---
_id: '65847'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Simulating vibronic spectra is a central task in physical chemistry, offering
insight into important properties of molecules. Recently, it has been experimentally
demonstrated that photonic platforms based on Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) are
capable of performing these simulations. However, whether an actual GBS approach
is required depends on the molecule under investigation. To develop a better understanding
on the requirements for simulating vibronic spectra, we explore connections between
theoretical approximations in physical chemistry and their photonic counterparts.
Mapping these approximations into photonics, we show that for certain molecules
the GBS approach is unnecessary. We place special emphasis on the linear coupling
approximation, which in photonics corresponds to sampling from multiple coherent
states. By implementing this approach in experiments, we demonstrate improved
similarities over previously reported GBS results for formic acid and identify
the particular attributes that a molecule must exhibit for this, and other approximations,
to be valid. These results highlight the importance in forming deeper connections
between traditional methods and photonic approaches.
article_number: '89'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jan-Lucas
full_name: Eickmann, Jan-Lucas
id: '73665'
last_name: Eickmann
orcid: 0009-0008-6524-7684
- first_name: Kai-Hong
full_name: Luo, Kai-Hong
id: '36389'
last_name: Luo
orcid: 0000-0003-1008-4976
- first_name: Mikhail
full_name: Roiz, Mikhail
id: '114114'
last_name: Roiz
- first_name: Jonas
full_name: Lammers, Jonas
last_name: Lammers
- first_name: Simone
full_name: Atzeni, Simone
id: '98338'
last_name: Atzeni
- first_name: Cheeranjiv
full_name: Pandey, Cheeranjiv
last_name: Pandey
- first_name: Florian
full_name: Lütkewitte, Florian
last_name: Lütkewitte
- first_name: Reza G.
full_name: Shirazi, Reza G.
last_name: Shirazi
- first_name: Fabian
full_name: Schlue, Fabian
id: '63579'
last_name: Schlue
- first_name: Benjamin
full_name: Brecht, Benjamin
id: '27150'
last_name: Brecht
orcid: '0000-0003-4140-0556 '
- first_name: Vladimir V.
full_name: Rybkin, Vladimir V.
last_name: Rybkin
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Stefszky, Michael
id: '42777'
last_name: Stefszky
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
citation:
ama: 'Eickmann J-L, Luo K-H, Roiz M, et al. Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson
sampling: a photonic hierarchy of approximations for molecular vibronic spectra.
npj Quantum Information. 2026;12(1). doi:10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x'
apa: 'Eickmann, J.-L., Luo, K.-H., Roiz, M., Lammers, J., Atzeni, S., Pandey, C.,
Lütkewitte, F., Shirazi, R. G., Schlue, F., Brecht, B., Rybkin, V. V., Stefszky,
M., & Silberhorn, C. (2026). Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson sampling:
a photonic hierarchy of approximations for molecular vibronic spectra. Npj
Quantum Information, 12(1), Article 89. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x'
bibtex: '@article{Eickmann_Luo_Roiz_Lammers_Atzeni_Pandey_Lütkewitte_Shirazi_Schlue_Brecht_et
al._2026, title={Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson sampling: a photonic hierarchy
of approximations for molecular vibronic spectra}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x},
number={189}, journal={npj Quantum Information}, publisher={Springer Science and
Business Media LLC}, author={Eickmann, Jan-Lucas and Luo, Kai-Hong and Roiz, Mikhail
and Lammers, Jonas and Atzeni, Simone and Pandey, Cheeranjiv and Lütkewitte, Florian
and Shirazi, Reza G. and Schlue, Fabian and Brecht, Benjamin and et al.}, year={2026}
}'
chicago: 'Eickmann, Jan-Lucas, Kai-Hong Luo, Mikhail Roiz, Jonas Lammers, Simone
Atzeni, Cheeranjiv Pandey, Florian Lütkewitte, et al. “Bridging Chemistry and
Gaussian Boson Sampling: A Photonic Hierarchy of Approximations for Molecular
Vibronic Spectra.” Npj Quantum Information 12, no. 1 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x.'
ieee: 'J.-L. Eickmann et al., “Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson sampling:
a photonic hierarchy of approximations for molecular vibronic spectra,” npj
Quantum Information, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 89, 2026, doi: 10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x.'
mla: 'Eickmann, Jan-Lucas, et al. “Bridging Chemistry and Gaussian Boson Sampling:
A Photonic Hierarchy of Approximations for Molecular Vibronic Spectra.” Npj
Quantum Information, vol. 12, no. 1, 89, Springer Science and Business Media
LLC, 2026, doi:10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x.'
short: J.-L. Eickmann, K.-H. Luo, M. Roiz, J. Lammers, S. Atzeni, C. Pandey, F.
Lütkewitte, R.G. Shirazi, F. Schlue, B. Brecht, V.V. Rybkin, M. Stefszky, C. Silberhorn,
Npj Quantum Information 12 (2026).
date_created: 2026-06-12T08:14:35Z
date_updated: 2026-06-12T08:28:02Z
department:
- _id: '288'
- _id: '623'
- _id: '15'
doi: 10.1038/s41534-026-01250-x
intvolume: ' 12'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41534-026-01250-x.pdf
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '191'
name: 'PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer - Quantencomputing Testplattform'
publication: npj Quantum Information
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2056-6387
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
related_material:
link:
- relation: research_data
url: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18969354
status: public
title: 'Bridging chemistry and Gaussian boson sampling: a photonic hierarchy of approximations
for molecular vibronic spectra'
type: journal_article
user_id: '73665'
volume: 12
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '22003'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: AbstractThe coherent electron spin dynamics
of an ensemble of singly charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots in a transverse magnetic
field is driven by periodic optical excitation at 1 GHz repetition frequency.
Despite the strong inhomogeneity of the electron g
factor, the spectral spread of optical transitions, and the broad distribution
of nuclear spin fluctuations, we are able to push the whole ensemble of excited
spins into a single Larmor precession mode that is commensurate with the laser
repetition frequency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an optical detuning of
the pump pulses from the probed optical transitions induces a directed dynamic
nuclear polarization and leads to a discretization of the total magnetic field
acting on the electron ensemble. Finally, we show that the highly periodic optical
excitation can be used as universal tool for strongly reducing the nuclear spin
fluctuations and preparation of a robust nuclear environment for subsequent manipulation
of the electron spins, also at varying operation frequencies.
author:
- first_name: E.
full_name: Evers, E.
last_name: Evers
- first_name: N. E.
full_name: Kopteva, N. E.
last_name: Kopteva
- first_name: I. A.
full_name: Yugova, I. A.
last_name: Yugova
- first_name: D. R.
full_name: Yakovlev, D. R.
last_name: Yakovlev
- first_name: Dirk
full_name: Reuter, Dirk
id: '37763'
last_name: Reuter
- first_name: A. D.
full_name: Wieck, A. D.
last_name: Wieck
- first_name: M.
full_name: Bayer, M.
last_name: Bayer
- first_name: A.
full_name: Greilich, A.
last_name: Greilich
citation:
ama: Evers E, Kopteva NE, Yugova IA, et al. Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations
in an InGaAs quantum dot ensemble by GHz-pulsed optical excitation. npj Quantum
Information. 2021. doi:10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1
apa: Evers, E., Kopteva, N. E., Yugova, I. A., Yakovlev, D. R., Reuter, D., Wieck,
A. D., … Greilich, A. (2021). Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations in an InGaAs
quantum dot ensemble by GHz-pulsed optical excitation. Npj Quantum Information.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1
bibtex: '@article{Evers_Kopteva_Yugova_Yakovlev_Reuter_Wieck_Bayer_Greilich_2021,
title={Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations in an InGaAs quantum dot ensemble
by GHz-pulsed optical excitation}, DOI={10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1},
journal={npj Quantum Information}, author={Evers, E. and Kopteva, N. E. and Yugova,
I. A. and Yakovlev, D. R. and Reuter, Dirk and Wieck, A. D. and Bayer, M. and
Greilich, A.}, year={2021} }'
chicago: Evers, E., N. E. Kopteva, I. A. Yugova, D. R. Yakovlev, Dirk Reuter, A.
D. Wieck, M. Bayer, and A. Greilich. “Suppression of Nuclear Spin Fluctuations
in an InGaAs Quantum Dot Ensemble by GHz-Pulsed Optical Excitation.” Npj Quantum
Information, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1.
ieee: E. Evers et al., “Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations in an InGaAs
quantum dot ensemble by GHz-pulsed optical excitation,” npj Quantum Information,
2021.
mla: Evers, E., et al. “Suppression of Nuclear Spin Fluctuations in an InGaAs Quantum
Dot Ensemble by GHz-Pulsed Optical Excitation.” Npj Quantum Information,
2021, doi:10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1.
short: E. Evers, N.E. Kopteva, I.A. Yugova, D.R. Yakovlev, D. Reuter, A.D. Wieck,
M. Bayer, A. Greilich, Npj Quantum Information (2021).
date_created: 2021-05-05T09:48:58Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:55:22Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1038/s41534-021-00395-1
language:
- iso: eng
publication: npj Quantum Information
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2056-6387
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Suppression of nuclear spin fluctuations in an InGaAs quantum dot ensemble
by GHz-pulsed optical excitation
type: journal_article
user_id: '42514'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9685'
author:
- first_name: Linda
full_name: Sansoni, Linda
last_name: Sansoni
- first_name: Kai Hong
full_name: Luo, Kai Hong
id: '36389'
last_name: Luo
orcid: 0000-0003-1008-4976
- first_name: Christof
full_name: Eigner, Christof
id: '13244'
last_name: Eigner
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Raimund
full_name: Ricken, Raimund
last_name: Ricken
- first_name: Viktor
full_name: Quiring, Viktor
last_name: Quiring
- first_name: Harald
full_name: Herrmann, Harald
id: '216'
last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
citation:
ama: Sansoni L, Luo KH, Eigner C, et al. A two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization
entangled source on chip. npj Quantum Information. Published online 2017.
doi:10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z
apa: Sansoni, L., Luo, K. H., Eigner, C., Ricken, R., Quiring, V., Herrmann, H.,
& Silberhorn, C. (2017). A two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization
entangled source on chip. Npj Quantum Information. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z
bibtex: '@article{Sansoni_Luo_Eigner_Ricken_Quiring_Herrmann_Silberhorn_2017, title={A
two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization entangled source on chip}, DOI={10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z},
journal={npj Quantum Information}, author={Sansoni, Linda and Luo, Kai Hong and
Eigner, Christof and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Herrmann, Harald
and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2017} }'
chicago: Sansoni, Linda, Kai Hong Luo, Christof Eigner, Raimund Ricken, Viktor Quiring,
Harald Herrmann, and Christine Silberhorn. “A Two-Channel, Spectrally Degenerate
Polarization Entangled Source on Chip.” Npj Quantum Information, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z.
ieee: 'L. Sansoni et al., “A two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization
entangled source on chip,” npj Quantum Information, 2017, doi: 10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z.'
mla: Sansoni, Linda, et al. “A Two-Channel, Spectrally Degenerate Polarization Entangled
Source on Chip.” Npj Quantum Information, 2017, doi:10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z.
short: L. Sansoni, K.H. Luo, C. Eigner, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, H. Herrmann, C. Silberhorn,
Npj Quantum Information (2017).
date_created: 2019-05-07T14:55:55Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:18Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '288'
doi: 10.1038/s41534-016-0005-z
language:
- iso: eng
publication: npj Quantum Information
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2056-6387
publication_status: published
status: public
title: A two-channel, spectrally degenerate polarization entangled source on chip
type: journal_article
user_id: '13244'
year: '2017'
...