@article{65545, abstract = {{ABSTRACT Ligation of staple strands in DNA origami nanostructures (DONs) can yield enhanced structural stability in critical environments. This process can be viewed as performing hundreds of parallel reactions programmed on a self‐assembled nanoscale platform. While previous studies have focused on investigating the collective results of the chemical or enzymatic ligation reactions, herein, the global quantitative analysis of individual ligation reactions is achieved using quantitative PCR (qPCR). By mapping enzymatic ligation efficiency on a trapezoidal substructure representing one‐third of a triangular DON, ligation is shown to preferentially occur at the trapezoid edges rather than at inner sites. Excellent agreement between the experimental ligation yields and docking simulations suggests that this is a result of variations in the ligase docking probability. Ligation products involving more than two consecutive sequences can be generated with each enzyme‐catalyzed reaction as an independent event. Interestingly, the sharp contrast between the edges vs. the inner sites has been abolished by changing the reaction conditions and performing the ligation in a DMSO co‐solvent system. This analytic method provides unprecedented insight into the multiple ligation reactions occurring in parallel within complex DONs and will be an invaluable tool in the translation of DONs from the lab to real‐world applications.}}, author = {{Hacker, Konrad and Juricke, Emilia and Münch, Carolin and Suma, Antonio and Keller, Adrian Clemens and Zhang, Yixin}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Global Quantitative Analysis of Ligation Reactions in Self‐Assembled DNA Nanostructures at the Single‐Nick Level}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.202508136}}, year = {{2026}}, } @article{54317, abstract = {{AbstractMost properties of solid materials are defined by their internal electric field and charge density distributions which so far are difficult to measure with high spatial resolution. Especially for 2D materials, the atomic electric fields influence the optoelectronic properties. In this study, the atomic‐scale electric field and charge density distribution of WSe2 bi‐ and trilayers are revealed using an emerging microscopy technique, differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). For pristine material, a higher positive charge density located at the selenium atomic columns compared to the tungsten atomic columns is obtained and tentatively explained by a coherent scattering effect. Furthermore, the change in the electric field distribution induced by a missing selenium atomic column is investigated. A characteristic electric field distribution in the vicinity of the defect with locally reduced magnitudes compared to the pristine lattice is observed. This effect is accompanied by a considerable inward relaxation of the surrounding lattice, which according to first principles DFT calculation is fully compatible with a missing column of Se atoms. This shows that DPC imaging, as an electric field sensitive technique, provides additional and remarkable information to the otherwise only structural analysis obtained with conventional STEM imaging.}}, author = {{Groll, Maja and Bürger, Julius and Caltzidis, Ioannis and Jöns, Klaus D. and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Gerstmann, Uwe and Lindner, Jörg K. N.}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{DFT‐Assisted Investigation of the Electric Field and Charge Density Distribution of Pristine and Defective 2D WSe2 by Differential Phase Contrast Imaging}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.202311635}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{54147, abstract = {{AbstractMost properties of solid materials are defined by their internal electric field and charge density distributions which so far are difficult to measure with high spatial resolution. Especially for 2D materials, the atomic electric fields influence the optoelectronic properties. In this study, the atomic‐scale electric field and charge density distribution of WSe2 bi‐ and trilayers are revealed using an emerging microscopy technique, differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). For pristine material, a higher positive charge density located at the selenium atomic columns compared to the tungsten atomic columns is obtained and tentatively explained by a coherent scattering effect. Furthermore, the change in the electric field distribution induced by a missing selenium atomic column is investigated. A characteristic electric field distribution in the vicinity of the defect with locally reduced magnitudes compared to the pristine lattice is observed. This effect is accompanied by a considerable inward relaxation of the surrounding lattice, which according to first principles DFT calculation is fully compatible with a missing column of Se atoms. This shows that DPC imaging, as an electric field sensitive technique, provides additional and remarkable information to the otherwise only structural analysis obtained with conventional STEM imaging.}}, author = {{Groll, Maja and Bürger, Julius and Caltzidis, Ioannis and Jöns, Klaus D. and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Gerstmann, Uwe and Lindner, Jörg K. N.}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{DFT‐Assisted Investigation of the Electric Field and Charge Density Distribution of Pristine and Defective 2D WSe2 by Differential Phase Contrast Imaging}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.202311635}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{54868, abstract = {{AbstractMost properties of solid materials are defined by their internal electric field and charge density distributions which so far are difficult to measure with high spatial resolution. Especially for 2D materials, the atomic electric fields influence the optoelectronic properties. In this study, the atomic‐scale electric field and charge density distribution of WSe2 bi‐ and trilayers are revealed using an emerging microscopy technique, differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). For pristine material, a higher positive charge density located at the selenium atomic columns compared to the tungsten atomic columns is obtained and tentatively explained by a coherent scattering effect. Furthermore, the change in the electric field distribution induced by a missing selenium atomic column is investigated. A characteristic electric field distribution in the vicinity of the defect with locally reduced magnitudes compared to the pristine lattice is observed. This effect is accompanied by a considerable inward relaxation of the surrounding lattice, which according to first principles DFT calculation is fully compatible with a missing column of Se atoms. This shows that DPC imaging, as an electric field sensitive technique, provides additional and remarkable information to the otherwise only structural analysis obtained with conventional STEM imaging.}}, author = {{Groll, Maja and Bürger, Julius and Caltzidis, Ioannis and Jöns, Klaus D. and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Gerstmann, Uwe and Lindner, Jörg K. N.}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{DFT‐Assisted Investigation of the Electric Field and Charge Density Distribution of Pristine and Defective 2D WSe2 by Differential Phase Contrast Imaging}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.202311635}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{44504, author = {{Linko, Veikko and Keller, Adrian}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, keywords = {{Biomaterials, Biotechnology, General Materials Science, General Chemistry}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Stability of DNA Origami Nanostructures in Physiological Media: The Role of Molecular Interactions}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.202301935}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{30738, author = {{Xin, Yang and Piskunen, Petteri and Suma, Antonio and Li, Changyong and Ijäs, Heini and Ojasalo, Sofia and Seitz, Iris and Kostiainen, Mauri A. and Grundmeier, Guido and Linko, Veikko and Keller, Adrian}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, keywords = {{Biomaterials, Biotechnology, General Materials Science, General Chemistry}}, pages = {{2107393}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Environment‐Dependent Stability and Mechanical Properties of DNA Origami Six‐Helix Bundles with Different Crossover Spacings}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.202107393}}, volume = {{18}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{22649, author = {{Xin, Yang and Kielar, Charlotte and Zhu, Siqi and Sikeler, Christoph and Xu, Xiaodan and Möser, Christin and Grundmeier, Guido and Liedl, Tim and Heuer‐Jungemann, Amelie and Smith, David M. and Keller, Adrian}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, pages = {{1905959}}, title = {{{Cryopreservation of DNA Origami Nanostructures}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.201905959}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{47956, abstract = {{Optically nonlinear Pb2B5O9X (X = Cl, Br) borate halides are an important group of materials for second harmonic generation (SHG). Additionally, they also possess excellent photocatalytic activity and stability in the process of dechlorination of chlorophenols, which are typical persistent organic pollutants. It would be of great interest to conduct in situ (photo‐) catalysis investigations during the whole photocatalytic process by SHG when considering them as photocatalytic materials. In order to get superior photocatalytic efficiency and maximum surface information, small particles are highly desired. Here, a low‐cost and fast synthesis route that allows growing microcrystalline optically nonlinear Pb2B5O9X borate halides at large quantities is introduced. When applying the ionothermal growth process at temperatures between 130 and 170 °C, microcrystallites with an average size of about 1 µm precipitate with an orthorhombic hilgardite‐like borate halide structure. Thorough examinations using powder X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, the Pb2B5O9X microcrystals are indicated to be chemically pure and single‐phased. Besides, the Pb2B5O9X borate halides' SHG efficiencies are confirmed using confocal SHG microscopy. The low‐temperature synthesis route thus makes these borate halides a highly desirable material for surface studies such as monitoring chemical reactions with picosecond time resolution and in situ (photo‐) catalysis investigations.}}, author = {{Tan, Deming and Kirbus, Benjamin and Rüsing, Michael and Pietsch, Tobias and Ruck, Michael and Eng, Lukas M.}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, keywords = {{Biomaterials, Biotechnology, General Materials Science, General Chemistry}}, number = {{23}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Resource‐Efficient Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Microcrystalline Pb2B5O9X (X = Cl, Br) for Surfaces Studies by Optical Second Harmonic Generation}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.202000857}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{22668, author = {{Ramakrishnan, Saminathan and Krainer, Georg and Grundmeier, Guido and Schlierf, Michael and Keller, Adrian}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, pages = {{1702100}}, title = {{{Cation-Induced Stabilization and Denaturation of DNA Origami Nanostructures in Urea and Guanidinium Chloride}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.201702100}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{39685, author = {{Martens, Kevin and Funck, Timon and Kempter, Susanne and Roller, Eva-Maria and Liedl, Tim and Blaschke, Benno M. and Knecht, Peter and Garrido, José Antonio and Zhang, Bingru and Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, journal = {{Small}}, keywords = {{Biomaterials, Biotechnology, General Materials Science, General Chemistry}}, number = {{12}}, pages = {{1658--1666}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Alignment and Graphene-Assisted Decoration of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals Containing DNA Origami Nanostructures}}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.201503382}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2016}}, }