual requirements.
    Two patterns are applied to compute a suitable order of test activities. The generated
    test plans consist of a sequence of test steps and asserts that are executed or
    checked in the given order. We also present the supporting prototype tool TORC,
    which is available open source. For the evaluation of the approach, we have conducted
    a case study in the field of acceptance testing of a national electronic identification
    system. In summary, we report on lessons learned how linguistic analysis and clustering
    techniques can help testers in understanding the relations between requirements
    and for improving test planning.'
author:
- first_name: Baris
  full_name: Güldali, Baris
  last_name: Güldali
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Funke, Holger
  last_name: Funke
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Sauer, Stefan
  id: '447'
  last_name: Sauer
- first_name: Gregor
  full_name: Engels, Gregor
  id: '107'
  last_name: Engels
citation:
  ama: 'Güldali B, Funke H, Sauer S, Engels G. TORC: test plan optimization by requirements
    clustering. <i>Software Quality Journal</i>. 2011;19(4):771-799. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4">10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4</a>'
  apa: 'Güldali, B., Funke, H., Sauer, S., &#38; Engels, G. (2011). TORC: test plan
    optimization by requirements clustering. <i>Software Quality Journal</i>, <i>19</i>(4),
    771–799. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Güldali_Funke_Sauer_Engels_2011, title={TORC: test plan optimization
    by requirements clustering}, volume={19}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4">10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4</a>},
    number={4}, journal={Software Quality Journal}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Güldali,
    Baris and Funke, Holger and Sauer, Stefan and Engels, Gregor}, year={2011}, pages={771–799}
    }'
  chicago: 'Güldali, Baris, Holger Funke, Stefan Sauer, and Gregor Engels. “TORC:
    Test Plan Optimization by Requirements Clustering.” <i>Software Quality Journal</i>
    19, no. 4 (2011): 771–99. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Güldali, H. Funke, S. Sauer, and G. Engels, “TORC: test plan optimization
    by requirements clustering,” <i>Software Quality Journal</i>, vol. 19, no. 4,
    pp. 771–799, 2011.'
  mla: 'Güldali, Baris, et al. “TORC: Test Plan Optimization by Requirements Clustering.”
    <i>Software Quality Journal</i>, vol. 19, no. 4, Springer Nature, 2011, pp. 771–99,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4">10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4</a>.'
  short: B. Güldali, H. Funke, S. Sauer, G. Engels, Software Quality Journal 19 (2011)
    771–799.
date_created: 2019-01-31T13:00:53Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:03:35Z
department:
- _id: '66'
doi: 10.1007/s11219-011-9149-4
intvolume: '        19'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 771-799
publication: Software Quality Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0963-9314
  - 1573-1367
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
status: public
title: 'TORC: test plan optimization by requirements clustering'
type: journal_article
user_id: '52534'
volume: 19
year: '2011'
...