[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"89","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41534-026-01250-x.pdf"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x","author":[{"id":"73665","first_name":"Jan-Lucas","orcid":"0009-0008-6524-7684","last_name":"Eickmann","full_name":"Eickmann, Jan-Lucas"},{"id":"36389","first_name":"Kai-Hong","orcid":"0000-0003-1008-4976","last_name":"Luo","full_name":"Luo, Kai-Hong"},{"id":"114114","full_name":"Roiz, Mikhail","last_name":"Roiz","first_name":"Mikhail"},{"first_name":"Jonas","last_name":"Lammers","full_name":"Lammers, Jonas"},{"id":"98338","first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Atzeni","full_name":"Atzeni, Simone"},{"full_name":"Pandey, Cheeranjiv","last_name":"Pandey","first_name":"Cheeranjiv"},{"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Lütkewitte","full_name":"Lütkewitte, Florian"},{"full_name":"Shirazi, Reza G.","first_name":"Reza G.","last_name":"Shirazi"},{"id":"63579","first_name":"Fabian","last_name":"Schlue","full_name":"Schlue, Fabian"},{"last_name":"Brecht","first_name":"Benjamin","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","id":"27150"},{"full_name":"Rybkin, Vladimir V.","last_name":"Rybkin","first_name":"Vladimir V."},{"full_name":"Stefszky, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Stefszky","id":"42777"},{"full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine","id":"26263"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2056-6387"]},"title":"Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson sampling: a photonic hierarchy of approximations for molecular vibronic spectra","year":"2026","article_type":"original","intvolume":"        12","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-06-12T08:28:02Z","date_created":"2026-06-12T08:14:35Z","department":[{"_id":"288"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"}],"type":"journal_article","issue":"1","publication":"npj Quantum Information","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Simulating vibronic spectra is a central task in physical chemistry, offering insight into important properties of molecules. Recently, it has been experimentally demonstrated that photonic platforms based on Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) are capable of performing these simulations. However, whether an actual GBS approach is required depends on the molecule under investigation. To develop a better understanding on the requirements for simulating vibronic spectra, we explore connections between theoretical approximations in physical chemistry and their photonic counterparts. Mapping these approximations into photonics, we show that for certain molecules the GBS approach is unnecessary. We place special emphasis on the linear coupling approximation, which in photonics corresponds to sampling from multiple coherent states. By implementing this approach in experiments, we demonstrate improved similarities over previously reported GBS results for formic acid and identify the particular attributes that a molecule must exhibit for this, and other approximations, to be valid. These results highlight the importance in forming deeper connections between traditional methods and photonic approaches."}],"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"research_data","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18969354"}]},"_id":"65847","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","volume":12,"user_id":"73665","status":"public","oa":"1","citation":{"apa":"Eickmann, J.-L., Luo, K.-H., Roiz, M., Lammers, J., Atzeni, S., Pandey, C., Lütkewitte, F., Shirazi, R. G., Schlue, F., Brecht, B., Rybkin, V. V., Stefszky, M., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2026). Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson sampling: a photonic hierarchy of approximations for molecular vibronic spectra. <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>, <i>12</i>(1), Article 89. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x</a>","ieee":"J.-L. Eickmann <i>et al.</i>, “Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson sampling: a photonic hierarchy of approximations for molecular vibronic spectra,” <i>npj Quantum Information</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 89, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x\">10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x</a>.","short":"J.-L. Eickmann, K.-H. Luo, M. Roiz, J. Lammers, S. Atzeni, C. Pandey, F. Lütkewitte, R.G. Shirazi, F. Schlue, B. Brecht, V.V. Rybkin, M. Stefszky, C. Silberhorn, Npj Quantum Information 12 (2026).","chicago":"Eickmann, Jan-Lucas, Kai-Hong Luo, Mikhail Roiz, Jonas Lammers, Simone Atzeni, Cheeranjiv Pandey, Florian Lütkewitte, et al. “Bridging Chemistry and Gaussian Boson Sampling: A Photonic Hierarchy of Approximations for Molecular Vibronic Spectra.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i> 12, no. 1 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x</a>.","mla":"Eickmann, Jan-Lucas, et al. “Bridging Chemistry and Gaussian Boson Sampling: A Photonic Hierarchy of Approximations for Molecular Vibronic Spectra.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, 89, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x\">10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x</a>.","ama":"Eickmann J-L, Luo K-H, Roiz M, et al. Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson sampling: a photonic hierarchy of approximations for molecular vibronic spectra. <i>npj Quantum Information</i>. 2026;12(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x\">10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x</a>","bibtex":"@article{Eickmann_Luo_Roiz_Lammers_Atzeni_Pandey_Lütkewitte_Shirazi_Schlue_Brecht_et al._2026, title={Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson sampling: a photonic hierarchy of approximations for molecular vibronic spectra}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x\">10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x</a>}, number={189}, journal={npj Quantum Information}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Eickmann, Jan-Lucas and Luo, Kai-Hong and Roiz, Mikhail and Lammers, Jonas and Atzeni, Simone and Pandey, Cheeranjiv and Lütkewitte, Florian and Shirazi, Reza G. and Schlue, Fabian and Brecht, Benjamin and et al.}, year={2026} }"},"project":[{"name":"PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform","_id":"191"}]},{"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The coherent electron spin dynamics of an ensemble of singly charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots in a transverse magnetic field is driven by periodic optical excitation at 1 GHz repetition frequency. Despite the strong inhomogeneity of the electron <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> factor, the spectral spread of optical transitions, and the broad distribution of nuclear spin fluctuations, we are able to push the whole ensemble of excited spins into a single Larmor precession mode that is commensurate with the laser repetition frequency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an optical detuning of the pump pulses from the probed optical transitions induces a directed dynamic nuclear polarization and leads to a discretization of the total magnetic field acting on the electron ensemble. Finally, we show that the highly periodic optical excitation can be used as universal tool for strongly reducing the nuclear spin fluctuations and preparation of a robust nuclear environment for subsequent manipulation of the electron spins, also at varying operation frequencies.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"npj Quantum Information","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Evers_Kopteva_Yugova_Yakovlev_Reuter_Wieck_Bayer_Greilich_2021, title={Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations in an InGaAs quantum dot ensemble by GHz-pulsed optical excitation}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1\">10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1</a>}, journal={npj Quantum Information}, author={Evers, E. and Kopteva, N. E. and Yugova, I. A. and Yakovlev, D. R. and Reuter, Dirk and Wieck, A. D. and Bayer, M. and Greilich, A.}, year={2021} }","ama":"Evers E, Kopteva NE, Yugova IA, et al. Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations in an InGaAs quantum dot ensemble by GHz-pulsed optical excitation. <i>npj Quantum Information</i>. 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1\">10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1</a>","mla":"Evers, E., et al. “Suppression of Nuclear Spin Fluctuations in an InGaAs Quantum Dot Ensemble by GHz-Pulsed Optical Excitation.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1\">10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1</a>.","chicago":"Evers, E., N. E. Kopteva, I. A. Yugova, D. R. Yakovlev, Dirk Reuter, A. D. Wieck, M. Bayer, and A. Greilich. “Suppression of Nuclear Spin Fluctuations in an InGaAs Quantum Dot Ensemble by GHz-Pulsed Optical Excitation.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1</a>.","short":"E. Evers, N.E. Kopteva, I.A. Yugova, D.R. Yakovlev, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck, M. Bayer, A. Greilich, Npj Quantum Information (2021).","ieee":"E. Evers <i>et al.</i>, “Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations in an InGaAs quantum dot ensemble by GHz-pulsed optical excitation,” <i>npj Quantum Information</i>, 2021.","apa":"Evers, E., Kopteva, N. E., Yugova, I. A., Yakovlev, D. R., Reuter, D., Wieck, A. D., … Greilich, A. (2021). Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations in an InGaAs quantum dot ensemble by GHz-pulsed optical excitation. <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1</a>"},"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"}],"date_created":"2021-05-05T09:48:58Z","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2022-01-06T06:55:22Z","year":"2021","title":"Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations in an InGaAs quantum dot ensemble by GHz-pulsed optical excitation","status":"public","author":[{"first_name":"E.","last_name":"Evers","full_name":"Evers, E."},{"last_name":"Kopteva","first_name":"N. E.","full_name":"Kopteva, N. E."},{"last_name":"Yugova","first_name":"I. A.","full_name":"Yugova, I. A."},{"first_name":"D. R.","last_name":"Yakovlev","full_name":"Yakovlev, D. R."},{"id":"37763","first_name":"Dirk","last_name":"Reuter","full_name":"Reuter, Dirk"},{"last_name":"Wieck","first_name":"A. D.","full_name":"Wieck, A. D."},{"full_name":"Bayer, M.","first_name":"M.","last_name":"Bayer"},{"full_name":"Greilich, A.","last_name":"Greilich","first_name":"A."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2056-6387"]},"user_id":"42514","doi":"10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1","_id":"22003","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"288"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2019-05-07T14:55:55Z","citation":{"mla":"Sansoni, Linda, et al. “A Two-Channel, Spectrally Degenerate Polarization Entangled Source on Chip.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z\">10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Sansoni_Luo_Eigner_Ricken_Quiring_Herrmann_Silberhorn_2017, title={A two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization entangled source on chip}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z\">10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z</a>}, journal={npj Quantum Information}, author={Sansoni, Linda and Luo, Kai Hong and Eigner, Christof and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2017} }","ama":"Sansoni L, Luo KH, Eigner C, et al. A two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization entangled source on chip. <i>npj Quantum Information</i>. Published online 2017. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z\">10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z</a>","ieee":"L. Sansoni <i>et al.</i>, “A two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization entangled source on chip,” <i>npj Quantum Information</i>, 2017, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z\">10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z</a>.","apa":"Sansoni, L., Luo, K. H., Eigner, C., Ricken, R., Quiring, V., Herrmann, H., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2017). A two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization entangled source on chip. <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z</a>","chicago":"Sansoni, Linda, Kai Hong Luo, Christof Eigner, Raimund Ricken, Viktor Quiring, Harald Herrmann, and Christine Silberhorn. “A Two-Channel, Spectrally Degenerate Polarization Entangled Source on Chip.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z</a>.","short":"L. Sansoni, K.H. Luo, C. Eigner, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, H. Herrmann, C. Silberhorn, Npj Quantum Information (2017)."},"publication":"npj Quantum Information","doi":"10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z","user_id":"13244","_id":"9685","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2022-01-06T07:04:18Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2056-6387"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Sansoni, Linda","first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Sansoni"},{"id":"36389","first_name":"Kai Hong","orcid":"0000-0003-1008-4976","last_name":"Luo","full_name":"Luo, Kai Hong"},{"id":"13244","full_name":"Eigner, Christof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","first_name":"Christof","last_name":"Eigner"},{"full_name":"Ricken, Raimund","last_name":"Ricken","first_name":"Raimund"},{"last_name":"Quiring","first_name":"Viktor","full_name":"Quiring, Viktor"},{"full_name":"Herrmann, Harald","last_name":"Herrmann","first_name":"Harald","id":"216"},{"id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn"}],"year":"2017","status":"public","title":"A two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization entangled source on chip"}]