@article{60087,
  abstract     = {{<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Based on theoretical models, physical activity has been introduced as a promoting method to mitigate the disease severity, fatigue and relapse rate in multiple sclerosis. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the relation between self-reported physical activity level and disease severity, fatigue and relapse rate in persons with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A survey was offered to persons with RRMS from March 2019 to August 2021 (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 253). Physical activity level, fatigue and disease severity were determined using the Godin Leisure-Time Questionnaire (GLTEQ), the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale and the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC). Additionally, participants’ relapse rate was recorded.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Bivariate correlations revealed an inverse relation between physical activity level and PDDS (<jats:italic>ρ</jats:italic> = −0.279; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) as well as between physical activity and FSMC (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.213, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), but not between physical activity and relapse rate (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.033, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses explained 12.6% and 5.2% of the variance of PDDS and FSMC.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Our findings confirm a relation between self-reported physical activity, disease severity and fatigue in persons with RRMS. However, self-reported physical activity level does not seem to affect the annualised relapse rate.</jats:p></jats:sec>}},
  author       = {{Schlagheck, Marit Lea and Hübner, Sven T. and Joisten, Niklas and Walzik, David and Rademacher, Annette and Wolf, Florian and Bansi, Jens and Warnke, Clemens and Zimmer, Philipp}},
  issn         = {{1664-2295}},
  journal      = {{Frontiers in Neurology}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media SA}},
  title        = {{{Physical activity is related to disease severity and fatigue, but not to relapse rate in persons with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis – a self-reported questionnaire based study}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fneur.2023.1217000}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{53947,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Language assessment using a picture naming task crucially relies on the interpretation of the given verbal response by the rater. To avoid misinterpretations, a language-specific and linguistically controlled set of unambiguous, clearly identifiable and common object–word pairs is mandatory. We, here, set out to provide an open-source set of black and white object drawings, particularly suited for language mapping and monitoring, e.g., during awake brain tumour surgery or transcranial magnetic stimulation, in German language. A refined set of 100 black and white drawings was tested in two consecutive runs of randomised picture order and was analysed in respect of correct, prompt, and reliable object recognition and naming in a series of 132 healthy subjects between 18 and 84 years (median 25 years, 64% females) and a clinical pilot cohort of 10 brain tumour patients (median age 47 years, 80% males). The influence of important word- and subject-related factors on task performance and reliability was investigated. Overall, across both healthy subjects and patients, excellent correct object naming rates (97 vs. 96%) as well as high reliability coefficients (Goodman–Kruskal's gamma = 0.95 vs. 0.86) were found. However, the analysis of variance revealed a significant, overall negative effect of low word frequency (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) and high age (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001) on task performance whereas the effect of a low educational level was only evident for the subgroup of 72 or more years of age (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, a small learning effect was observed across the two runs of the test (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). In summary, this study provides an overall robust and reliable picture naming tool, optimised for the clinical use to map and monitor language functions in patients. However, individual familiarisation before the clinical use remains advisable, especially for subjects that are comparatively prone to spontaneous picture naming errors such as older subjects of low educational level and patients with clinically apparent word finding difficulties.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Weiss Lucas, Carolin and Pieczewski, Julia and Kochs, Sophia and Nettekoven, Charlotte and Grefkes, Christian and Goldbrunner, Roland and Jonas, Kristina}},
  issn         = {{1664-2295}},
  journal      = {{Frontiers in Neurology}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media SA}},
  title        = {{{The Cologne Picture Naming Test for Language Mapping and Monitoring (CoNaT): An Open Set of 100 Black and White Object Drawings}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fneur.2021.633068}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}