---
_id: '60233'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Emerging technologies pose many new
    challenges for regulation and governance on a global scale. With the advent of
    distributed communication networks like the Internet and decentralized ledger
    technologies like blockchain, new platforms emerged, disrupting existing power
    dynamics and bringing about new claims of sovereignty from the private sector.
    This special issue addresses a gap in the literature by focusing the discourse
    on the issue of <jats:italic>trust</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>confidence</jats:italic>
    in the digital realm. In particular, looking at the evolution of the web (from
    Web 1.0, to Web 2.0, and then Web 3), this article analyses how every iteration
    reflects a different way of dealing with the problem of <jats:italic>trust</jats:italic>
    online, resulting in a different regulation and governance landscape. Technology
    is often regarded as a new lever of regulation, attempting to resolve the problem
    of “trust” online, either through the introduction of a new trusted authority
    (Web 2.0) or through the introduction of technological guarantees that provide
    more assurance—or “confidence”—in the way interactions can be operationalized
    (Web 3). Yet, each of these technologies also introduce new risks and governance
    costs, ultimately shifting the problem of trust in a new direction rather than
    resolving it or removing the need for trust altogether. The main contribution
    of the articles in this special issue is providing a better understanding of the
    trust challenges faced and posed by emerging technologies and demonstrating how
    they affect institutional governance—in both theory and practice—with a view to
    help policymakers find appropriate answers to these challenges.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Primavera
  full_name: de Filippi, Primavera
  last_name: de Filippi
- first_name: Morshed
  full_name: Mannan, Morshed
  last_name: Mannan
- first_name: Wessel
  full_name: Reijers, Wessel
  last_name: Reijers
citation:
  ama: de Filippi P, Mannan M, Reijers W. How to Govern the Confidence Machine? <i>Regulation
    &#38; Governance</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70017">10.1111/rego.70017</a>
  apa: de Filippi, P., Mannan, M., &#38; Reijers, W. (2025). How to Govern the Confidence
    Machine? <i>Regulation &#38; Governance</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70017">https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70017</a>
  bibtex: '@article{de Filippi_Mannan_Reijers_2025, title={How to Govern the Confidence
    Machine?}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70017">10.1111/rego.70017</a>},
    journal={Regulation &#38; Governance}, publisher={Wiley}, author={de Filippi,
    Primavera and Mannan, Morshed and Reijers, Wessel}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Filippi, Primavera de, Morshed Mannan, and Wessel Reijers. “How to Govern
    the Confidence Machine?” <i>Regulation &#38; Governance</i>, 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70017">https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70017</a>.
  ieee: 'P. de Filippi, M. Mannan, and W. Reijers, “How to Govern the Confidence Machine?,”
    <i>Regulation &#38; Governance</i>, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70017">10.1111/rego.70017</a>.'
  mla: de Filippi, Primavera, et al. “How to Govern the Confidence Machine?” <i>Regulation
    &#38; Governance</i>, Wiley, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.70017">10.1111/rego.70017</a>.
  short: P. de Filippi, M. Mannan, W. Reijers, Regulation &#38; Governance (2025).
date_created: 2025-06-16T20:36:42Z
date_updated: 2025-09-22T10:08:25Z
doi: 10.1111/rego.70017
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/498727818/deFilippiEtal2025RGHowToGovern.pdf
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '370'
  name: 'TRR 318; TP B06: Ethik und Normativität der erklärbaren KI'
publication: Regulation & Governance
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1748-5983
  - 1748-5991
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: How to Govern the Confidence Machine?
type: journal_article
user_id: '102524'
year: '2025'
...