---
_id: '52372'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Due to the hydrolytic instability of LiPF6 in carbonate-based solvents, HF
    is a typical impurity in Li-ion battery electrolytes. HF significantly influences
    the performance of Li-ion batteries, for example by impacting the formation of
    the solid electrolyte interphase at the anode and by affecting transition metal
    dissolution at the cathode. Additionally, HF complicates studying fundamental
    interfacial electrochemistry of Li-ion battery electrolytes, such as direct anion
    reduction, because it is electrocatalytically relatively unstable, resulting in
    LiF passivation layers. Methods to selectively remove ppm levels of HF from LiPF6-containing
    carbonate-based electrolytes are limited. We introduce and benchmark a simple
    yet efficient electrochemical in situ method to selectively remove ppm amounts
    of HF from LiPF6-containing carbonate-based electrolytes. The basic idea is the
    application of a suitable potential to a high surface-area metallic electrode
    upon which only HF reacts (electrocatalytically) while all other electrolyte components
    are unaffected under the respective conditions.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Xiaokun
  full_name: Ge, Xiaokun
  last_name: Ge
- first_name: Marten
  full_name: Huck, Marten
  last_name: Huck
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Kuhlmann, Andreas
  last_name: Kuhlmann
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Tiemann, Michael
  id: '23547'
  last_name: Tiemann
  orcid: 0000-0003-1711-2722
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Weinberger, Christian
  id: '11848'
  last_name: Weinberger
- first_name: Xiaodan
  full_name: Xu, Xiaodan
  last_name: Xu
- first_name: Zhenyu
  full_name: Zhao, Zhenyu
  last_name: Zhao
- first_name: Hans-Georg
  full_name: Steinrueck, Hans-Georg
  last_name: Steinrueck
citation:
  ama: Ge X, Huck M, Kuhlmann A, et al. Electrochemical Removal of HF from Carbonate-based
    LiPF6-containing Li-ion Battery Electrolytes. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>. 2024;171:030552. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3">10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3</a>
  apa: Ge, X., Huck, M., Kuhlmann, A., Tiemann, M., Weinberger, C., Xu, X., Zhao,
    Z., &#38; Steinrueck, H.-G. (2024). Electrochemical Removal of HF from Carbonate-based
    LiPF6-containing Li-ion Battery Electrolytes. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>, <i>171</i>, 030552. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Ge_Huck_Kuhlmann_Tiemann_Weinberger_Xu_Zhao_Steinrueck_2024, title={Electrochemical
    Removal of HF from Carbonate-based LiPF6-containing Li-ion Battery Electrolytes},
    volume={171}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3">10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3</a>},
    journal={Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, publisher={The Electrochemical
    Society}, author={Ge, Xiaokun and Huck, Marten and Kuhlmann, Andreas and Tiemann,
    Michael and Weinberger, Christian and Xu, Xiaodan and Zhao, Zhenyu and Steinrueck,
    Hans-Georg}, year={2024}, pages={030552} }'
  chicago: 'Ge, Xiaokun, Marten Huck, Andreas Kuhlmann, Michael Tiemann, Christian
    Weinberger, Xiaodan Xu, Zhenyu Zhao, and Hans-Georg Steinrueck. “Electrochemical
    Removal of HF from Carbonate-Based LiPF6-Containing Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes.”
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i> 171 (2024): 030552. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3</a>.'
  ieee: 'X. Ge <i>et al.</i>, “Electrochemical Removal of HF from Carbonate-based
    LiPF6-containing Li-ion Battery Electrolytes,” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>, vol. 171, p. 030552, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3">10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3</a>.'
  mla: Ge, Xiaokun, et al. “Electrochemical Removal of HF from Carbonate-Based LiPF6-Containing
    Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol.
    171, The Electrochemical Society, 2024, p. 030552, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3">10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3</a>.
  short: X. Ge, M. Huck, A. Kuhlmann, M. Tiemann, C. Weinberger, X. Xu, Z. Zhao, H.-G.
    Steinrueck, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171 (2024) 030552.
date_created: 2024-03-08T06:27:10Z
date_updated: 2024-03-25T17:01:09Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '2'
- _id: '307'
doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3
intvolume: '       171'
keyword:
- Materials Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Surfaces
- Coatings and Films
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Renewable Energy
- Sustainability and the Environment
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad30d3
oa: '1'
page: '030552'
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
  - 1945-7111
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Electrochemical Removal of HF from Carbonate-based LiPF6-containing Li-ion
  Battery Electrolytes
type: journal_article
user_id: '23547'
volume: 171
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '40981'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Room temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries are considered potential
    candidates for stationary power storage applications due to their low cost, broad
    active material availability and low toxicity. Challenges, such as high volume
    expansion of the S-cathode upon discharge, low electronic conductivity of S as
    active material and herewith limited rate capability as well as the shuttling
    of polysulfides (PSs) as intermediates often impede the cycle stability and practical
    application of Na-S batteries. Sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile) (SPAN) inherently
    inhibits the shuttling of PSs and shows compatibility with carbonate-based electrolytes,
    however, its exact redox mechanism remained unclear to date. Herein, we implement
    a commercially available and simple electrolyte into the Na-SPAN cell chemistry
    and demonstrate its high rate and cycle stability. Through the application of
    in situ techniques utilizing electronic impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray
    absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at different depths of charge and discharge, an
    insight into SPAN’s redox chemistry is obtained.
article_number: '010526'
author:
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Kappler, Julian
  last_name: Kappler
- first_name: Güldeniz
  full_name: Tonbul, Güldeniz
  id: '89054'
  last_name: Tonbul
  orcid: 0000-0002-0999-9995
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Schoch, Roland
  id: '48467'
  last_name: Schoch
  orcid: 0000-0003-2061-7289
- first_name: Saravanakumar
  full_name: Murugan, Saravanakumar
  last_name: Murugan
- first_name: Michał
  full_name: Nowakowski, Michał
  id: '78878'
  last_name: Nowakowski
  orcid: 0000-0002-3734-7011
- first_name: Pia Lena
  full_name: Lange, Pia Lena
  last_name: Lange
- first_name: Sina Vanessa
  full_name: Klostermann, Sina Vanessa
  last_name: Klostermann
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Bauer, Matthias
  id: '47241'
  last_name: Bauer
  orcid: 0000-0002-9294-6076
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Schleid, Thomas
  last_name: Schleid
- first_name: Johannes
  full_name: Kästner, Johannes
  last_name: Kästner
- first_name: Michael Rudolf
  full_name: Buchmeiser, Michael Rudolf
  last_name: Buchmeiser
citation:
  ama: Kappler J, Tonbul G, Schoch R, et al. Understanding the Redox Mechanism of
    Sulfurized Poly(acrylonitrile) as Highly Rate and Cycle Stable Cathode Material
    for Sodium-Sulfur Batteries. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. 2023;170(1).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa">10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa</a>
  apa: Kappler, J., Tonbul, G., Schoch, R., Murugan, S., Nowakowski, M., Lange, P.
    L., Klostermann, S. V., Bauer, M., Schleid, T., Kästner, J., &#38; Buchmeiser,
    M. R. (2023). Understanding the Redox Mechanism of Sulfurized Poly(acrylonitrile)
    as Highly Rate and Cycle Stable Cathode Material for Sodium-Sulfur Batteries.
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, <i>170</i>(1), Article 010526.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Kappler_Tonbul_Schoch_Murugan_Nowakowski_Lange_Klostermann_Bauer_Schleid_Kästner_et
    al._2023, title={Understanding the Redox Mechanism of Sulfurized Poly(acrylonitrile)
    as Highly Rate and Cycle Stable Cathode Material for Sodium-Sulfur Batteries},
    volume={170}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa">10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa</a>},
    number={1010526}, journal={Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, publisher={The
    Electrochemical Society}, author={Kappler, Julian and Tonbul, Güldeniz and Schoch,
    Roland and Murugan, Saravanakumar and Nowakowski, Michał and Lange, Pia Lena and
    Klostermann, Sina Vanessa and Bauer, Matthias and Schleid, Thomas and Kästner,
    Johannes and et al.}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: Kappler, Julian, Güldeniz Tonbul, Roland Schoch, Saravanakumar Murugan,
    Michał Nowakowski, Pia Lena Lange, Sina Vanessa Klostermann, et al. “Understanding
    the Redox Mechanism of Sulfurized Poly(Acrylonitrile) as Highly Rate and Cycle
    Stable Cathode Material for Sodium-Sulfur Batteries.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i> 170, no. 1 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa</a>.
  ieee: 'J. Kappler <i>et al.</i>, “Understanding the Redox Mechanism of Sulfurized
    Poly(acrylonitrile) as Highly Rate and Cycle Stable Cathode Material for Sodium-Sulfur
    Batteries,” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 170, no. 1, Art.
    no. 010526, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa">10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa</a>.'
  mla: Kappler, Julian, et al. “Understanding the Redox Mechanism of Sulfurized Poly(Acrylonitrile)
    as Highly Rate and Cycle Stable Cathode Material for Sodium-Sulfur Batteries.”
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 170, no. 1, 010526, The Electrochemical
    Society, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa">10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa</a>.
  short: J. Kappler, G. Tonbul, R. Schoch, S. Murugan, M. Nowakowski, P.L. Lange,
    S.V. Klostermann, M. Bauer, T. Schleid, J. Kästner, M.R. Buchmeiser, Journal of
    The Electrochemical Society 170 (2023).
date_created: 2023-01-30T16:08:15Z
date_updated: 2023-05-03T08:27:13Z
department:
- _id: '35'
- _id: '306'
doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/acb2fa
intvolume: '       170'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Materials Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Surfaces
- Coatings and Films
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Renewable Energy
- Sustainability and the Environment
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
  - 1945-7111
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
status: public
title: Understanding the Redox Mechanism of Sulfurized Poly(acrylonitrile) as Highly
  Rate and Cycle Stable Cathode Material for Sodium-Sulfur Batteries
type: journal_article
user_id: '89054'
volume: 170
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '30920'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:p>Batteries capable
    of extreme fast-charging (XFC) are a necessity for the deployment of electric
    vehicles. Material properties of electrodes and electrolytes along with cell parameters
    such as stack pressure and temperature have coupled, synergistic, and sometimes
    deleterious effects on fast-charging performance. We develop a new experimental
    testbed that allows precise and conformal application of electrode stack pressure.
    We focus on cell capacity degradation using single-layer pouch cells with graphite
    anodes, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) cathodes, and carbonate-based electrolyte.
    In the tested range (10 – 125 psi), cells cycled at higher pressure show higher
    capacity and less capacity fading. Additionally, Li plating decreases with increasing
    pressure as observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical imaging.
    While the loss of Li inventory from Li plating is the largest contributor to capacity
    fade, electrochemical and SEM examination of the NMC cathodes after XFC experiments
    show increased secondary particle damage at lower pressure. We infer that the
    better performance at higher pressure is due to more homogenous reactions of active
    materials across the electrode and less polarization through the electrode thickness.
    Our study emphasizes the importance of electrode stack pressure in XFC batteries
    and highlights its subtle role in cell conditions.</jats:p>"
author:
- first_name: Chuntian
  full_name: Cao, Chuntian
  last_name: Cao
- first_name: Hans-Georg
  full_name: Steinrück, Hans-Georg
  id: '84268'
  last_name: Steinrück
  orcid: 0000-0001-6373-0877
- first_name: Partha P
  full_name: Paul, Partha P
  last_name: Paul
- first_name: Alison R.
  full_name: Dunlop, Alison R.
  last_name: Dunlop
- first_name: Stephen E.
  full_name: Trask, Stephen E.
  last_name: Trask
- first_name: Andrew
  full_name: Jansen, Andrew
  last_name: Jansen
- first_name: Robert M
  full_name: Kasse, Robert M
  last_name: Kasse
- first_name: Vivek
  full_name: Thampy, Vivek
  last_name: Thampy
- first_name: Maha
  full_name: Yusuf, Maha
  last_name: Yusuf
- first_name: Johanna
  full_name: Nelson Weker, Johanna
  last_name: Nelson Weker
- first_name: Badri
  full_name: Shyam, Badri
  last_name: Shyam
- first_name: Ram
  full_name: Subbaraman, Ram
  last_name: Subbaraman
- first_name: Kelly
  full_name: Davis, Kelly
  last_name: Davis
- first_name: Christina M
  full_name: Johnston, Christina M
  last_name: Johnston
- first_name: Christopher J
  full_name: Takacs, Christopher J
  last_name: Takacs
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Toney, Michael
  last_name: Toney
citation:
  ama: Cao C, Steinrück H-G, Paul PP, et al. Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging
    Li-Ion Batteries. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. 2022;169:040540.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f">10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f</a>
  apa: Cao, C., Steinrück, H.-G., Paul, P. P., Dunlop, A. R., Trask, S. E., Jansen,
    A., Kasse, R. M., Thampy, V., Yusuf, M., Nelson Weker, J., Shyam, B., Subbaraman,
    R., Davis, K., Johnston, C. M., Takacs, C. J., &#38; Toney, M. (2022). Conformal
    Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical
    Society</i>, <i>169</i>, 040540. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Cao_Steinrück_Paul_Dunlop_Trask_Jansen_Kasse_Thampy_Yusuf_Nelson
    Weker_et al._2022, title={Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries},
    volume={169}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f">10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f</a>},
    journal={Journal of The Electrochemical Society}, publisher={The Electrochemical
    Society}, author={Cao, Chuntian and Steinrück, Hans-Georg and Paul, Partha P and
    Dunlop, Alison R. and Trask, Stephen E. and Jansen, Andrew and Kasse, Robert M
    and Thampy, Vivek and Yusuf, Maha and Nelson Weker, Johanna and et al.}, year={2022},
    pages={040540} }'
  chicago: 'Cao, Chuntian, Hans-Georg Steinrück, Partha P Paul, Alison R. Dunlop,
    Stephen E. Trask, Andrew Jansen, Robert M Kasse, et al. “Conformal Pressure and
    Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>
    169 (2022): 040540. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f</a>.'
  ieee: 'C. Cao <i>et al.</i>, “Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries,”
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 169, p. 040540, 2022, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f">10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f</a>.'
  mla: Cao, Chuntian, et al. “Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries.”
    <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 169, The Electrochemical Society,
    2022, p. 040540, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f">10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f</a>.
  short: C. Cao, H.-G. Steinrück, P.P. Paul, A.R. Dunlop, S.E. Trask, A. Jansen, R.M.
    Kasse, V. Thampy, M. Yusuf, J. Nelson Weker, B. Shyam, R. Subbaraman, K. Davis,
    C.M. Johnston, C.J. Takacs, M. Toney, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169
    (2022) 040540.
date_created: 2022-04-20T06:37:40Z
date_updated: 2022-04-20T06:38:37Z
department:
- _id: '633'
doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac653f
intvolume: '       169'
keyword:
- Materials Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Surfaces
- Coatings and Films
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Renewable Energy
- Sustainability and the Environment
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
language:
- iso: eng
page: '040540'
publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0013-4651
  - 1945-7111
publication_status: published
publisher: The Electrochemical Society
status: public
title: Conformal Pressure and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries
type: journal_article
user_id: '84268'
volume: 169
year: '2022'
...