[{"type":"journal_article","keyword":["electrocatalysis","oxygen evolution reaction","cobalt spinel","operando characterization"],"department":[{"_id":"985"}],"date_created":"2026-02-16T14:22:15Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Overcoming the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction at the anode is a key challenge for the production of hydrogen via electrolysis. This reaction operates at very positive potentials, where the electrocatalyst is exposed to highly oxidative conditions and prone to potential-dependent transformation of the near-surface region. While substantial evidence for such surface restructuring exists, its extent and relevance for the catalyst’s activity are unclear. We address this topic for the case of Co3O4, one of the best-known electrocatalysts exhibiting surface restructuring, by studies of epitaxial (111)-ordered electrodeposited films with combined operando X-ray surface diffraction and absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements on rotating disk electrodes. Comparison of the as-prepared and annealed state of the same samples, which both are stable even under long-term oxygen evolution conditions, provides clear insight into the role of surface defects. Our results show that defect-free annealed Co3O4(111) surfaces are structurally stable over a wide potential range and hydroxylate via adsorption at surface oxygen and Co sites. Potential-induced surface restructuring of the Co3O4 lattice occurs only in the presence of surface defects, leading to the formation of the well-known nanometer-thick oxyhydroxide skin layer. The presence of this skin layer promotes oxygen evolution at low overpotentials but results in higher Tafel slopes. As a result, highly ordered Co3O4(111) surfaces are more active at high current densities than defective Co3O4 surfaces that undergo surface restructuring. These results highlight that strategies for catalyst surface defect engineering need to be application-oriented."}],"publication":"ACS Catalysis","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c08785","article_number":"acscatal.5c08785","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785","open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-02-16T14:25:00Z","article_type":"original","title":"Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts","year":"2026","author":[{"last_name":"Scharf","first_name":"Carl Hendric","full_name":"Scharf, Carl Hendric"},{"full_name":"Chandraraj, Alex","first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Chandraraj"},{"last_name":"Dyk","first_name":"Konrad","full_name":"Dyk, Konrad"},{"first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Stebner","full_name":"Stebner, Felix"},{"last_name":"Lepin","first_name":"Sören","full_name":"Lepin, Sören"},{"last_name":"Tian","first_name":"Jing","full_name":"Tian, Jing"},{"first_name":"Laila","last_name":"El Bergmi Byaz","full_name":"El Bergmi Byaz, Laila"},{"last_name":"Stettner","first_name":"Jochim","full_name":"Stettner, Jochim"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Leppin","full_name":"Leppin, Christian","id":"117722"},{"full_name":"Kotova, Anastasiia","first_name":"Anastasiia","last_name":"Kotova"},{"id":"117727","full_name":"Reinke, Sebastian","first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Reinke"},{"id":"116779","full_name":"Linnemann, Julia","last_name":"Linnemann","first_name":"Julia","orcid":"0000-0001-6883-5424"},{"last_name":"Maroun","first_name":"Fouad","full_name":"Maroun, Fouad"},{"full_name":"Magnussen, Olaf M.","first_name":"Olaf M.","last_name":"Magnussen"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2155-5435","2155-5435"]},"oa":"1","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Scharf_Chandraraj_Dyk_Stebner_Lepin_Tian_El Bergmi Byaz_Stettner_Leppin_Kotova_et al._2026, title={Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785\">10.1021/acscatal.5c08785</a>}, number={acscatal.5c08785}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Scharf, Carl Hendric and Chandraraj, Alex and Dyk, Konrad and Stebner, Felix and Lepin, Sören and Tian, Jing and El Bergmi Byaz, Laila and Stettner, Jochim and Leppin, Christian and Kotova, Anastasiia and et al.}, year={2026} }","ama":"Scharf CH, Chandraraj A, Dyk K, et al. Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785\">10.1021/acscatal.5c08785</a>","mla":"Scharf, Carl Hendric, et al. “Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, acscatal.5c08785, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785\">10.1021/acscatal.5c08785</a>.","chicago":"Scharf, Carl Hendric, Alex Chandraraj, Konrad Dyk, Felix Stebner, Sören Lepin, Jing Tian, Laila El Bergmi Byaz, et al. “Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785</a>.","short":"C.H. Scharf, A. Chandraraj, K. Dyk, F. Stebner, S. Lepin, J. Tian, L. El Bergmi Byaz, J. Stettner, C. Leppin, A. Kotova, S. Reinke, J. Linnemann, F. Maroun, O.M. Magnussen, ACS Catalysis (2026).","ieee":"C. H. Scharf <i>et al.</i>, “Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts,” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, Art. no. acscatal.5c08785, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785\">10.1021/acscatal.5c08785</a>.","apa":"Scharf, C. H., Chandraraj, A., Dyk, K., Stebner, F., Lepin, S., Tian, J., El Bergmi Byaz, L., Stettner, J., Leppin, C., Kotova, A., Reinke, S., Linnemann, J., Maroun, F., &#38; Magnussen, O. M. (2026). Role of Defects in Reversible Surface Restructuring and Activity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, Article acscatal.5c08785. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c08785</a>"},"user_id":"116779","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","_id":"64182","status":"public"},{"citation":{"ama":"Kampermann L, Klein J, Wagner T, et al. Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Catalysts. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>. 2025;15(21):18391-18403. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900\">10.1021/acscatal.5c03900</a>","bibtex":"@article{Kampermann_Klein_Wagner_Kotova_Placke-Yan_Yasar_Jacobse_Lasagna_Leppin_Schulz_et al._2025, title={Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Catalysts}, volume={15}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900\">10.1021/acscatal.5c03900</a>}, number={21}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Kampermann, L. and Klein, J. and Wagner, T. and Kotova, A. and Placke-Yan, C. and Yasar, A. and Jacobse, L. and Lasagna, S. and Leppin, Christian and Schulz, S. and et al.}, year={2025}, pages={18391–18403} }","mla":"Kampermann, L., et al. “Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Catalysts.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 15, no. 21, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2025, pp. 18391–403, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900\">10.1021/acscatal.5c03900</a>.","chicago":"Kampermann, L., J. Klein, T. Wagner, A. Kotova, C. Placke-Yan, A. Yasar, L. Jacobse, et al. “Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Catalysts.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i> 15, no. 21 (2025): 18391–403. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900</a>.","short":"L. Kampermann, J. Klein, T. Wagner, A. Kotova, C. Placke-Yan, A. Yasar, L. Jacobse, S. Lasagna, C. Leppin, S. Schulz, J. Linnemann, A. Bergmann, B. Roldan Cuenya, G. Bacher, ACS Catalysis 15 (2025) 18391–18403.","apa":"Kampermann, L., Klein, J., Wagner, T., Kotova, A., Placke-Yan, C., Yasar, A., Jacobse, L., Lasagna, S., Leppin, C., Schulz, S., Linnemann, J., Bergmann, A., Roldan Cuenya, B., &#38; Bacher, G. (2025). Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Catalysts. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, <i>15</i>(21), 18391–18403. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900</a>","ieee":"L. Kampermann <i>et al.</i>, “Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Catalysts,” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 15, no. 21, pp. 18391–18403, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03900\">10.1021/acscatal.5c03900</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","status":"public","_id":"61982","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","page":"18391-18403","volume":15,"user_id":"116779","publication":"ACS Catalysis","issue":"21","abstract":[{"text":"Doped Co3O4 nanoparticles are investigated via spectro-electrochemistry in the (pre-) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) regime by tracing the absorption signal of the Co3+ d–d transition under applied bias for getting insight into the catalysts activation and the formation of catalytically active phases. In the low potential regime up to 1.37 VRHE, a rise in the optical absorption signal of the [Co3+]oct d–d transition is observed and attributed to a structural change from [Co2+]tet to [Co3+]oct due to an electrochemically induced surface restructuring with water. For applied potentials higher than 1.37 VRHE an overall offset of the absorption spectra in the UV–vis range, equivalent to a darkening of the materials is detected. This is attributed to the formation of a CoOx(OH)y skin layer as supported by high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) measurements. We found that the kinetics of the Co3+ states are heavily influenced by the type of dopant with V-doped Co3O4 exhibiting stable Co3+ states (>20 min) while the Mn-doped Co3O4 Co3+ states reduce within 36 s under reductive bias. We conclude that doping Co3O4 with transition metals affects the formation and potential-dependent thickness of the CoOx(OH)y skin layer as the catalytically active phase and the formation of long-time stable surface Co3+ states after activation in the first OER cycle.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-10-24T07:49:21Z","department":[{"_id":"985"}],"keyword":["electrocatalysis","oxygen evolution reaction","cobalt spinel","operando characterization","spectroelectrochemistry"],"type":"journal_article","author":[{"full_name":"Kampermann, L.","first_name":"L.","last_name":"Kampermann"},{"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Klein","full_name":"Klein, J."},{"first_name":"T.","last_name":"Wagner","full_name":"Wagner, T."},{"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Kotova","full_name":"Kotova, A."},{"full_name":"Placke-Yan, C.","first_name":"C.","last_name":"Placke-Yan"},{"full_name":"Yasar, A.","last_name":"Yasar","first_name":"A."},{"last_name":"Jacobse","first_name":"L.","full_name":"Jacobse, L."},{"full_name":"Lasagna, S.","last_name":"Lasagna","first_name":"S."},{"full_name":"Leppin, Christian","last_name":"Leppin","first_name":"Christian","id":"117722"},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Schulz","full_name":"Schulz, S."},{"last_name":"Linnemann","first_name":"Julia","orcid":"0000-0001-6883-5424","full_name":"Linnemann, Julia","id":"116779"},{"last_name":"Bergmann","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Bergmann, A."},{"full_name":"Roldan Cuenya, B.","first_name":"B.","last_name":"Roldan Cuenya"},{"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Bacher","full_name":"Bacher, G."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2155-5435","2155-5435"]},"year":"2025","title":"Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Catalysts","intvolume":"        15","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2025-12-07T17:15:53Z","publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c03900"},{"doi":"10.1021/acscatal.3c02092","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-03-07T09:34:41Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        13","year":"2023","title":"Direct Synthesis of Acetone by Aerobic Propane Oxidation Promoted by Photoactive Iron(III) Chloride under Mild Conditions","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2155-5435","2155-5435"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Rogolino, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Rogolino"},{"full_name":"Filho, José B. G.","last_name":"Filho","first_name":"José B. G."},{"full_name":"Fritsch, Lorena","last_name":"Fritsch","first_name":"Lorena","id":"44418"},{"full_name":"Ardisson, José D.","last_name":"Ardisson","first_name":"José D."},{"first_name":"Marcos A. R.","last_name":"da Silva","full_name":"da Silva, Marcos A. R."},{"full_name":"Atta Diab, Gabriel Ali","first_name":"Gabriel Ali","last_name":"Atta Diab"},{"last_name":"Silva","first_name":"Ingrid Fernandes","full_name":"Silva, Ingrid Fernandes"},{"last_name":"Moraes","first_name":"Carlos André Ferreira","full_name":"Moraes, Carlos André Ferreira"},{"full_name":"Forim, Moacir Rossi","first_name":"Moacir Rossi","last_name":"Forim"},{"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Bauer","orcid":"0000-0002-9294-6076","full_name":"Bauer, Matthias","id":"47241"},{"full_name":"Kühne, Thomas D.","first_name":"Thomas D.","last_name":"Kühne"},{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Antonietti","full_name":"Antonietti, Markus"},{"last_name":"Teixeira","first_name":"Ivo F.","full_name":"Teixeira, Ivo F."}],"type":"journal_article","keyword":["Catalysis","General Chemistry","pc2-ressources","Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"],"date_created":"2023-08-16T14:44:11Z","publication":"ACS Catalysis","issue":"13","user_id":"44418","volume":13,"page":"8662-8669","_id":"46547","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","status":"public","citation":{"apa":"Rogolino, A., Filho, J. B. G., Fritsch, L., Ardisson, J. D., da Silva, M. A. R., Atta Diab, G. A., Silva, I. F., Moraes, C. A. F., Forim, M. R., Bauer, M., Kühne, T. D., Antonietti, M., &#38; Teixeira, I. F. (2023). Direct Synthesis of Acetone by Aerobic Propane Oxidation Promoted by Photoactive Iron(III) Chloride under Mild Conditions. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, <i>13</i>(13), 8662–8669. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c02092\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c02092</a>","ieee":"A. Rogolino <i>et al.</i>, “Direct Synthesis of Acetone by Aerobic Propane Oxidation Promoted by Photoactive Iron(III) Chloride under Mild Conditions,” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 13, no. 13, pp. 8662–8669, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c02092\">10.1021/acscatal.3c02092</a>.","short":"A. Rogolino, J.B.G. Filho, L. Fritsch, J.D. Ardisson, M.A.R. da Silva, G.A. Atta Diab, I.F. Silva, C.A.F. Moraes, M.R. Forim, M. Bauer, T.D. Kühne, M. Antonietti, I.F. Teixeira, ACS Catalysis 13 (2023) 8662–8669.","chicago":"Rogolino, Andrea, José B. G. Filho, Lorena Fritsch, José D. Ardisson, Marcos A. R. da Silva, Gabriel Ali Atta Diab, Ingrid Fernandes Silva, et al. “Direct Synthesis of Acetone by Aerobic Propane Oxidation Promoted by Photoactive Iron(III) Chloride under Mild Conditions.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i> 13, no. 13 (2023): 8662–69. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c02092\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c02092</a>.","mla":"Rogolino, Andrea, et al. “Direct Synthesis of Acetone by Aerobic Propane Oxidation Promoted by Photoactive Iron(III) Chloride under Mild Conditions.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 13, no. 13, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023, pp. 8662–69, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c02092\">10.1021/acscatal.3c02092</a>.","ama":"Rogolino A, Filho JBG, Fritsch L, et al. Direct Synthesis of Acetone by Aerobic Propane Oxidation Promoted by Photoactive Iron(III) Chloride under Mild Conditions. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>. 2023;13(13):8662-8669. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c02092\">10.1021/acscatal.3c02092</a>","bibtex":"@article{Rogolino_Filho_Fritsch_Ardisson_da Silva_Atta Diab_Silva_Moraes_Forim_Bauer_et al._2023, title={Direct Synthesis of Acetone by Aerobic Propane Oxidation Promoted by Photoactive Iron(III) Chloride under Mild Conditions}, volume={13}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.3c02092\">10.1021/acscatal.3c02092</a>}, number={13}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Rogolino, Andrea and Filho, José B. G. and Fritsch, Lorena and Ardisson, José D. and da Silva, Marcos A. R. and Atta Diab, Gabriel Ali and Silva, Ingrid Fernandes and Moraes, Carlos André Ferreira and Forim, Moacir Rossi and Bauer, Matthias and et al.}, year={2023}, pages={8662–8669} }"}},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"For entropic reasons, the synthesis of macrocycles via olefin ring-closing metathesis (RCM) is impeded by competing acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) oligomerization. With cationic molybdenum imido alkylidene N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes confined in tailored ordered mesoporous silica, RCM can be run with macrocyclization selectivities up to 98% and high substrate concentrations up to 0.1 M. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the high conversions are a direct result of the proximity between the surface-bound catalyst, proven by extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and the surface-located substrates. Back-diffusion of the macrocycles decreases with decreasing pore diameter of the silica and is responsible for the high macrocyclization efficiency. Also, Z-selectivity increases with decreasing pore diameter and increasing Tolman electronic parameter of the NHC. Running reactions at different concentrations allows for identifying the optimum substrate concentration for each material and substrate combination."}],"issue":"18","publication":"ACS Catalysis","keyword":["Catalysis","General Chemistry"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"306"}],"date_created":"2023-01-30T16:49:07Z","date_updated":"2024-05-07T11:44:19Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        11","article_type":"original","year":"2021","title":"Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2155-5435","2155-5435"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Ziegler","full_name":"Ziegler, Felix"},{"full_name":"Kraus, Hamzeh","last_name":"Kraus","first_name":"Hamzeh"},{"full_name":"Benedikter, Mathis J.","last_name":"Benedikter","first_name":"Mathis J."},{"full_name":"Wang, Dongren","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Dongren"},{"full_name":"Bruckner, Johanna R.","last_name":"Bruckner","first_name":"Johanna R."},{"id":"78878","last_name":"Nowakowski","orcid":"0000-0002-3734-7011","first_name":"Michał","full_name":"Nowakowski, Michał"},{"last_name":"Weißer","first_name":"Kilian","full_name":"Weißer, Kilian"},{"first_name":"Helena","last_name":"Solodenko","full_name":"Solodenko, Helena"},{"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Schmitz","full_name":"Schmitz, Guido"},{"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Bauer","orcid":"0000-0002-9294-6076","full_name":"Bauer, Matthias","id":"47241"},{"full_name":"Hansen, Niels","last_name":"Hansen","first_name":"Niels"},{"full_name":"Buchmeiser, Michael R.","first_name":"Michael R.","last_name":"Buchmeiser"}],"doi":"10.1021/acscatal.1c03057","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"short":"F. Ziegler, H. Kraus, M.J. Benedikter, D. Wang, J.R. Bruckner, M. Nowakowski, K. Weißer, H. Solodenko, G. Schmitz, M. Bauer, N. Hansen, M.R. Buchmeiser, ACS Catalysis 11 (2021) 11570–11578.","chicago":"Ziegler, Felix, Hamzeh Kraus, Mathis J. Benedikter, Dongren Wang, Johanna R. Bruckner, Michał Nowakowski, Kilian Weißer, et al. “Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i> 11, no. 18 (2021): 11570–78. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>.","ieee":"F. Ziegler <i>et al.</i>, “Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes,” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 11, no. 18, pp. 11570–11578, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>.","apa":"Ziegler, F., Kraus, H., Benedikter, M. J., Wang, D., Bruckner, J. R., Nowakowski, M., Weißer, K., Solodenko, H., Schmitz, G., Bauer, M., Hansen, N., &#38; Buchmeiser, M. R. (2021). Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, <i>11</i>(18), 11570–11578. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>","bibtex":"@article{Ziegler_Kraus_Benedikter_Wang_Bruckner_Nowakowski_Weißer_Solodenko_Schmitz_Bauer_et al._2021, title={Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>}, number={18}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ziegler, Felix and Kraus, Hamzeh and Benedikter, Mathis J. and Wang, Dongren and Bruckner, Johanna R. and Nowakowski, Michał and Weißer, Kilian and Solodenko, Helena and Schmitz, Guido and Bauer, Matthias and et al.}, year={2021}, pages={11570–11578} }","ama":"Ziegler F, Kraus H, Benedikter MJ, et al. Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>. 2021;11(18):11570-11578. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>","mla":"Ziegler, Felix, et al. “Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 11, no. 18, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021, pp. 11570–78, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>."},"status":"public","user_id":"48467","volume":11,"page":"11570-11578","_id":"41001","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)"},{"doi":"10.1021/acscatal.1c03057","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        11","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-02-01T08:50:59Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2155-5435","2155-5435"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Ziegler, Felix","last_name":"Ziegler","first_name":"Felix"},{"full_name":"Kraus, Hamzeh","last_name":"Kraus","first_name":"Hamzeh"},{"last_name":"Benedikter","first_name":"Mathis J.","full_name":"Benedikter, Mathis J."},{"full_name":"Wang, Dongren","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Dongren"},{"full_name":"Bruckner, Johanna R.","last_name":"Bruckner","first_name":"Johanna R."},{"first_name":"Michal","last_name":"Nowakowski","full_name":"Nowakowski, Michal"},{"full_name":"Weißer, Kilian","last_name":"Weißer","first_name":"Kilian"},{"first_name":"Helena","last_name":"Solodenko","full_name":"Solodenko, Helena"},{"full_name":"Schmitz, Guido","first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Schmitz"},{"full_name":"Bauer, Matthias","last_name":"Bauer","first_name":"Matthias"},{"first_name":"Niels","last_name":"Hansen","full_name":"Hansen, Niels"},{"first_name":"Michael R.","last_name":"Buchmeiser","full_name":"Buchmeiser, Michael R."}],"year":"2021","title":"Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes","keyword":["Catalysis","General Chemistry"],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2023-01-31T22:50:23Z","publication":"ACS Catalysis","issue":"18","volume":11,"user_id":"78878","_id":"41323","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","page":"11570-11578","status":"public","citation":{"short":"F. Ziegler, H. Kraus, M.J. Benedikter, D. Wang, J.R. Bruckner, M. Nowakowski, K. Weißer, H. Solodenko, G. Schmitz, M. Bauer, N. Hansen, M.R. Buchmeiser, ACS Catalysis 11 (2021) 11570–11578.","chicago":"Ziegler, Felix, Hamzeh Kraus, Mathis J. Benedikter, Dongren Wang, Johanna R. Bruckner, Michal Nowakowski, Kilian Weißer, et al. “Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i> 11, no. 18 (2021): 11570–78. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>.","apa":"Ziegler, F., Kraus, H., Benedikter, M. J., Wang, D., Bruckner, J. R., Nowakowski, M., Weißer, K., Solodenko, H., Schmitz, G., Bauer, M., Hansen, N., &#38; Buchmeiser, M. R. (2021). Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, <i>11</i>(18), 11570–11578. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>","ieee":"F. Ziegler <i>et al.</i>, “Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes,” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 11, no. 18, pp. 11570–11578, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>.","ama":"Ziegler F, Kraus H, Benedikter MJ, et al. Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>. 2021;11(18):11570-11578. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>","bibtex":"@article{Ziegler_Kraus_Benedikter_Wang_Bruckner_Nowakowski_Weißer_Solodenko_Schmitz_Bauer_et al._2021, title={Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>}, number={18}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ziegler, Felix and Kraus, Hamzeh and Benedikter, Mathis J. and Wang, Dongren and Bruckner, Johanna R. and Nowakowski, Michal and Weißer, Kilian and Solodenko, Helena and Schmitz, Guido and Bauer, Matthias and et al.}, year={2021}, pages={11570–11578} }","mla":"Ziegler, Felix, et al. “Confinement Effects for Efficient Macrocyclization Reactions with Supported Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 11, no. 18, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021, pp. 11570–78, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c03057\">10.1021/acscatal.1c03057</a>."}},{"date_created":"2025-12-03T15:31:28Z","keyword":["electrocatalysis"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"985"}],"publication":"ACS Catalysis","issue":"9","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The aim to produce highly active, selective, and long-lived electrocatalysts by design drives major research efforts toward gaining fundamental understanding of the relationship between material properties and their catalytic performance. Surface characterization tools enable to assess atomic scale information on the complexity of electrocatalyst materials. Advancing electrochemical methodologies to adequately characterize such systems was less of a research focus point. In this Review, we shed light on the ability to gain fundamental insights into electrocatalysis from a complementary perspective and establish corresponding design strategies. These may rely on adopting the perceptions and models of other subareas of electrochemistry, such as corrosion, battery research, or electrodeposition. Concepts on how to account for and improve mass transport, manage gas bubble release, or exploit magnetic fields are highlighted in this respect. Particular attention is paid to deriving design strategies for nanoelectrocatalysts, which is often impeded, as structural and physical material properties are buried in electrochemical data of whole electrodes or even devices. Thus, a second major approach focuses on overcoming this difference in the considered level of complexity by methods of single-entity electrochemistry. The gained understanding of intrinsic catalyst performance may allow to rationally advance design concepts with increased complexity, such as three-dimensional electrode architectures. Many materials undergo structural changes upon formation of the working catalyst. Accordingly, developing “precatalysts” with low hindrance of the electrochemical transformation to the active catalyst is suggested as a final design strategy."}],"extern":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1021/acscatal.0c04118","year":"2021","title":"Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2155-5435","2155-5435"]},"author":[{"id":"116779","full_name":"Linnemann, Julia","first_name":"Julia","last_name":"Linnemann","orcid":"0000-0001-6883-5424"},{"full_name":"Kanokkanchana, Kannasoot","last_name":"Kanokkanchana","first_name":"Kannasoot"},{"full_name":"Tschulik, Kristina","last_name":"Tschulik","first_name":"Kristina"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-03T16:32:18Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        11","article_type":"review","oa":"1","citation":{"ieee":"J. Linnemann, K. Kanokkanchana, and K. Tschulik, “Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective,” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 5318–5346, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118\">10.1021/acscatal.0c04118</a>.","mla":"Linnemann, Julia, et al. “Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 11, no. 9, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021, pp. 5318–46, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118\">10.1021/acscatal.0c04118</a>.","apa":"Linnemann, J., Kanokkanchana, K., &#38; Tschulik, K. (2021). Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, <i>11</i>(9), 5318–5346. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118</a>","bibtex":"@article{Linnemann_Kanokkanchana_Tschulik_2021, title={Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118\">10.1021/acscatal.0c04118</a>}, number={9}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Linnemann, Julia and Kanokkanchana, Kannasoot and Tschulik, Kristina}, year={2021}, pages={5318–5346} }","chicago":"Linnemann, Julia, Kannasoot Kanokkanchana, and Kristina Tschulik. “Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i> 11, no. 9 (2021): 5318–46. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118</a>.","ama":"Linnemann J, Kanokkanchana K, Tschulik K. Design Strategies for Electrocatalysts from an Electrochemist’s Perspective. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>. 2021;11(9):5318-5346. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c04118\">10.1021/acscatal.0c04118</a>","short":"J. Linnemann, K. Kanokkanchana, K. Tschulik, ACS Catalysis 11 (2021) 5318–5346."},"quality_controlled":"1","page":"5318-5346","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","_id":"62803","user_id":"116779","volume":11,"status":"public"},{"publication":"ACS Catalysis","issue":"24","department":[{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"306"}],"type":"journal_article","keyword":["Catalysis","General Chemistry"],"date_created":"2023-01-30T17:12:11Z","intvolume":"        10","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2024-05-07T11:42:56Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2155-5435","2155-5435"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Benedikter, Mathis","last_name":"Benedikter","first_name":"Mathis"},{"last_name":"Musso","first_name":"Janis","full_name":"Musso, Janis"},{"last_name":"Kesharwani","first_name":"Manoj K.","full_name":"Kesharwani, Manoj K."},{"first_name":"K. Leonard","last_name":"Sterz","full_name":"Sterz, K. 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Benedikter <i>et al.</i>, “Charge Distribution in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Combined X-ray, XAS, XES, DFT, Mössbauer, and Catalysis Approach,” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 10, no. 24, pp. 14810–14823, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978\">10.1021/acscatal.0c03978</a>.","apa":"Benedikter, M., Musso, J., Kesharwani, M. K., Sterz, K. L., Elser, I., Ziegler, F., Fischer, F., Plietker, B., Frey, W., Kästner, J., Winkler, M., van Slageren, J., Nowakowski, M., Bauer, M., &#38; Buchmeiser, M. R. (2020). Charge Distribution in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Combined X-ray, XAS, XES, DFT, Mössbauer, and Catalysis Approach. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, <i>10</i>(24), 14810–14823. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978</a>","chicago":"Benedikter, Mathis, Janis Musso, Manoj K. Kesharwani, K. Leonard Sterz, Iris Elser, Felix Ziegler, Felix Fischer, et al. “Charge Distribution in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Combined X-Ray, XAS, XES, DFT, Mössbauer, and Catalysis Approach.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i> 10, no. 24 (2020): 14810–23. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978</a>.","short":"M. Benedikter, J. Musso, M.K. Kesharwani, K.L. Sterz, I. Elser, F. Ziegler, F. Fischer, B. Plietker, W. Frey, J. Kästner, M. Winkler, J. van Slageren, M. Nowakowski, M. Bauer, M.R. Buchmeiser, ACS Catalysis 10 (2020) 14810–14823.","mla":"Benedikter, Mathis, et al. “Charge Distribution in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Combined X-Ray, XAS, XES, DFT, Mössbauer, and Catalysis Approach.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 10, no. 24, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2020, pp. 14810–23, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978\">10.1021/acscatal.0c03978</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Benedikter_Musso_Kesharwani_Sterz_Elser_Ziegler_Fischer_Plietker_Frey_Kästner_et al._2020, title={Charge Distribution in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Combined X-ray, XAS, XES, DFT, Mössbauer, and Catalysis Approach}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978\">10.1021/acscatal.0c03978</a>}, number={24}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Benedikter, Mathis and Musso, Janis and Kesharwani, Manoj K. and Sterz, K. Leonard and Elser, Iris and Ziegler, Felix and Fischer, Felix and Plietker, Bernd and Frey, Wolfgang and Kästner, Johannes and et al.}, year={2020}, pages={14810–14823} }","ama":"Benedikter M, Musso J, Kesharwani MK, et al. Charge Distribution in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Combined X-ray, XAS, XES, DFT, Mössbauer, and Catalysis Approach. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>. 2020;10(24):14810-14823. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978\">10.1021/acscatal.0c03978</a>"},"status":"public","volume":10,"user_id":"48467","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","_id":"41015","page":"14810-14823"},{"publication":"ACS Catalysis","issue":"24","date_created":"2023-01-31T22:52:07Z","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Catalysis","General Chemistry"],"author":[{"full_name":"Benedikter, Mathis","first_name":"Mathis","last_name":"Benedikter"},{"first_name":"Janis","last_name":"Musso","full_name":"Musso, Janis"},{"first_name":"Manoj K.","last_name":"Kesharwani","full_name":"Kesharwani, Manoj K."},{"full_name":"Sterz, K. Leonard","last_name":"Sterz","first_name":"K. 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K., Sterz, K. L., Elser, I., Ziegler, F., Fischer, F., Plietker, B., Frey, W., Kästner, J., Winkler, M., van Slageren, J., Nowakowski, M., Bauer, M., &#38; Buchmeiser, M. R. (2020). Charge Distribution in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Combined X-ray, XAS, XES, DFT, Mössbauer, and Catalysis Approach. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, <i>10</i>(24), 14810–14823. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978</a>","ieee":"M. Benedikter <i>et al.</i>, “Charge Distribution in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Combined X-ray, XAS, XES, DFT, Mössbauer, and Catalysis Approach,” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 10, no. 24, pp. 14810–14823, 2020, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978\">10.1021/acscatal.0c03978</a>.","chicago":"Benedikter, Mathis, Janis Musso, Manoj K. Kesharwani, K. Leonard Sterz, Iris Elser, Felix Ziegler, Felix Fischer, et al. “Charge Distribution in Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Combined X-Ray, XAS, XES, DFT, Mössbauer, and Catalysis Approach.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i> 10, no. 24 (2020): 14810–23. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03978</a>.","short":"M. Benedikter, J. Musso, M.K. Kesharwani, K.L. Sterz, I. Elser, F. Ziegler, F. Fischer, B. Plietker, W. Frey, J. Kästner, M. Winkler, J. van Slageren, M. Nowakowski, M. Bauer, M.R. 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Rabeah <i>et al.</i>, “Formation, Operation and Deactivation of Cr Catalysts in Ethylene Tetramerization Directly Assessed by Operando EPR and XAS,” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 95–102, 2012, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/cs300686m\">10.1021/cs300686m</a>.","apa":"Rabeah, J., Bauer, M., Baumann, W., McConnell, A. E. C., Gabrielli, W. F., Webb, P. B., Selent, D., &#38; Brückner, A. (2012). Formation, Operation and Deactivation of Cr Catalysts in Ethylene Tetramerization Directly Assessed by Operando EPR and XAS. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, <i>3</i>(1), 95–102. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/cs300686m\">https://doi.org/10.1021/cs300686m</a>","short":"J. Rabeah, M. Bauer, W. Baumann, A.E.C. McConnell, W.F. Gabrielli, P.B. Webb, D. Selent, A. Brückner, ACS Catalysis 3 (2012) 95–102.","chicago":"Rabeah, Jabor, Matthias Bauer, Wolfgang Baumann, Ann E. C. McConnell, William F. Gabrielli, Paul B. Webb, Detlef Selent, and Angelika Brückner. “Formation, Operation and Deactivation of Cr Catalysts in Ethylene Tetramerization Directly Assessed by Operando EPR and XAS.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i> 3, no. 1 (2012): 95–102. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/cs300686m\">https://doi.org/10.1021/cs300686m</a>.","mla":"Rabeah, Jabor, et al. “Formation, Operation and Deactivation of Cr Catalysts in Ethylene Tetramerization Directly Assessed by Operando EPR and XAS.” <i>ACS Catalysis</i>, vol. 3, no. 1, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2012, pp. 95–102, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/cs300686m\">10.1021/cs300686m</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Rabeah_Bauer_Baumann_McConnell_Gabrielli_Webb_Selent_Brückner_2012, title={Formation, Operation and Deactivation of Cr Catalysts in Ethylene Tetramerization Directly Assessed by Operando EPR and XAS}, volume={3}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/cs300686m\">10.1021/cs300686m</a>}, number={1}, journal={ACS Catalysis}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Rabeah, Jabor and Bauer, Matthias and Baumann, Wolfgang and McConnell, Ann E. C. and Gabrielli, William F. and Webb, Paul B. and Selent, Detlef and Brückner, Angelika}, year={2012}, pages={95–102} }","ama":"Rabeah J, Bauer M, Baumann W, et al. Formation, Operation and Deactivation of Cr Catalysts in Ethylene Tetramerization Directly Assessed by Operando EPR and XAS. <i>ACS Catalysis</i>. 2012;3(1):95-102. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/cs300686m\">10.1021/cs300686m</a>"},"_id":"41247","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","page":"95-102","volume":3,"user_id":"48467","status":"public","date_created":"2023-01-31T14:57:15Z","department":[{"_id":"306"}],"keyword":["Catalysis","General Chemistry"],"type":"journal_article","issue":"1","publication":"ACS Catalysis","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1021/cs300686m","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2155-5435","2155-5435"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Rabeah, Jabor","last_name":"Rabeah","first_name":"Jabor"},{"id":"47241","full_name":"Bauer, Matthias","orcid":"0000-0002-9294-6076","last_name":"Bauer","first_name":"Matthias"},{"last_name":"Baumann","first_name":"Wolfgang","full_name":"Baumann, Wolfgang"},{"full_name":"McConnell, Ann E. C.","last_name":"McConnell","first_name":"Ann E. C."},{"last_name":"Gabrielli","first_name":"William F.","full_name":"Gabrielli, William F."},{"last_name":"Webb","first_name":"Paul B.","full_name":"Webb, Paul B."},{"full_name":"Selent, Detlef","last_name":"Selent","first_name":"Detlef"},{"last_name":"Brückner","first_name":"Angelika","full_name":"Brückner, Angelika"}],"year":"2012","title":"Formation, Operation and Deactivation of Cr Catalysts in Ethylene Tetramerization Directly Assessed by Operando EPR and XAS","intvolume":"         3","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2023-01-31T14:57:33Z"}]