---
_id: '63215'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:p>High-dimensional
    time-frequency encodings have the potential to significantly advance quantum information
    science; however, practical applications require precise knowledge of the encoded
    quantum states, which becomes increasingly challenging for larger Hilbert spaces.
    Self-guided tomography (SGT) has emerged as a practical and scalable technique
    for this purpose in the spatial domain. Here, we apply SGT to estimate time-frequency
    states using a multi-output quantum pulse gate. We achieve fidelities of more
    than 99% for 3- and 5-dimensional states without the need for calibration or post-processing.
    We demonstrate the robustness of SGT against statistical and environmental noise,
    highlighting its efficacy in the photon-starved regime typical of quantum information
    applications.</jats:p>"
article_number: '025024'
author:
- first_name: Laura Maria
  full_name: Serino, Laura Maria
  id: '88242'
  last_name: Serino
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Rambach, Markus
  last_name: Rambach
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Brecht, Benjamin
  id: '27150'
  last_name: Brecht
  orcid: '0000-0003-4140-0556 '
- first_name: Jacquiline
  full_name: Romero, Jacquiline
  last_name: Romero
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
  id: '26263'
  last_name: Silberhorn
citation:
  ama: Serino LM, Rambach M, Brecht B, Romero J, Silberhorn C. Self-guided tomography
    of time-frequency qudits. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. 2025;10(2). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea">10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea</a>
  apa: Serino, L. M., Rambach, M., Brecht, B., Romero, J., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2025).
    Self-guided tomography of time-frequency qudits. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>,
    <i>10</i>(2), Article 025024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Serino_Rambach_Brecht_Romero_Silberhorn_2025, title={Self-guided
    tomography of time-frequency qudits}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea">10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea</a>},
    number={2025024}, journal={Quantum Science and Technology}, publisher={IOP Publishing},
    author={Serino, Laura Maria and Rambach, Markus and Brecht, Benjamin and Romero,
    Jacquiline and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: Serino, Laura Maria, Markus Rambach, Benjamin Brecht, Jacquiline Romero,
    and Christine Silberhorn. “Self-Guided Tomography of Time-Frequency Qudits.” <i>Quantum
    Science and Technology</i> 10, no. 2 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea</a>.
  ieee: 'L. M. Serino, M. Rambach, B. Brecht, J. Romero, and C. Silberhorn, “Self-guided
    tomography of time-frequency qudits,” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol.
    10, no. 2, Art. no. 025024, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea">10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea</a>.'
  mla: Serino, Laura Maria, et al. “Self-Guided Tomography of Time-Frequency Qudits.”
    <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 10, no. 2, 025024, IOP Publishing,
    2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea">10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea</a>.
  short: L.M. Serino, M. Rambach, B. Brecht, J. Romero, C. Silberhorn, Quantum Science
    and Technology 10 (2025).
date_created: 2025-12-18T16:07:11Z
date_updated: 2025-12-18T16:07:35Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1088/2058-9565/adb0ea
intvolume: '        10'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Quantum Science and Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2058-9565
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
status: public
title: Self-guided tomography of time-frequency qudits
type: journal_article
user_id: '27150'
volume: 10
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '26507'
article_number: 04LT01
author:
- first_name: A
  full_name: Smirne, A
  last_name: Smirne
- first_name: T
  full_name: Nitsche, T
  last_name: Nitsche
- first_name: D
  full_name: Egloff, D
  last_name: Egloff
- first_name: Sonja
  full_name: Barkhofen, Sonja
  id: '48188'
  last_name: Barkhofen
- first_name: S
  full_name: De, S
  last_name: De
- first_name: I
  full_name: Dhand, I
  last_name: Dhand
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
  id: '26263'
  last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: S F
  full_name: Huelga, S F
  last_name: Huelga
- first_name: M B
  full_name: Plenio, M B
  last_name: Plenio
citation:
  ama: Smirne A, Nitsche T, Egloff D, et al. Experimental control of the degree of
    non-classicality via quantum coherence. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>.
    Published online 2020. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aba039">10.1088/2058-9565/aba039</a>
  apa: Smirne, A., Nitsche, T., Egloff, D., Barkhofen, S., De, S., Dhand, I., Silberhorn,
    C., Huelga, S. F., &#38; Plenio, M. B. (2020). Experimental control of the degree
    of non-classicality via quantum coherence. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>,
    Article 04LT01. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aba039">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aba039</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Smirne_Nitsche_Egloff_Barkhofen_De_Dhand_Silberhorn_Huelga_Plenio_2020,
    title={Experimental control of the degree of non-classicality via quantum coherence},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aba039">10.1088/2058-9565/aba039</a>},
    number={04LT01}, journal={Quantum Science and Technology}, author={Smirne, A and
    Nitsche, T and Egloff, D and Barkhofen, Sonja and De, S and Dhand, I and Silberhorn,
    Christine and Huelga, S F and Plenio, M B}, year={2020} }'
  chicago: Smirne, A, T Nitsche, D Egloff, Sonja Barkhofen, S De, I Dhand, Christine
    Silberhorn, S F Huelga, and M B Plenio. “Experimental Control of the Degree of
    Non-Classicality via Quantum Coherence.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>,
    2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aba039">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aba039</a>.
  ieee: 'A. Smirne <i>et al.</i>, “Experimental control of the degree of non-classicality
    via quantum coherence,” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, Art. no. 04LT01,
    2020, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aba039">10.1088/2058-9565/aba039</a>.'
  mla: Smirne, A., et al. “Experimental Control of the Degree of Non-Classicality
    via Quantum Coherence.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, 04LT01, 2020, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aba039">10.1088/2058-9565/aba039</a>.
  short: A. Smirne, T. Nitsche, D. Egloff, S. Barkhofen, S. De, I. Dhand, C. Silberhorn,
    S.F. Huelga, M.B. Plenio, Quantum Science and Technology (2020).
date_created: 2021-10-19T07:09:59Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:21Z
doi: 10.1088/2058-9565/aba039
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Quantum Science and Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2058-9565
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Experimental control of the degree of non-classicality via quantum coherence
type: journal_article
user_id: '48188'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '40381'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:p>The phenomenon
    of entanglement is the basis of quantum information and quantum communication
    processes. Entangled systems with a large number of photons are of great interest
    at present because they provide a platform for streaming technologies based on
    photonics. In this paper we present a device which operates with four-photons
    and based on the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference. The presented device allows to maximize
    the degree of spatial entanglement and generate the highly entangled four-dimensional
    Bell states. Furthermore, the use of the interferometer in different regimes leads
    to fast interference fringes in the coincidence probability with period of oscillations
    twice smaller than the pump wavelength. We have a good agreement between theoretical
    simulations and experimental results.</jats:p>"
article_number: '045020'
author:
- first_name: A
  full_name: Ferreri, A
  last_name: Ferreri
- first_name: V
  full_name: Ansari, V
  last_name: Ansari
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Brecht, Benjamin
  id: '27150'
  last_name: Brecht
  orcid: '0000-0003-4140-0556 '
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
  id: '26263'
  last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: Polina R.
  full_name: Sharapova, Polina R.
  id: '60286'
  last_name: Sharapova
citation:
  ama: Ferreri A, Ansari V, Brecht B, Silberhorn C, Sharapova PR. Spatial entanglement
    and state engineering via four-photon Hong–Ou–Mandel interference. <i>Quantum
    Science and Technology</i>. 2020;5(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abb411">10.1088/2058-9565/abb411</a>
  apa: Ferreri, A., Ansari, V., Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Sharapova, P. R.
    (2020). Spatial entanglement and state engineering via four-photon Hong–Ou–Mandel
    interference. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, <i>5</i>(4), Article 045020.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abb411">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abb411</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Ferreri_Ansari_Brecht_Silberhorn_Sharapova_2020, title={Spatial
    entanglement and state engineering via four-photon Hong–Ou–Mandel interference},
    volume={5}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abb411">10.1088/2058-9565/abb411</a>},
    number={4045020}, journal={Quantum Science and Technology}, publisher={IOP Publishing},
    author={Ferreri, A and Ansari, V and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine
    and Sharapova, Polina R.}, year={2020} }'
  chicago: Ferreri, A, V Ansari, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, and Polina
    R. Sharapova. “Spatial Entanglement and State Engineering via Four-Photon Hong–Ou–Mandel
    Interference.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i> 5, no. 4 (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abb411">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abb411</a>.
  ieee: 'A. Ferreri, V. Ansari, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, and P. R. Sharapova, “Spatial
    entanglement and state engineering via four-photon Hong–Ou–Mandel interference,”
    <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 5, no. 4, Art. no. 045020, 2020, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abb411">10.1088/2058-9565/abb411</a>.'
  mla: Ferreri, A., et al. “Spatial Entanglement and State Engineering via Four-Photon
    Hong–Ou–Mandel Interference.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 5, no.
    4, 045020, IOP Publishing, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abb411">10.1088/2058-9565/abb411</a>.
  short: A. Ferreri, V. Ansari, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, P.R. Sharapova, Quantum
    Science and Technology 5 (2020).
date_created: 2023-01-26T14:06:23Z
date_updated: 2025-12-16T11:27:56Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '569'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '288'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '429'
- _id: '35'
doi: 10.1088/2058-9565/abb411
intvolume: '         5'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
- Materials Science (miscellaneous)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- and Optics
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '53'
  name: 'TRR 142: TRR 142'
- _id: '56'
  name: 'TRR 142 - C: TRR 142 - Project Area C'
- _id: '72'
  name: 'TRR 142 - C2: TRR 142 - Subproject C2'
publication: Quantum Science and Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2058-9565
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
status: public
title: Spatial entanglement and state engineering via four-photon Hong–Ou–Mandel interference
type: journal_article
user_id: '16199'
volume: 5
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '26298'
article_number: '045008'
author:
- first_name: Mohammad
  full_name: Rezai, Mohammad
  last_name: Rezai
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Sperling, Jan
  id: '75127'
  last_name: Sperling
  orcid: 0000-0002-5844-3205
- first_name: Ilja
  full_name: Gerhardt, Ilja
  last_name: Gerhardt
citation:
  ama: Rezai M, Sperling J, Gerhardt I. What can single photons do what lasers cannot
    do? <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. Published online 2019. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56">10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56</a>
  apa: Rezai, M., Sperling, J., &#38; Gerhardt, I. (2019). What can single photons
    do what lasers cannot do? <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, Article 045008.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Rezai_Sperling_Gerhardt_2019, title={What can single photons do
    what lasers cannot do?}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56">10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56</a>},
    number={045008}, journal={Quantum Science and Technology}, author={Rezai, Mohammad
    and Sperling, Jan and Gerhardt, Ilja}, year={2019} }'
  chicago: Rezai, Mohammad, Jan Sperling, and Ilja Gerhardt. “What Can Single Photons
    Do What Lasers Cannot Do?” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56</a>.
  ieee: 'M. Rezai, J. Sperling, and I. Gerhardt, “What can single photons do what
    lasers cannot do?,” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, Art. no. 045008, 2019,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56">10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56</a>.'
  mla: Rezai, Mohammad, et al. “What Can Single Photons Do What Lasers Cannot Do?”
    <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, 045008, 2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56">10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56</a>.
  short: M. Rezai, J. Sperling, I. Gerhardt, Quantum Science and Technology (2019).
date_created: 2021-10-15T16:18:38Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:18Z
doi: 10.1088/2058-9565/ab3d56
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Quantum Science and Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2058-9565
publication_status: published
status: public
title: What can single photons do what lasers cannot do?
type: journal_article
user_id: '75127'
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '26058'
article_number: '024002'
author:
- first_name: Kai Hong
  full_name: Luo, Kai Hong
  id: '36389'
  last_name: Luo
  orcid: 0000-0003-1008-4976
- first_name: Harald
  full_name: Herrmann, Harald
  id: '216'
  last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
  id: '26263'
  last_name: Silberhorn
citation:
  ama: Luo KH, Herrmann H, Silberhorn C. Temporal correlations of spectrally narrowband
    photon pair sources. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. Published online 2017.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e">10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e</a>
  apa: Luo, K. H., Herrmann, H., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2017). Temporal correlations
    of spectrally narrowband photon pair sources. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>,
    Article 024002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Luo_Herrmann_Silberhorn_2017, title={Temporal correlations of
    spectrally narrowband photon pair sources}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e">10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e</a>},
    number={024002}, journal={Quantum Science and Technology}, author={Luo, Kai Hong
    and Herrmann, Harald and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2017} }'
  chicago: Luo, Kai Hong, Harald Herrmann, and Christine Silberhorn. “Temporal Correlations
    of Spectrally Narrowband Photon Pair Sources.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>,
    2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e</a>.
  ieee: 'K. H. Luo, H. Herrmann, and C. Silberhorn, “Temporal correlations of spectrally
    narrowband photon pair sources,” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, Art. no.
    024002, 2017, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e">10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e</a>.'
  mla: Luo, Kai Hong, et al. “Temporal Correlations of Spectrally Narrowband Photon
    Pair Sources.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, 024002, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e">10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e</a>.
  short: K.H. Luo, H. Herrmann, C. Silberhorn, Quantum Science and Technology (2017).
date_created: 2021-10-12T08:11:02Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:16Z
doi: 10.1088/2058-9565/aa6b8e
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Quantum Science and Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2058-9565
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Temporal correlations of spectrally narrowband photon pair sources
type: journal_article
user_id: '36389'
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '21031'
article_number: '034012'
author:
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Allgaier, Markus
  last_name: Allgaier
- first_name: Gesche
  full_name: Vigh, Gesche
  last_name: Vigh
- first_name: Vahid
  full_name: Ansari, Vahid
  last_name: Ansari
- first_name: Christof
  full_name: Eigner, Christof
  id: '13244'
  last_name: Eigner
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Viktor
  full_name: Quiring, Viktor
  last_name: Quiring
- first_name: Raimund
  full_name: Ricken, Raimund
  last_name: Ricken
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Brecht, Benjamin
  id: '27150'
  last_name: Brecht
  orcid: '0000-0003-4140-0556 '
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
  id: '26263'
  last_name: Silberhorn
citation:
  ama: Allgaier M, Vigh G, Ansari V, et al. Fast time-domain measurements on telecom
    single photons. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>. 2017;2. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb">10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb</a>
  apa: Allgaier, M., Vigh, G., Ansari, V., Eigner, C., Quiring, V., Ricken, R., Brecht,
    B., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2017). Fast time-domain measurements on telecom single
    photons. <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, <i>2</i>, Article 034012. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Allgaier_Vigh_Ansari_Eigner_Quiring_Ricken_Brecht_Silberhorn_2017,
    title={Fast time-domain measurements on telecom single photons}, volume={2}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb">10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb</a>},
    number={034012}, journal={Quantum Science and Technology}, author={Allgaier, Markus
    and Vigh, Gesche and Ansari, Vahid and Eigner, Christof and Quiring, Viktor and
    Ricken, Raimund and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2017} }'
  chicago: Allgaier, Markus, Gesche Vigh, Vahid Ansari, Christof Eigner, Viktor Quiring,
    Raimund Ricken, Benjamin Brecht, and Christine Silberhorn. “Fast Time-Domain Measurements
    on Telecom Single Photons.” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i> 2 (2017). <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb</a>.
  ieee: 'M. Allgaier <i>et al.</i>, “Fast time-domain measurements on telecom single
    photons,” <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 2, Art. no. 034012, 2017,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb">10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb</a>.'
  mla: Allgaier, Markus, et al. “Fast Time-Domain Measurements on Telecom Single Photons.”
    <i>Quantum Science and Technology</i>, vol. 2, 034012, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb">10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb</a>.
  short: M. Allgaier, G. Vigh, V. Ansari, C. Eigner, V. Quiring, R. Ricken, B. Brecht,
    C. Silberhorn, Quantum Science and Technology 2 (2017).
date_created: 2021-01-20T08:43:58Z
date_updated: 2023-01-27T08:56:27Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '288'
doi: 10.1088/2058-9565/aa7abb
intvolume: '         2'
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '71'
  name: TRR 142 - Subproject C1
publication: Quantum Science and Technology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2058-9565
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Fast time-domain measurements on telecom single photons
type: journal_article
user_id: '26263'
volume: 2
year: '2017'
...