TY - JOUR AB - AbstractLow socio-economic status is associated with higher SARS-CoV-2 incidences. In this paper we study whether this is a result of differences in (1) the frequency, (2) intensity, and/or (3) duration of local SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks depending on the local housing situations. So far, there is not clear evidence which of the three factors dominates. Using small-scale data from neighborhoods in the German city Essen and a flexible estimation approach which does not require prior knowledge about specific transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, behavioral responses or other potential model parameters, we find evidence for the last of the three hypotheses. Outbreaks do not happen more often in less well-off areas or are more severe (in terms of the number of cases), but they last longer. This indicates that the socio-economic gradient in infection levels is at least in parts a result of a more sustained spread of infections in neighborhoods with worse housing conditions after local outbreaks and suggests that in case of an epidemic allocating scarce resources in containment measures to areas with poor housing conditions might have the greatest benefit. AU - Freise, Diana AU - Schiele, Valentin AU - Schmitz, Hendrik ID - 46971 IS - 1 JF - Scientific Reports KW - Multidisciplinary SN - 2045-2322 TI - Housing situations and local COVID-19 infection dynamics using small-area data VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR AB - AbstractThe interaction of acute exercise and the central nervous system evokes increasing interest in interdisciplinary research fields of neuroscience. Novel approaches allow to monitor large-scale brain networks from mobile electroencephalography (EEG) applying graph theory, but it is yet uncertain whether brain graphs extracted after exercise are reliable. We therefore aimed to investigate brain graph reliability extracted from resting state EEG data before and after submaximal exercise twice within one week in male participants. To obtain graph measures, we extracted global small-world-index (SWI), clustering coefficient (CC) and characteristic path length (PL) based on weighted phase leg index (wPLI) and spectral coherence (Coh) calculation. For reliability analysis, Intraclass-Correlation-Coefficient (ICC) and Coefficient of Variation (CoV) were computed for graph measures before (REST) and after POST) exercise. Overall results revealed poor to excellent measures at PRE and good to excellent ICCs at POST in the theta, alpha-1 and alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 frequency band. Based on bootstrap-analysis, a positive effect of exercise on reliability of wPLI based measures was observed, while exercise induced a negative effect on reliability of Coh-based graph measures. Findings indicate that brain graphs are a reliable tool to analyze brain networks in exercise contexts, which might be related to the neuroregulating effect of exercise inducing functional connections within the connectome. Relative and absolute reliability demonstrated good to excellent reliability after exercise. Chosen graph measures may not only allow analysis of acute, but also longitudinal studies in exercise-scientific contexts. AU - Büchel, Daniel AU - Lehmann, Tim AU - Sandbakk, Øyvind AU - Baumeister, Jochen ID - 26719 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - EEG-derived brain graphs are reliable measures for exploring exercise-induced changes in brain networks ER - TY - JOUR AB - AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder and often associated with altered humoral immune responses. However, distinct B cell maturation stages in peripheral blood in adolescents with AN have not been characterized. Treatment effects and the relationship between clinical and B cell parameters are also not fully understood. Here we investigated the phenotype of circulating B cell subsets and the relationship with body composition in adolescents with AN before (T0, n = 24) and after 6 weeks (T1, n = 20) of treatment. Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we found increased percentages of antigen-experienced B cells and plasmablasts in patients with AN compared to healthy controls (n = 20). In contrast, percentages of CD1d+CD5+ B cells and transitional B cells with immunoregulatory roles were reduced at T0 and T1. These B cell frequencies correlated positively with fat mass, fat mass index (FMI), free fat mass index, and body mass index standard deviation score. In addition, scavenger-like receptor CD5 expression levels were downregulated on transitional B cells and correlated with fat mass and FMI in AN. Our findings that regulatory B cell subgroups were reduced in AN and their strong relationship with body composition parameters point toward an impact of immunoregulatory B cells in the pathogenesis of AN. AU - Freff, Jana AU - Schwarte, Kathrin AU - Bröker, Lisa AU - Bühlmeier, Judith AU - Kraft, Isabelle AU - Öztürk, Dana AU - Hinney, Anke AU - Arolt, Volker AU - Dannlowski, Udo AU - Romer, Georg AU - Baune, Bernhard T. AU - Hebebrand, Johannes AU - Föcker, Manuel AU - Alferink, Judith ID - 26632 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - Alterations in B cell subsets correlate with body composition parameters in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa ER - TY - JOUR AB - AbstractVibrational sum-frequency generation (vSFG) spectroscopy allows the study of the structure and dynamics of interfacial systems. In the present work, we provide a simple recipe, based on a narrowband IR pump and broadband vSFG probe technique, to computationally obtain the two-dimensional vSFG spectrum of water molecules at the air–water interface. Using this technique, to study the time-dependent spectral evolution of hydrogen-bonded and free water molecules, we demonstrate that at the interface, the vibrational spectral dynamics of the free OH bond is faster than that of the bonded OH mode. AU - Ojha, Deepak AU - Kühne, Thomas ID - 33645 IS - 1 JF - Scientific Reports KW - Multidisciplinary SN - 2045-2322 TI - Hydrogen bond dynamics of interfacial water molecules revealed from two-dimensional vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Büchel, Daniel AU - Lehmann, Tim AU - Sandbakk, Øyvind AU - Baumeister, Jochen ID - 35626 IS - 1 JF - Scientific Reports KW - Multidisciplinary SN - 2045-2322 TI - EEG‑derived brain graphs are reliable measures for exploring exercise‑induced changes in brain networks VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AB - AbstractA detailed investigation of the energy levels of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetraethylester as a representative compound for the whole family of perylene esters was performed. It was revealed via electrochemical measurements that one oxidation and two reductions take place. The bandgaps determined via the electrochemical approach are in good agreement with the optical bandgap obtained from the absorption spectra via a Tauc plot. In addition, absorption spectra in dependence of the electrochemical potential were the basis for extensive quantum-chemical calculations of the neutral, monoanionic, and dianionic molecules. For this purpose, calculations based on density functional theory were compared with post-Hartree–Fock methods and the CAM-B3LYP functional proved to be the most reliable choice for the calculation of absorption spectra. Furthermore, spectral features found experimentally could be reproduced with vibronic calculations and allowed to understand their origins. In particular, the two lowest energy absorption bands of the anion are not caused by absorption of two distinct electronic states, which might have been expected from vertical excitation calculations, but both states exhibit a strong vibronic progression resulting in contributions to both bands. AU - Wiebeler, Christian AU - Vollbrecht, Joachim AU - Neuba, Adam AU - Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried AU - Schumacher, Stefan ID - 39653 IS - 1 JF - Scientific Reports KW - Multidisciplinary SN - 2045-2322 TI - Unraveling the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of neutral and negatively charged perylene tetraethylesters VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AB - AbstractQuantum well (QW) heterostructures have been extensively used for the realization of a wide range of optical and electronic devices. Exploiting their potential for further improvement and development requires a fundamental understanding of their electronic structure. So far, the most commonly used experimental techniques for this purpose have been all-optical spectroscopy methods that, however, are generally averaging in momentum space. Additional information can be gained by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), which measures the electronic structure with momentum resolution. Here we report on the use of extremely low-energy ARPES (photon energy ~ 7 eV) to increase depth sensitivity and access buried QW states, located at 3 nm and 6 nm below the surface of cubic-GaN/AlN and GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures, respectively. We find that the QW states in cubic-GaN/AlN can indeed be observed, but not their energy dispersion, because of the high surface roughness. The GaAs/AlGaAs QW states, on the other hand, are buried too deep to be detected by extremely low-energy ARPES. Since the sample surface is much flatter, the ARPES spectra of the GaAs/AlGaAs show distinct features in momentum space, which can be reconducted to the band structure of the topmost surface layer of the QW structure. Our results provide important information about the samples’ properties required to perform extremely low-energy ARPES experiments on electronic states buried in semiconductor heterostructures. AU - Hajlaoui, Mahdi AU - Ponzoni, Stefano AU - Deppe, Michael AU - Henksmeier, Tobias AU - As, Donat Josef AU - Reuter, Dirk AU - Zentgraf, Thomas AU - Springholz, Gunther AU - Schneider, Claus Michael AU - Cramm, Stefan AU - Cinchetti, Mirko ID - 25227 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - Extremely low-energy ARPES of quantum well states in cubic-GaN/AlN and GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vieluf, S AU - Reinsberger, Claus AU - El Atrache, R AU - Jackson, M AU - Schubach, S AU - Ufongene, C AU - Loddenkemper, T AU - Meisel, C ID - 31711 IS - 1 JF - Sci Rep SN - 2045-2322 TI - Autonomic nervous system changes detected with peripheral sensors in the setting of epileptic seizures. VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR AB - AbstractIn three experiments, we investigated the effect of unconscious social priming on human behavior in a choice reaction time task. Photographs of a basketball player passing a ball to the left/right were used as target stimuli. Participants had to respond to the pass direction either by a whole-body (complex) response or a button-press (simple) response. Visually masked stimuli, showing both a task-relevant cue (pass direction) and a task-irrelevant, social cue (gaze direction), were used as primes. Subliminal social priming was found for kinematic (center of pressure) and chronometric measures (response times): gaze direction in the primes affected responses to the pass direction in the targets. The social priming effect diminished when gaze information was unhelpful or even detrimental to the task. Social priming of a complex behavior does not require awareness or intentionality, indicating automatic processing. Nevertheless, it can be controlled by top-down, strategic processes. AU - Schütz, Christoph AU - Güldenpenning, Iris AU - Koester, Dirk AU - Schack, Thomas ID - 37605 JF - Scientific Reports KW - Multidisciplinary SN - 2045-2322 TI - Social cues can impact complex behavior unconsciously VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guevara-Carrion, Gabriela AU - Ancherbak, Sergiy AU - Mialdun, Aliaksandr AU - Vrabec, Jadran AU - Shevtsova, Valentina ID - 13270 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - Diffusion of Methane in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Across the Widom Line VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elgabarty, Hossam AU - Kaliannan, Naveen Kaliannan AU - Kühne, Thomas ID - 34303 IS - 1 JF - Scientific Reports KW - Multidisciplinary SN - 2045-2322 TI - Enhancement of the local asymmetry in the hydrogen bond network of liquid water by an ultrafast electric field pulse VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolk, Andreas AU - Rosenthal, Marta AU - Neuhaus, Stephan AU - Huber, Klaus AU - Brassat, Katharina AU - Lindner, Jörg K. N. AU - Grothe, Richard AU - Grundmeier, Guido AU - Bremser, Wolfgang AU - Wilhelm, René ID - 25304 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - A Novel Lubricant Based on Covalent Functionalized Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolk, Andreas AU - Rosenthal, Marta AU - Neuhaus, Stephan AU - Huber, Klaus AU - Brassat, Katharina AU - Lindner, Jörg K. N. AU - Grothe, Richard AU - Grundmeier, Guido AU - Bremser, Wolfgang AU - Wilhelm, René ID - 22840 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - A Novel Lubricant Based on Covalent Functionalized Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dodecyl amine edge functionalized few-layer graphene oxide quantum dots were synthesized in good yields. The covalent functionalization was demonstrated with NMR and AFM-IR. The resulting structure and particle size was measured with AFM and HRTEM. The thermal stability of the compound was investigated and showed a stability of up to 220 °C. The modified graphene oxide quantum dots showed excellent solubility in various organic solvents, including ethers, methanol, toluene, n-hexane, heptane, xylene, dichloromethane and toluene. The stability of a resulting toluene solution was also proven by static light scattering measurements over several days. The excellent solubility gives the possibility of an efficient and fast spray application of the functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots to steel surfaces. Hence, the macroscopic friction behavior was investigated with a Thwing-Albert FP-2250 friction tester. A thin film of the dodecyl amine functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots on steel lowered the friction coefficient from 0.17 to 0.11 and revealed a significant corrosion inhibition effect. AU - Wolk, Andreas AU - Rosenthal, Marta AU - Neuhaus, Stephan AU - Huber, Klaus AU - Brassat, Katharina AU - Lindner, Jörg AU - Grothe, Richard AU - Grundmeier, Guido AU - Bremser, Wolfgang AU - Wilhelm, René ID - 3923 IS - 1 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - A Novel Lubricant Based on Covalent Functionalized Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Belobo, D. Belobo AU - Meier, T. ID - 13902 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - Exotic complexes in one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolk, Andreas AU - Rosenthal, Marta AU - Neuhaus, Stephan AU - Huber, Klaus AU - Brassat, Katharina AU - Lindner, Jörg K. N. AU - Grothe, Richard AU - Grundmeier, Guido AU - Bremser, Wolfgang AU - Wilhelm, René ID - 25276 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - A Novel Lubricant Based on Covalent Functionalized Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots ER - TY - JOUR AU - Belobo, D. Belobo AU - Meier, Torsten ID - 4365 IS - 1 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - Exotic complexes in one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cheng, Guo AU - Xue, Hongmei AU - Luo, Jiao AU - Jia, Hong AU - Zhang, Lishi AU - Dai, Junbiao AU - Buyken, Anette ID - 27739 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - Relevance of the dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and genetic predisposition for the glucose homeostasis of Chinese adults without diabetes ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meyer-Scott, Evan AU - Tiedau, Johannes AU - Harder, Georg AU - Shalm, Lynden K. AU - Bartley, Tim ID - 16102 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - Discorrelated quantum states VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Driben, R. AU - Konotop, V. V. AU - Meier, Torsten AU - Yulin, A. V. ID - 13288 IS - 1 JF - Scientific Reports SN - 2045-2322 TI - Bloch oscillations sustained by nonlinearity VL - 7 ER -