---
_id: '24901'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'AbstractIn child–robot interaction (cHRI)
research, many studies pursue the goal to develop interactive systems that can
be applied in everyday settings. For early education, increasingly, the setting
of a kindergarten is targeted. However, when cHRI and research are brought into
a kindergarten, a range of ethical and related procedural aspects have to be considered
and dealt with. While ethical models elaborated within other human–robot interaction
settings, e.g., assisted living contexts, can provide some important indicators
for relevant issues, we argue that it is important to start developing a systematic
approach to identify and tackle those ethical issues which rise with cHRI in kindergarten
settings on a more global level and address the impact of the technology from
a macroperspective beyond the effects on the individual. Based on our experience
in conducting studies with children in general and pedagogical considerations
on the role of the institution of kindergarten in specific, in this paper, we
enfold some relevant aspects that have barely been addressed in an explicit way
in current cHRI research. Four areas are analyzed and key ethical issues are identified
in each area: (1) the institutional setting of a kindergarten, (2) children as
a vulnerable group, (3) the caregivers’ role, and (4) pedagogical concepts. With
our considerations, we aim at (i) broadening the methodology of the current studies
within the area of cHRI, (ii) revalidate it based on our comprehensive empirical
experience with research in kindergarten settings, both laboratory and real-world
contexts, and (iii) provide a framework for the development of a more systematic
approach to address the ethical issues in cHRI research within kindergarten settings.'
author:
- first_name: Nils Frederik
full_name: Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik
id: '43289'
last_name: Tolksdorf
orcid: 0000-0001-6093-1219
- first_name: Scarlet
full_name: Siebert, Scarlet
last_name: Siebert
- first_name: Isabel
full_name: Zorn, Isabel
last_name: Zorn
- first_name: Ilona
full_name: Horwath, Ilona
id: '68836'
last_name: Horwath
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
citation:
ama: 'Tolksdorf NF, Siebert S, Zorn I, Horwath I, Rohlfing KJ. Ethical Considerations
of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.
International Journal of Social Robotics. Published online 2021:129-140.
doi:10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3'
apa: 'Tolksdorf, N. F., Siebert, S., Zorn, I., Horwath, I., & Rohlfing, K. J.
(2021). Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards
an Approach from a Macroperspective. International Journal of Social Robotics,
129–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3'
bibtex: '@article{Tolksdorf_Siebert_Zorn_Horwath_Rohlfing_2021, title={Ethical Considerations
of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective},
DOI={10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3},
journal={International Journal of Social Robotics}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik
and Siebert, Scarlet and Zorn, Isabel and Horwath, Ilona and Rohlfing, Katharina
J.}, year={2021}, pages={129–140} }'
chicago: 'Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, Scarlet Siebert, Isabel Zorn, Ilona Horwath,
and Katharina J. Rohlfing. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten
Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” International Journal
of Social Robotics, 2021, 129–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3.'
ieee: 'N. F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Ethical
Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach
from a Macroperspective,” International Journal of Social Robotics, pp.
129–140, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3.'
mla: 'Tolksdorf, Nils Frederik, et al. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots
in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” International
Journal of Social Robotics, 2021, pp. 129–40, doi:10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3.'
short: N.F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, K.J. Rohlfing, International
Journal of Social Robotics (2021) 129–140.
date_created: 2021-09-23T11:03:50Z
date_updated: 2023-05-03T08:24:33Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3
language:
- iso: eng
page: 129-140
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1875-4791
- 1875-4805
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards
an Approach from a Macroperspective'
type: journal_article
user_id: '68836'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '24458'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "In child–robot interaction (cHRI) research, many studies pursue the goal
to develop interactive systems that can be applied in everyday settings. For early
education, increasingly, the setting of a kindergarten is targeted. However, when
cHRI and research are brought into a kindergarten, a range of ethical and related
procedural aspects have to be considered and dealt with.While ethical models elaborated
within other human–robot interaction settings, e.g., assisted living contexts,
can provide some important indicators for relevant issues, we argue that it is
important to start developing a systematic approach to identify and tackle those
ethical issues which rise with cHRI in kindergarten settings on a more global
level and address the impact of the technology from a macroperspective beyond
the effects on the individual. Based on our experience in conducting studies with
children in general and pedagogical considerations on the role of the institution
of kindergarten in specific, in this paper,we enfold some relevant aspects that
have barely been addressed in an explicit way in current cHRI research. Four areas
are analyzed and key ethical issues are identified in each area: (1) the institutional
setting of a kindergarten, (2) children as a vulnerable group, (3) the caregivers’
role, and (4) pedagogical concepts. With our considerations, we aim at (i) broadening\r\nthe
methodology of the current studies within the area of cHRI, (ii) revalidate it
based on our comprehensive empirical\r\nexperience with research in kindergarten
settings, both laboratory and real-world contexts, and (iii) provide a framework
for the development of a more systematic approach to address the ethical issues
in cHRI research within kindergarten settings."
author:
- first_name: Nils F.
full_name: Tolksdorf, Nils F.
last_name: Tolksdorf
- first_name: Scarlet
full_name: Siebert, Scarlet
last_name: Siebert
- first_name: Isabel
full_name: Zorn, Isabel
last_name: Zorn
- first_name: Ilona
full_name: Horwath, Ilona
last_name: Horwath
- first_name: Katharina J.
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina J.
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
citation:
ama: 'Tolksdorf NF, Siebert S, Zorn I, Horwath I, Rohlfing KJ. Ethical Considerations
of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.
International Journal of Social Robotics. Published online 2020:129-140.
doi:10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3'
apa: 'Tolksdorf, N. F., Siebert, S., Zorn, I., Horwath, I., & Rohlfing, K. J.
(2020). Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards
an Approach from a Macroperspective. International Journal of Social Robotics,
129–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3'
bibtex: '@article{Tolksdorf_Siebert_Zorn_Horwath_Rohlfing_2020, title={Ethical Considerations
of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective},
DOI={10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3},
journal={International Journal of Social Robotics}, author={Tolksdorf, Nils F.
and Siebert, Scarlet and Zorn, Isabel and Horwath, Ilona and Rohlfing, Katharina
J.}, year={2020}, pages={129–140} }'
chicago: 'Tolksdorf, Nils F., Scarlet Siebert, Isabel Zorn, Ilona Horwath, and Katharina
J. Rohlfing. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings:
Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” International Journal of Social
Robotics, 2020, 129–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3.'
ieee: 'N. F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, and K. J. Rohlfing, “Ethical
Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach
from a Macroperspective,” International Journal of Social Robotics, pp.
129–140, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3.'
mla: 'Tolksdorf, Nils F., et al. “Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten
Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective.” International Journal
of Social Robotics, 2020, pp. 129–40, doi:10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3.'
short: N.F. Tolksdorf, S. Siebert, I. Zorn, I. Horwath, K.J. Rohlfing, International
Journal of Social Robotics (2020) 129–140.
date_created: 2021-09-14T20:55:57Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T12:16:11Z
ddc:
- '300'
department:
- _id: '603'
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-020-00622-3
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: innem
date_created: 2021-09-14T20:56:41Z
date_updated: 2021-09-14T20:56:41Z
file_id: '24459'
file_name: Tolksdorf_etal_2020.pdf
file_size: 489035
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-09-14T20:56:41Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Robot ethics · Kindergarten settings · Child–robot interaction · Early childhood
education
language:
- iso: eng
page: 129-140
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1875-4791
- 1875-4805
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards
an Approach from a Macroperspective'
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '17203'
author:
- first_name: Maha
full_name: Salem, Maha
last_name: Salem
- first_name: Friederike Anne
full_name: Eyssel, Friederike Anne
last_name: Eyssel
- first_name: Katharina
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Kopp, Stefan
last_name: Kopp
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Joublin, Frank
last_name: Joublin
citation:
ama: 'Salem M, Eyssel FA, Rohlfing K, Kopp S, Joublin F. To err is human (-like):
Effects of robot gesture on perceived anthropomorphism and likeability. International
Journal of Social Robotics. 2013;5(3):313-323. doi:10.1007/s12369-013-0196-9'
apa: 'Salem, M., Eyssel, F. A., Rohlfing, K., Kopp, S., & Joublin, F. (2013).
To err is human (-like): Effects of robot gesture on perceived anthropomorphism
and likeability. International Journal of Social Robotics, 5(3),
313–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0196-9'
bibtex: '@article{Salem_Eyssel_Rohlfing_Kopp_Joublin_2013, title={To err is human
(-like): Effects of robot gesture on perceived anthropomorphism and likeability},
volume={5}, DOI={10.1007/s12369-013-0196-9},
number={3}, journal={International Journal of Social Robotics}, publisher={Springer
}, author={Salem, Maha and Eyssel, Friederike Anne and Rohlfing, Katharina and
Kopp, Stefan and Joublin, Frank}, year={2013}, pages={313–323} }'
chicago: 'Salem, Maha, Friederike Anne Eyssel, Katharina Rohlfing, Stefan Kopp,
and Frank Joublin. “To Err Is Human (-like): Effects of Robot Gesture on Perceived
Anthropomorphism and Likeability.” International Journal of Social Robotics
5, no. 3 (2013): 313–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0196-9.'
ieee: 'M. Salem, F. A. Eyssel, K. Rohlfing, S. Kopp, and F. Joublin, “To err is
human (-like): Effects of robot gesture on perceived anthropomorphism and likeability,”
International Journal of Social Robotics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 313–323, 2013,
doi: 10.1007/s12369-013-0196-9.'
mla: 'Salem, Maha, et al. “To Err Is Human (-like): Effects of Robot Gesture on
Perceived Anthropomorphism and Likeability.” International Journal of Social
Robotics, vol. 5, no. 3, Springer , 2013, pp. 313–23, doi:10.1007/s12369-013-0196-9.'
short: M. Salem, F.A. Eyssel, K. Rohlfing, S. Kopp, F. Joublin, International Journal
of Social Robotics 5 (2013) 313–323.
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:01:22Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T16:12:19Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-013-0196-9
intvolume: ' 5'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 313-323
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1875-4805
publisher: 'Springer '
status: public
title: 'To err is human (-like): Effects of robot gesture on perceived anthropomorphism
and likeability'
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
volume: 5
year: '2013'
...
---
_id: '17225'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: How is communicative gesture behavior in robots perceived by humans? Although
gesture is crucial in social interaction, this research question is still largely
unexplored in the field of social robotics. Thus, the main objective of the present
work is to investigate how gestural machine behaviors can be used to design more
natural communication in social robots. The chosen approach is twofold. Firstly,
the technical challenges encountered when implementing a speech-gesture generation
model on a robotic platform are tackled. We present a framework that enables the
humanoid robot to flexibly produce synthetic speech and co-verbal hand and arm
gestures at run-time, while not being limited to a predefined repertoire of motor
actions. Secondly, the achieved flexibility in robot gesture is exploited in controlled
experiments. To gain a deeper understanding of how communicative robot gesture
might impact and shape human perception and evaluation of human-robot interaction,
we conducted a between-subjects experimental study using the humanoid robot in
a joint task scenario. We manipulated the non-verbal behaviors of the robot in
three experimental conditions, so that it would refer to objects by utilizing
either (1) unimodal (i.e., speech only) utterances, (2) congruent multimodal (i.e.,
semantically matching speech and gesture) or (3) incongruent multimodal (i.e.,
semantically non-matching speech and gesture) utterances. Our findings reveal
that the robot is evaluated more positively when non-verbal behaviors such as
hand and arm gestures are displayed along with speech, even if they do not semantically
match the spoken utterance.
author:
- first_name: Maha
full_name: Salem, Maha
last_name: Salem
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Kopp, Stefan
last_name: Kopp
- first_name: Ipke
full_name: Wachsmuth, Ipke
last_name: Wachsmuth
- first_name: Katharina
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Joublin, Frank
last_name: Joublin
citation:
ama: Salem M, Kopp S, Wachsmuth I, Rohlfing K, Joublin F. Generation and evaluation
of communicative robot gesture. International Journal of Social Robotics, Special
Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions. 2012;4(2):201-217. doi:10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9
apa: Salem, M., Kopp, S., Wachsmuth, I., Rohlfing, K., & Joublin, F. (2012).
Generation and evaluation of communicative robot gesture. International Journal
of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions,
4(2), 201–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9
bibtex: '@article{Salem_Kopp_Wachsmuth_Rohlfing_Joublin_2012, title={Generation
and evaluation of communicative robot gesture}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9},
number={2}, journal={International Journal of Social Robotics, Special Issue on
Expectations, Intentions, and Actions}, publisher={Springer Science + Business
Media}, author={Salem, Maha and Kopp, Stefan and Wachsmuth, Ipke and Rohlfing,
Katharina and Joublin, Frank}, year={2012}, pages={201–217} }'
chicago: 'Salem, Maha, Stefan Kopp, Ipke Wachsmuth, Katharina Rohlfing, and Frank
Joublin. “Generation and Evaluation of Communicative Robot Gesture.” International
Journal of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions
4, no. 2 (2012): 201–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9.'
ieee: 'M. Salem, S. Kopp, I. Wachsmuth, K. Rohlfing, and F. Joublin, “Generation
and evaluation of communicative robot gesture,” International Journal of Social
Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions, vol. 4,
no. 2, pp. 201–217, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9.'
mla: Salem, Maha, et al. “Generation and Evaluation of Communicative Robot Gesture.”
International Journal of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions,
and Actions, vol. 4, no. 2, Springer Science + Business Media, 2012, pp. 201–17,
doi:10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9.
short: M. Salem, S. Kopp, I. Wachsmuth, K. Rohlfing, F. Joublin, International Journal
of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions 4 (2012)
201–217.
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:01:48Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T16:21:50Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9
intvolume: ' 4'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Social Human-Robot Interaction
- Multimodal Interaction and Conversational Skills
- Robot Companions and Social Robots
- Non-verbal Cues and Expressiveness
language:
- iso: eng
page: 201-217
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations,
Intentions, and Actions
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1875-4805
publisher: Springer Science + Business Media
status: public
title: Generation and evaluation of communicative robot gesture
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
volume: 4
year: '2012'
...
---
_id: '17428'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: How is communicative gesture behavior in robots perceived by humans? Although
gesture is crucial in social interaction, this research question is still largely
unexplored in the field of social robotics. Thus, the main objective of the present
work is to investigate how gestural machine behaviors can be used to design more
natural communication in social robots. The chosen approach is twofold. Firstly,
the technical challenges encountered when implementing a speech-gesture generation
model on a robotic platform are tackled. We present a framework that enables the
humanoid robot to flexibly produce synthetic speech and co-verbal hand and arm
gestures at run-time, while not being limited to a predefined repertoire of motor
actions. Secondly, the achieved flexibility in robot gesture is exploited in controlled
experiments. To gain a deeper understanding of how communicative robot gesture
might impact and shape human perception and evaluation of human-robot interaction,
we conducted a between-subjects experimental study using the humanoid robot in
a joint task scenario. We manipulated the non-verbal behaviors of the robot in
three experimental conditions, so that it would refer to objects by utilizing
either (1) unimodal (i.e., speech only) utterances, (2) congruent multimodal (i.e.,
semantically matching speech and gesture) or (3) incongruent multimodal (i.e.,
semantically non-matching speech and gesture) utterances. Our findings reveal
that the robot is evaluated more positively when non-verbal behaviors such as
hand and arm gestures are displayed along with speech, even if they do not semantically
match the spoken utterance.
author:
- first_name: Maha
full_name: Salem, Maha
last_name: Salem
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Kopp, Stefan
last_name: Kopp
- first_name: Ipke
full_name: Wachsmuth, Ipke
last_name: Wachsmuth
- first_name: Katharina
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Joublin, Frank
last_name: Joublin
citation:
ama: Salem M, Kopp S, Wachsmuth I, Rohlfing K, Joublin F. Generation and evaluation
of communicative robot gesture. International Journal of Social Robotics, Special
Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions. 2012;4(2):201-217. doi:10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9
apa: Salem, M., Kopp, S., Wachsmuth, I., Rohlfing, K., & Joublin, F. (2012).
Generation and evaluation of communicative robot gesture. International Journal
of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions,
4(2), 201–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9
bibtex: '@article{Salem_Kopp_Wachsmuth_Rohlfing_Joublin_2012, title={Generation
and evaluation of communicative robot gesture}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9},
number={2}, journal={International Journal of Social Robotics, Special Issue on
Expectations, Intentions, and Actions}, publisher={Springer Science + Business
Media}, author={Salem, Maha and Kopp, Stefan and Wachsmuth, Ipke and Rohlfing,
Katharina and Joublin, Frank}, year={2012}, pages={201–217} }'
chicago: 'Salem, Maha, Stefan Kopp, Ipke Wachsmuth, Katharina Rohlfing, and Frank
Joublin. “Generation and Evaluation of Communicative Robot Gesture.” International
Journal of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions
4, no. 2 (2012): 201–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9.'
ieee: 'M. Salem, S. Kopp, I. Wachsmuth, K. Rohlfing, and F. Joublin, “Generation
and evaluation of communicative robot gesture,” International Journal of Social
Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions, vol. 4,
no. 2, pp. 201–217, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9.'
mla: Salem, Maha, et al. “Generation and Evaluation of Communicative Robot Gesture.”
International Journal of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions,
and Actions, vol. 4, no. 2, Springer Science + Business Media, 2012, pp. 201–17,
doi:10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9.
short: M. Salem, S. Kopp, I. Wachsmuth, K. Rohlfing, F. Joublin, International Journal
of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations, Intentions, and Actions 4 (2012)
201–217.
date_created: 2020-07-28T11:44:02Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T12:52:23Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9
intvolume: ' 4'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Social Human-Robot Interaction
- Multimodal Interaction and Conversational Skills
- Robot Companions and Social Robots
- Non-verbal Cues and Expressiveness
language:
- iso: eng
page: 201-217
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics, Special Issue on Expectations,
Intentions, and Actions
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1875-4805
publisher: Springer Science + Business Media
status: public
title: Generation and evaluation of communicative robot gesture
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
volume: 4
year: '2012'
...
---
_id: '17216'
author:
- first_name: Katrin Solveig
full_name: Lohan, Katrin Solveig
last_name: Lohan
- first_name: Katharina
full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
id: '50352'
last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Karola
full_name: Pitsch, Karola
last_name: Pitsch
- first_name: Joe
full_name: Saunders, Joe
last_name: Saunders
- first_name: Hagen
full_name: Lehmann, Hagen
last_name: Lehmann
- first_name: Chrystopher L.
full_name: Nehaniv, Chrystopher L.
last_name: Nehaniv
- first_name: Kerstin
full_name: Fischer, Kerstin
last_name: Fischer
- first_name: Britta
full_name: Wrede, Britta
last_name: Wrede
citation:
ama: 'Lohan KS, Rohlfing K, Pitsch K, et al. Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature
set and evaluating it in a robotic system. International Journal of Social
Robotics. 2012;4(2):131-146. doi:10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8'
apa: 'Lohan, K. S., Rohlfing, K., Pitsch, K., Saunders, J., Lehmann, H., Nehaniv,
C. L., Fischer, K., & Wrede, B. (2012). Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature
set and evaluating it in a robotic system. International Journal of Social
Robotics, 4(2), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8'
bibtex: '@article{Lohan_Rohlfing_Pitsch_Saunders_Lehmann_Nehaniv_Fischer_Wrede_2012,
title={Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature set and evaluating it in a robotic system},
volume={4}, DOI={10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8},
number={2}, journal={International Journal of Social Robotics}, publisher={Springer
Science + Business Media}, author={Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Rohlfing, Katharina
and Pitsch, Karola and Saunders, Joe and Lehmann, Hagen and Nehaniv, Chrystopher
L. and Fischer, Kerstin and Wrede, Britta}, year={2012}, pages={131–146} }'
chicago: 'Lohan, Katrin Solveig, Katharina Rohlfing, Karola Pitsch, Joe Saunders,
Hagen Lehmann, Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, Kerstin Fischer, and Britta Wrede. “Tutor
Spotter: Proposing a Feature Set and Evaluating It in a Robotic System.” International
Journal of Social Robotics 4, no. 2 (2012): 131–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8.'
ieee: 'K. S. Lohan et al., “Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature set and evaluating
it in a robotic system,” International Journal of Social Robotics, vol.
4, no. 2, pp. 131–146, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8.'
mla: 'Lohan, Katrin Solveig, et al. “Tutor Spotter: Proposing a Feature Set and
Evaluating It in a Robotic System.” International Journal of Social Robotics,
vol. 4, no. 2, Springer Science + Business Media, 2012, pp. 131–46, doi:10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8.'
short: K.S. Lohan, K. Rohlfing, K. Pitsch, J. Saunders, H. Lehmann, C.L. Nehaniv,
K. Fischer, B. Wrede, International Journal of Social Robotics 4 (2012) 131–146.
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:01:37Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T16:18:22Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8
intvolume: ' 4'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Social Robots
- Contingency
language:
- iso: eng
page: 131-146
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1875-4805
publisher: Springer Science + Business Media
status: public
title: 'Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature set and evaluating it in a robotic system'
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
volume: 4
year: '2012'
...