---
_id: '27574'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>In adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), a dysfunction between
    the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid
    (HPT) axis has been shown, but the interaction of both axes has not yet been studied
    in adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). Data from 273 adolescents diagnosed
    with MDD from two single center cross-sectional studies were used for analysis.
    Serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH), free levothyroxine (fT4), and cortisol were
    determined as indicators of basal HPT and HPA axis functioning and compared to
    that of adolescent controls by t-tests. Quantile regression was employed in the
    sample of adolescents with MDD to investigate the relationship between both axes
    in the normal as well as the pathological range of cortisol levels, considering
    confounders of both axes. In adolescent MDD, cortisol levels and TSH levels were
    significantly elevated in comparison to controls (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>
    = &amp;lt;.001, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 1.35, large effect size, and <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>
    = &amp;lt;.001, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.79, moderate effect size, respectively).
    There was a positive linear relationship between TSH and cortisol (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>
    = .003, <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.25, small effect size) at the median
    of cortisol levels (50<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> percentile). However, no relationship
    between TSH and cortisol was found in hypercortisolemia (cortisol levels at the
    97.5<jats:sup>th</jats:sup> percentile). These findings imply that HPT and HPA
    axis dysfunction is common in adolescents with MDD and that function of both axes
    is only loosely related. Moreover, the regulation of the HPA and HPT axis are
    likely subjected to age-related maturational adjustments since findings of this
    study differ from those reported in adults.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Raphael
  full_name: Hirtz, Raphael
  last_name: Hirtz
- first_name: Lars
  full_name: Libuda, Lars
  id: '88682'
  last_name: Libuda
  orcid: 0000-0003-1603-3133
- first_name: Anke
  full_name: Hinney, Anke
  last_name: Hinney
- first_name: Manuel
  full_name: Föcker, Manuel
  last_name: Föcker
- first_name: Judith
  full_name: Bühlmeier, Judith
  last_name: Bühlmeier
- first_name: Jochen
  full_name: Antel, Jochen
  last_name: Antel
- first_name: Paul-Martin
  full_name: Holterhus, Paul-Martin
  last_name: Holterhus
- first_name: Alexandra
  full_name: Kulle, Alexandra
  last_name: Kulle
- first_name: Cordula
  full_name: Kiewert, Cordula
  last_name: Kiewert
- first_name: Johannes
  full_name: Hebebrand, Johannes
  last_name: Hebebrand
- first_name: Corinna
  full_name: Grasemann, Corinna
  last_name: Grasemann
citation:
  ama: Hirtz R, Libuda L, Hinney A, et al. Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between
    the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis
    in Adolescent Depression. <i>Frontiers in Endocrinology</i>. Published online
    2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.662243">10.3389/fendo.2021.662243</a>
  apa: Hirtz, R., Libuda, L., Hinney, A., Föcker, M., Bühlmeier, J., Antel, J., Holterhus,
    P.-M., Kulle, A., Kiewert, C., Hebebrand, J., &#38; Grasemann, C. (2021). Lack
    of Evidence for a Relationship Between the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal and
    the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Adolescent Depression. <i>Frontiers
    in Endocrinology</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.662243">https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.662243</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Hirtz_Libuda_Hinney_Föcker_Bühlmeier_Antel_Holterhus_Kulle_Kiewert_Hebebrand_et
    al._2021, title={Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal
    and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Adolescent Depression}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.662243">10.3389/fendo.2021.662243</a>},
    journal={Frontiers in Endocrinology}, author={Hirtz, Raphael and Libuda, Lars
    and Hinney, Anke and Föcker, Manuel and Bühlmeier, Judith and Antel, Jochen and
    Holterhus, Paul-Martin and Kulle, Alexandra and Kiewert, Cordula and Hebebrand,
    Johannes and et al.}, year={2021} }'
  chicago: Hirtz, Raphael, Lars Libuda, Anke Hinney, Manuel Föcker, Judith Bühlmeier,
    Jochen Antel, Paul-Martin Holterhus, et al. “Lack of Evidence for a Relationship
    Between the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid
    Axis in Adolescent Depression.” <i>Frontiers in Endocrinology</i>, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.662243">https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.662243</a>.
  ieee: 'R. Hirtz <i>et al.</i>, “Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between the
    Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in
    Adolescent Depression,” <i>Frontiers in Endocrinology</i>, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.662243">10.3389/fendo.2021.662243</a>.'
  mla: Hirtz, Raphael, et al. “Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal
    and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Adolescent Depression.” <i>Frontiers
    in Endocrinology</i>, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.662243">10.3389/fendo.2021.662243</a>.
  short: R. Hirtz, L. Libuda, A. Hinney, M. Föcker, J. Bühlmeier, J. Antel, P.-M.
    Holterhus, A. Kulle, C. Kiewert, J. Hebebrand, C. Grasemann, Frontiers in Endocrinology
    (2021).
date_created: 2021-11-18T19:35:06Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:42Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '22'
- _id: '395'
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.662243
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Frontiers in Endocrinology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1664-2392
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal
  and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Adolescent Depression
type: journal_article
user_id: '49428'
year: '2021'
...