---
_id: '24901'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In child–robot interaction (cHRI)
    research, many studies pursue the goal to develop interactive systems that can
    be applied in everyday settings. For early education, increasingly, the setting
    of a kindergarten is targeted. However, when cHRI and research are brought into
    a kindergarten, a range of ethical and related procedural aspects have to be considered
    and dealt with. While ethical models elaborated within other human–robot interaction
    settings, e.g., assisted living contexts, can provide some important indicators
    for relevant issues, we argue that it is important to start developing a systematic
    approach to identify and tackle those ethical issues which rise with cHRI in kindergarten
    settings on a more global level and address the impact of the technology from
    a macroperspective beyond the effects on the individual. Based on our experience
    in conducting studies with children in general and pedagogical considerations
    on the role of the institution of kindergarten in specific, in this paper, we
    enfold some relevant aspects that have barely been addressed in an explicit way
    in current cHRI research. Four areas are analyzed and key ethical issues are identified
    in each area: (1) the institutional setting of a kindergarten, (2) children as
    a vulnerable group, (3) the caregivers’ role, and (4) pedagogical concepts. With
    our considerations, we aim at (i) broadening the methodology of the current studies
    within the area of cHRI, (ii) revalidate it based on our comprehensive empirical
    experience with research in kindergarten settings, both laboratory and real-world
    contexts, and (iii) provide a framework for the development of a more systematic
    approach to address the ethical issues in cHRI research within kindergarten settings.</jats:p>'
author:
- first_name: Nils Frederik
  full_name: Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik
  id: '43289'
  last_name: Tolksdorf
  orcid: 0000-0001-6093-1219
- first_name: Scarlet
  full_name: Siebert, Scarlet
  last_name: Siebert
- first_name: Isabel
  full_name: Zorn, Isabel
  last_name: Zorn
- first_name: Ilona
  full_name: Horwath, Ilona
  id: '68836'
  last_name: Horwath
- first_name: Katharina J.
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
citation:
  ama: 'Tolksdorf NF, Siebert S, Zorn I, Horwath I, Rohlfing KJ. Ethical Considerations
    of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.
    <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>. Published online 2021:129-140.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>'
  apa: 'Tolksdorf, N. F., Siebert, S., Zorn, I., Horwath, I., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J.
    (2021). Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards
    an Approach from a Macroperspective. <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>,
    129–140. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Tolksdorf_Siebert_Zorn_Horwath_Rohlfing_2021, title={Ethical Considerations
    of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>},
    journal={International Journal of Social Robotics}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik
    and Siebert, Scarlet and Zorn, Isabel and Horwath, Ilona and Rohlfing, Katharina
    J.}, year={2021}, pages={129–140} }'
  chicago: 'Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, Scarlet Siebert, Isabel Zorn, Ilona Horwath,
    and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten
    Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” <i>International Journal
    of Social Robotics</i>, 2021, 129–40. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Ethical
    Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach
    from a Macroperspective,” <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, pp.
    129–140, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>.'
  mla: 'Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, et al. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots
    in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” <i>International
    Journal of Social Robotics</i>, 2021, pp. 129–40, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>.'
  short: N.F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, K.J. Rohlfing, International
    Journal of Social Robotics (2021) 129–140.
date_created: 2021-09-23T11:03:50Z
date_updated: 2023-05-03T08:24:33Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3
language:
- iso: eng
page: 129-140
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1875-4791
  - 1875-4805
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards
  an Approach from a Macroperspective'
type: journal_article
user_id: '68836'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '24458'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "In child–robot interaction (cHRI) research, many studies pursue the goal
    to develop interactive systems that can be applied in everyday settings. For early
    education, increasingly, the setting of a kindergarten is targeted. However, when
    cHRI and research are brought into a kindergarten, a range of ethical and related
    procedural aspects have to be considered and dealt with.While ethical models elaborated
    within other human–robot interaction settings, e.g., assisted living contexts,
    can provide some important indicators for relevant issues, we argue that it is
    important to start developing a systematic approach to identify and tackle those
    ethical issues which rise with cHRI in kindergarten settings on a more global
    level and address the impact of the technology from a macroperspective beyond
    the effects on the individual. Based on our experience in conducting studies with
    children in general and pedagogical considerations on the role of the institution
    of kindergarten in specific, in this paper,we enfold some relevant aspects that
    have barely been addressed in an explicit way in current cHRI research. Four areas
    are analyzed and key ethical issues are identified in each area: (1) the institutional
    setting of a kindergarten, (2) children as a vulnerable group, (3) the caregivers’
    role, and (4) pedagogical concepts. With our considerations, we aim at (i) broadening\r\nthe
    methodology of the current studies within the area of cHRI, (ii) revalidate it
    based on our comprehensive empirical\r\nexperience with research in kindergarten
    settings, both laboratory and real-world contexts, and (iii) provide a framework
    for the development of a more systematic approach to address the ethical issues
    in cHRI research within kindergarten settings."
author:
- first_name: Nils F.
  full_name: Tolksdorf, Nils F.
  last_name: Tolksdorf
- first_name: Scarlet
  full_name: Siebert, Scarlet
  last_name: Siebert
- first_name: Isabel
  full_name: Zorn, Isabel
  last_name: Zorn
- first_name: Ilona
  full_name: Horwath, Ilona
  last_name: Horwath
- first_name: Katharina J.
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
citation:
  ama: 'Tolksdorf NF, Siebert S, Zorn I, Horwath I, Rohlfing KJ. Ethical Considerations
    of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.
    <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>. Published online 2020:129-140.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>'
  apa: 'Tolksdorf, N. F., Siebert, S., Zorn, I., Horwath, I., &#38; Rohlfing, K. J.
    (2020). Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards
    an Approach from a Macroperspective. <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>,
    129–140. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Tolksdorf_Siebert_Zorn_Horwath_Rohlfing_2020, title={Ethical Considerations
    of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>},
    journal={International Journal of Social Robotics}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils F.
    and Siebert, Scarlet and Zorn, Isabel and Horwath, Ilona and Rohlfing, Katharina
    J.}, year={2020}, pages={129–140} }'
  chicago: 'Tolksdorf, Nils F., Scarlet Siebert, Isabel Zorn, Ilona Horwath, and Katharina
    J. Rohlfing. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings:
    Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” <i>International Journal of Social
    Robotics</i>, 2020, 129–40. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Ethical
    Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach
    from a Macroperspective,” <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, pp.
    129–140, 2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>.'
  mla: 'Tolksdorf, Nils F., et al. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten
    Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” <i>International Journal
    of Social Robotics</i>, 2020, pp. 129–40, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3">10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3</a>.'
  short: N.F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, K.J. Rohlfing, International
    Journal of Social Robotics (2020) 129–140.
date_created: 2021-09-14T20:55:57Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T12:16:11Z
ddc:
- '300'
department:
- _id: '603'
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: innem
  date_created: 2021-09-14T20:56:41Z
  date_updated: 2021-09-14T20:56:41Z
  file_id: '24459'
  file_name: Tolksdorf_etal_2020.pdf
  file_size: 489035
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-09-14T20:56:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Robot ethics · Kindergarten settings · Child–robot interaction · Early childhood
  education
language:
- iso: eng
page: 129-140
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1875-4791
  - 1875-4805
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards
  an Approach from a Macroperspective'
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '17189'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Alignment is a phenomenon observed in human conversation: Dialog partners''
    behavior converges in many respects. Such alignment has been proposed to be automatic
    and the basis for communicating successfully. Recent research on human-computer
    dialog promotes a mediated communicative design account of alignment according
    to which the extent of alignment is influenced by interlocutors'' beliefs about
    each other. Our work aims at adding to these findings in two ways. (a) Our work
    investigates alignment of manual actions, instead of lexical choice. (b) Participants
    interact with the iCub humanoid robot, instead of an artificial computer dialog
    system. Our results confirm that alignment also takes place in the domain of actions.
    We were not able to replicate the results of the original study in general in
    this setting, but in accordance with its findings, participants with a high questionnaire
    score for emotional stability and participants who are familiar with robots align
    their actions more to a robot they believe to be basic than to one they believe
    to be advanced. Regarding alignment over the course of an interaction, the extent
    of alignment seems to remain constant, when participants believe the robot to
    be advanced, but it increases over time, when participants believe the robot to
    be a basic version.'
author:
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
  full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
  last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Wrede, Britta
  last_name: Wrede
- first_name: Angelo
  full_name: Cangelosi, Angelo
  last_name: Cangelosi
citation:
  ama: Vollmer A-L, Rohlfing K, Wrede B, Cangelosi A. Alignment to the Actions of
    a Robot. <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>. 2015;7(2):241-252. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0">10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0</a>
  apa: Vollmer, A.-L., Rohlfing, K., Wrede, B., &#38; Cangelosi, A. (2015). Alignment
    to the Actions of a Robot. <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, <i>7</i>(2),
    241–252. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Vollmer_Rohlfing_Wrede_Cangelosi_2015, title={Alignment to the
    Actions of a Robot}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0">10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0</a>},
    number={2}, journal={International Journal of Social Robotics}, publisher={Springer-Verlag},
    author={Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Rohlfing, Katharina and Wrede, Britta and Cangelosi,
    Angelo}, year={2015}, pages={241–252} }'
  chicago: 'Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, Katharina Rohlfing, Britta Wrede, and Angelo Cangelosi.
    “Alignment to the Actions of a Robot.” <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>
    7, no. 2 (2015): 241–52. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0</a>.'
  ieee: 'A.-L. Vollmer, K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, and A. Cangelosi, “Alignment to the
    Actions of a Robot,” <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, vol. 7,
    no. 2, pp. 241–252, 2015, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0">10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0</a>.'
  mla: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, et al. “Alignment to the Actions of a Robot.” <i>International
    Journal of Social Robotics</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, Springer-Verlag, 2015, pp. 241–52,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0">10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0</a>.
  short: A.-L. Vollmer, K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, A. Cangelosi, International Journal
    of Social Robotics 7 (2015) 241–252.
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:01:06Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T16:07:40Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-014-0252-0
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- learning
- Human-robot interaction
- Alignment
- Robot social
- Action understanding
language:
- iso: eng
page: 241-252
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1875-4791
publisher: Springer-Verlag
status: public
title: Alignment to the Actions of a Robot
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
volume: 7
year: '2015'
...