[{"title":"Segmented finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale periodic poling in thin-film lithium niobate","year":"2025","author":[{"full_name":"Bollmers, Laura","last_name":"Bollmers","first_name":"Laura","id":"61375"},{"first_name":"Noah","last_name":"Spiegelberg","full_name":"Spiegelberg, Noah"},{"full_name":"Rüsing, Michael","last_name":"Rüsing","first_name":"Michael","orcid":"0000-0003-4682-4577","id":"22501"},{"id":"13244","full_name":"Eigner, Christof","first_name":"Christof","last_name":"Eigner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083"},{"id":"40300","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Padberg","full_name":"Padberg, Laura"},{"full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","id":"26263"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2192-8606","2192-8614"]},"date_updated":"2026-01-07T12:06:29Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        14","article_type":"original","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461","publication":"Nanophotonics","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) crystals are the fundamental building block for highly-efficient quantum light sources and frequency converters. The efficiency of these devices is strongly dependent on the interaction length between the light and the nonlinear material, scaling quadratically with this parameter. Nevertheless, the fabrication of long, continuously poled areas in TFLN remains challenging, the length of continuously poled areas rarely exceeds 10 mm. In this work, we demonstrate a significant progress in this field achieving the periodic poling of continuous poled areas of 70 mm length with a 3 μm poling period and a close to 50 % duty cycle. We compare two poling electrode design approaches to fabricate long, continuous poled areas. The first approach involves the poling of a single, continuous 70 mm long electrode. The second utilize a segmented approach including the poling of more than 20 individual sections forming together a 70 mm long poling area with no stitching errors. While the continuous electrode allows for faster fabrication, the segmented approach allows to individually optimize the poling resulting in less duty cycle variation. A detailed analysis of the periodic poling results reveals that the results of both are consistent with previously reported poling outcomes for shorter devices. Thus, we demonstrate wafer-scale periodic poling exceeding chiplet-size without any loss in the periodic poling quality. Our work presents a key step towards highly-efficient, narrow-bandwidth and low-pump power nonlinear optical devices."}],"date_created":"2025-12-01T08:45:07Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"288"},{"_id":"623"}],"status":"public","page":"4761","publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","_id":"62713","user_id":"22501","volume":14,"citation":{"apa":"Bollmers, L., Spiegelberg, N., Rüsing, M., Eigner, C., Padberg, L., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2025). Segmented finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale periodic poling in thin-film lithium niobate. <i>Nanophotonics</i>, <i>14</i>, 4761. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461\">https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461</a>","ieee":"L. Bollmers, N. Spiegelberg, M. Rüsing, C. Eigner, L. Padberg, and C. Silberhorn, “Segmented finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale periodic poling in thin-film lithium niobate,” <i>Nanophotonics</i>, vol. 14, p. 4761, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461\">10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461</a>.","chicago":"Bollmers, Laura, Noah Spiegelberg, Michael Rüsing, Christof Eigner, Laura Padberg, and Christine Silberhorn. “Segmented Finger Electrodes to Optimize Ultra-Long Continuous Wafer-Scale Periodic Poling in Thin-Film Lithium Niobate.” <i>Nanophotonics</i> 14 (2025): 4761. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461\">https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461</a>.","short":"L. Bollmers, N. Spiegelberg, M. Rüsing, C. Eigner, L. Padberg, C. Silberhorn, Nanophotonics 14 (2025) 4761.","mla":"Bollmers, Laura, et al. “Segmented Finger Electrodes to Optimize Ultra-Long Continuous Wafer-Scale Periodic Poling in Thin-Film Lithium Niobate.” <i>Nanophotonics</i>, vol. 14, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025, p. 4761, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461\">10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461</a>.","ama":"Bollmers L, Spiegelberg N, Rüsing M, Eigner C, Padberg L, Silberhorn C. Segmented finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale periodic poling in thin-film lithium niobate. <i>Nanophotonics</i>. 2025;14:4761. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461\">10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461</a>","bibtex":"@article{Bollmers_Spiegelberg_Rüsing_Eigner_Padberg_Silberhorn_2025, title={Segmented finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale periodic poling in thin-film lithium niobate}, volume={14}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461\">10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461</a>}, journal={Nanophotonics}, publisher={Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, author={Bollmers, Laura and Spiegelberg, Noah and Rüsing, Michael and Eigner, Christof and Padberg, Laura and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2025}, pages={4761} }"},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":"1"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440/html","open_access":"1"}],"doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2192-8614","2192-8606"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Frese, Daniel","last_name":"Frese","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Sain","first_name":"Basudeb","full_name":"Sain, Basudeb"},{"full_name":"Zhou, Hongqiang","first_name":"Hongqiang","last_name":"Zhou"},{"full_name":"Wang, Yongtian","first_name":"Yongtian","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Huang, Lingling","last_name":"Huang","first_name":"Lingling"},{"id":"30525","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf"}],"year":"2021","title":"A wavelength and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications","intvolume":"        10","date_updated":"2022-01-20T07:33:16Z","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2021-10-28T07:15:52Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"}],"type":"journal_article","issue":"18","publication":"Nanophotonics","abstract":[{"text":"Optical metasurfaces are perfect candidates for the phase and amplitude modulation of light, featuring an excellent basis for holographic applications. In this work, we present a dual amplitude holographic scheme based on the photon sieve principle, which is then combined with a phase hologram by utilizing the Pancharatnam–Berry phase. We demonstrate that two types of apertures, rectangular and square shapes in a gold film filled with silicon nanoantennas are sufficient to create two amplitude holograms at two different wavelengths in the visible, multiplexed with an additional phase-only hologram. The nanoantennas are tailored to adjust the spectral transmittance of the apertures, enabling the wavelength sensitivity. The phase-only hologram is implemented by utilizing the anisotropic rectangular structure. Interestingly, such three holograms have quantitative mathematical correlations with each other. Thus, the flexibility of polarization and wavelength channels can be utilized with custom-tailored features to achieve such amplitude and phase holography simultaneously without sacrificing any space-bandwidth product. The present scheme has the potential to store different pieces of information which can be displayed separately by switching the wavelength or the polarization state of the reading light beam.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"26987","funded_apc":"1","publisher":"De Gruyter","page":"4543-4550","volume":10,"user_id":"30525","status":"public","oa":"1","citation":{"apa":"Frese, D., Sain, B., Zhou, H., Wang, Y., Huang, L., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2021). A wavelength and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications. <i>Nanophotonics</i>, <i>10</i>(18), 4543–4550. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440\">https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440</a>","ieee":"D. Frese, B. Sain, H. Zhou, Y. Wang, L. Huang, and T. Zentgraf, “A wavelength and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications,” <i>Nanophotonics</i>, vol. 10, no. 18, pp. 4543–4550, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440\">10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440</a>.","chicago":"Frese, Daniel, Basudeb Sain, Hongqiang Zhou, Yongtian Wang, Lingling Huang, and Thomas Zentgraf. “A Wavelength and Polarization Selective Photon Sieve for Holographic Applications.” <i>Nanophotonics</i> 10, no. 18 (2021): 4543–50. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440\">https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440</a>.","short":"D. Frese, B. Sain, H. Zhou, Y. Wang, L. Huang, T. Zentgraf, Nanophotonics 10 (2021) 4543–4550.","mla":"Frese, Daniel, et al. “A Wavelength and Polarization Selective Photon Sieve for Holographic Applications.” <i>Nanophotonics</i>, vol. 10, no. 18, De Gruyter, 2021, pp. 4543–50, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440\">10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440</a>.","ama":"Frese D, Sain B, Zhou H, Wang Y, Huang L, Zentgraf T. A wavelength and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications. <i>Nanophotonics</i>. 2021;10(18):4543-4550. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440\">10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440</a>","bibtex":"@article{Frese_Sain_Zhou_Wang_Huang_Zentgraf_2021, title={A wavelength and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications}, volume={10}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440\">10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440</a>}, number={18}, journal={Nanophotonics}, publisher={De Gruyter}, author={Frese, Daniel and Sain, Basudeb and Zhou, Hongqiang and Wang, Yongtian and Huang, Lingling and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2021}, pages={4543–4550} }"},"project":[{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area A","_id":"54"},{"_id":"65","name":"TRR 142 - Subproject A8"}],"quality_controlled":"1"}]