@article{27119,
  abstract     = {{This article examines the normative roots of criteria used for the accreditation of study programs in German higher education based on the orders of worth framework by Boltanski and Thévenot (On justification. Economies of worth, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2006). From 1999 to 2017, the criteria have been subject to continuous efforts of legitimation, especially by the German Länder, which are in charge of public higher education in Germany. The empirical analysis shows that industrial (e.g., ‘standardization’), civic (e.g., ‘gender justice and equal opportunities’), and civic-industrial (e.g., ‘employability’) codings are the core of accreditation criteria. The normativity of these criteria constitutes accreditation as a technical arrangement running (a) a structural program (e.g., qualifications of academic teachers, modularization of study programs, and quality management) and (b) a political program (e.g., diversity of students and system of studies). Based on the empirical analysis, it is concluded that X does not stand for the accreditation of quality X. X stands for the accreditation of X qualities for specific normative purposes via the higher education accreditation regime.}},
  author       = {{Schneijderberg, Christian and Steinhardt, Isabel}},
  issn         = {{0952-8733}},
  journal      = {{Higher Education Policy}},
  pages        = {{5--28}},
  title        = {{{Accreditation of X Qualities Instead of Quality X: A Normative Analysis of Criteria of the German Higher Education Accreditation Regime}}},
  doi          = {{10.1057/s41307-018-0111-y}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}

@article{50018,
  abstract     = {{Educational authorities in Taiwan have been expanding the higher education sector since the 1990s to meet the demands of economic transformation and to meet cultural expectations. Consequently, the higher education system of Taiwan has evolved from an elite system to a universal one. The rapid expansion of higher education is also characterized by salient features such as the increase of higher degrees, an enlarged private sector, and diminishing numbers of junior college institutions and students. This study explores whether these changes at the national level have brought challenges to the labour market. Our findings reveal that intensified competition for employment caused by the increased number of college graduates has incurred extra monetary cost and uncertain wage prospects at the individual level. Disadvantaged students might suffer the most from the massification in light of increased financial investments and low(er) rates of return to higher education.}},
  author       = {{Chan, Sheng-Ju and Lin-Januszewski, Liang-Wen}},
  issn         = {{0952-8733}},
  journal      = {{Higher Education Policy}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{17--33}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{Massification of Higher Education in Taiwan: Shifting Pressure from Admission to Employment}}},
  doi          = {{10.1057/hep.2014.33}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2015}},
}