@article{55577,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> Abstract: Research differentiates between procrastination as a trait and as a state. While trait procrastination implies cross-temporal stability, state procrastination denotes an episode in which a particular task is procrastinated, therefore implying cross-temporal variability. However, it is unclear whether trait procrastination scales (i) capture temporal-variable variance components (i.e., state procrastination), and (ii) how trait and state are differentially related to other variables commonly associated with procrastination. Latent state-trait modeling was used to separate stable from temporal-variable variance components of a common trait procrastination measure and to relate both facets of procrastination to satisfaction with the studies as an example for related variables. Student participants ( N = 194) filled out the five-item short version of the General Procrastination Scale (GPS; Klein et al., 2019 ) three times with 12-month intervals between each measurement. Results confirm that GPS scores reflect stable components of procrastination to a larger extent than temporal-variable variance components. And they demonstrate that variable procrastination correlates more strongly with study satisfaction, as compared to stable procrastination. These results may inspire research to specify how far correlates of procrastination pertain to trait procrastination, state procrastination, or both. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Koppenborg, Markus and Ebert, Anna and Klingsieck, Katrin B.}},
  issn         = {{1015-5759}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Psychological Assessment}},
  publisher    = {{Hogrefe Publishing Group}},
  title        = {{{Trait- and State-Aspects of Procrastination and Their Relation to Study Satisfaction}}},
  doi          = {{10.1027/1015-5759/a000853}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{35415,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> Abstract. Procrastination is the irrational delay of an intended task and is common among students. A delay can only be defined as procrastination when it is voluntary, the action was intended but not implemented, and the delay is accompanied by subjective discomfort. Established scales of procrastination cover mainly behavioral aspects but have neglected the emotional aspect. This inaccuracy concerning the construct validity might entail misconceptions of procrastination. Accordingly, we developed and validated the Behavioral and Emotional Academic Procrastination Scale (BEPS), which covers all aspects of the definition of procrastination. The 6-item scale measuring self-reported academic procrastination was tested in three studies. Study 1 ( N = 239) evaluated the psychometric qualities of the BEPS, indicating good item characteristics and internal consistency. Study 2 ( N = 1,441) used confirmatory factor analysis and revealed two correlated factors: one covering the behavioral aspect and the other reflecting the emotional aspect. Measurement invariance was shown through longitudinal and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Study 3 ( N = 234) provided evidence for the scale’s convergent validity through correlations with established procrastination scales, self-efficacy, and neuroticism. The BEPS thus economically operationalizes all characteristics of academic procrastination and appears to be a reliable and valid self-report measure. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Bobe, Julia and Schnettler, Theresa and Scheunemann, Anne and Fries, Stefan and Bäulke, Lisa and Thies, Daniel O. and Dresel, Markus and Leutner, Detlev and Wirth, Joachim and Klingsieck, Katrin B. and Grunschel, Carola}},
  issn         = {{1015-5759}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Psychological Assessment}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology}},
  publisher    = {{Hogrefe Publishing Group}},
  title        = {{{Delaying Academic Tasks and Feeling Bad About It}}},
  doi          = {{10.1027/1015-5759/a000728}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{28992,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p> Abstract. Academic writing is a complex and demanding activity that plays an important role in self-regulated learning settings within higher education. Self-efficacy and self-regulation are crucial factors for success and failure in academic writing. Because of the lack of adequate instruments, assessment of these factors is still limited. This paper introduces a scale for the assessment of self-efficacy for self-regulation of academic writing (SSAW). We deductively developed the SSAW scale and then conducted three studies in order to test and validate the scale. The first study ( N = 121) resulted in a brief scale with good psychometric properties. The second study ( N = 660) showed the scale’s factorial validity. The third study ( N = 188) provided evidence for the convergent validity of the SSAW scale. In sum, these studies yield a reliable, valid, and economic scale. The results are discussed with regard to the usefulness of the SSAW scale for research and practice in higher education. </jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Golombek, Christiane and Klingsieck, Katrin B. and Scharlau, Ingrid}},
  issn         = {{1015-5759}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Psychological Assessment}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{751 -- 761}},
  title        = {{{Assessing Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulation of Academic Writing: Development and validation of a scale}}},
  doi          = {{10.1027/1015-5759/a000452}},
  volume       = {{35}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}