---
_id: '62713'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) crystals are the fundamental
building block for highly-efficient quantum light sources and frequency converters.
The efficiency of these devices is strongly dependent on the interaction length
between the light and the nonlinear material, scaling quadratically with this
parameter. Nevertheless, the fabrication of long, continuously poled areas in
TFLN remains challenging, the length of continuously poled areas rarely exceeds
10 mm. In this work, we demonstrate a significant progress in this field achieving
the periodic poling of continuous poled areas of 70 mm length with a 3 μm poling
period and a close to 50 % duty cycle. We compare two poling electrode design
approaches to fabricate long, continuous poled areas. The first approach involves
the poling of a single, continuous 70 mm long electrode. The second utilize a
segmented approach including the poling of more than 20 individual sections forming
together a 70 mm long poling area with no stitching errors. While the continuous
electrode allows for faster fabrication, the segmented approach allows to individually
optimize the poling resulting in less duty cycle variation. A detailed analysis
of the periodic poling results reveals that the results of both are consistent
with previously reported poling outcomes for shorter devices. Thus, we demonstrate
wafer-scale periodic poling exceeding chiplet-size without any loss in the periodic
poling quality. Our work presents a key step towards highly-efficient, narrow-bandwidth
and low-pump power nonlinear optical devices.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Laura
full_name: Bollmers, Laura
id: '61375'
last_name: Bollmers
- first_name: Noah
full_name: Spiegelberg, Noah
last_name: Spiegelberg
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Rüsing, Michael
id: '22501'
last_name: Rüsing
orcid: 0000-0003-4682-4577
- first_name: Christof
full_name: Eigner, Christof
id: '13244'
last_name: Eigner
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Laura
full_name: Padberg, Laura
id: '40300'
last_name: Padberg
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
id: '26263'
last_name: Silberhorn
citation:
ama: Bollmers L, Spiegelberg N, Rüsing M, Eigner C, Padberg L, Silberhorn C. Segmented
finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale periodic poling
in thin-film lithium niobate. Nanophotonics. 2025;14:4761. doi:10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461
apa: Bollmers, L., Spiegelberg, N., Rüsing, M., Eigner, C., Padberg, L., & Silberhorn,
C. (2025). Segmented finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale
periodic poling in thin-film lithium niobate. Nanophotonics, 14,
4761. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461
bibtex: '@article{Bollmers_Spiegelberg_Rüsing_Eigner_Padberg_Silberhorn_2025, title={Segmented
finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale periodic poling
in thin-film lithium niobate}, volume={14}, DOI={10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461},
journal={Nanophotonics}, publisher={Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, author={Bollmers,
Laura and Spiegelberg, Noah and Rüsing, Michael and Eigner, Christof and Padberg,
Laura and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2025}, pages={4761} }'
chicago: 'Bollmers, Laura, Noah Spiegelberg, Michael Rüsing, Christof Eigner, Laura
Padberg, and Christine Silberhorn. “Segmented Finger Electrodes to Optimize Ultra-Long
Continuous Wafer-Scale Periodic Poling in Thin-Film Lithium Niobate.” Nanophotonics
14 (2025): 4761. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461.'
ieee: 'L. Bollmers, N. Spiegelberg, M. Rüsing, C. Eigner, L. Padberg, and C. Silberhorn,
“Segmented finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale periodic
poling in thin-film lithium niobate,” Nanophotonics, vol. 14, p. 4761,
2025, doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461.'
mla: Bollmers, Laura, et al. “Segmented Finger Electrodes to Optimize Ultra-Long
Continuous Wafer-Scale Periodic Poling in Thin-Film Lithium Niobate.” Nanophotonics,
vol. 14, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025, p. 4761, doi:10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461.
short: L. Bollmers, N. Spiegelberg, M. Rüsing, C. Eigner, L. Padberg, C. Silberhorn,
Nanophotonics 14 (2025) 4761.
date_created: 2025-12-01T08:45:07Z
date_updated: 2026-01-07T12:06:29Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '288'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461
intvolume: ' 14'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0461
oa: '1'
page: '4761'
publication: Nanophotonics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2192-8606
- 2192-8614
publication_status: published
publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Segmented finger electrodes to optimize ultra-long continuous wafer-scale periodic
poling in thin-film lithium niobate
type: journal_article
user_id: '22501'
volume: 14
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '26987'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Optical metasurfaces are perfect candidates for the phase and amplitude modulation
of light, featuring an excellent basis for holographic applications. In this work,
we present a dual amplitude holographic scheme based on the photon sieve principle,
which is then combined with a phase hologram by utilizing the Pancharatnam–Berry
phase. We demonstrate that two types of apertures, rectangular and square shapes
in a gold film filled with silicon nanoantennas are sufficient to create two amplitude
holograms at two different wavelengths in the visible, multiplexed with an additional
phase-only hologram. The nanoantennas are tailored to adjust the spectral transmittance
of the apertures, enabling the wavelength sensitivity. The phase-only hologram
is implemented by utilizing the anisotropic rectangular structure. Interestingly,
such three holograms have quantitative mathematical correlations with each other.
Thus, the flexibility of polarization and wavelength channels can be utilized
with custom-tailored features to achieve such amplitude and phase holography simultaneously
without sacrificing any space-bandwidth product. The present scheme has the potential
to store different pieces of information which can be displayed separately by
switching the wavelength or the polarization state of the reading light beam.
author:
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Frese, Daniel
last_name: Frese
- first_name: Basudeb
full_name: Sain, Basudeb
last_name: Sain
- first_name: Hongqiang
full_name: Zhou, Hongqiang
last_name: Zhou
- first_name: Yongtian
full_name: Wang, Yongtian
last_name: Wang
- first_name: Lingling
full_name: Huang, Lingling
last_name: Huang
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
id: '30525'
last_name: Zentgraf
orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
citation:
ama: Frese D, Sain B, Zhou H, Wang Y, Huang L, Zentgraf T. A wavelength and polarization
selective photon sieve for holographic applications. Nanophotonics. 2021;10(18):4543-4550.
doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440
apa: Frese, D., Sain, B., Zhou, H., Wang, Y., Huang, L., & Zentgraf, T. (2021).
A wavelength and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications.
Nanophotonics, 10(18), 4543–4550. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440
bibtex: '@article{Frese_Sain_Zhou_Wang_Huang_Zentgraf_2021, title={A wavelength
and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications}, volume={10},
DOI={10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440},
number={18}, journal={Nanophotonics}, publisher={De Gruyter}, author={Frese, Daniel
and Sain, Basudeb and Zhou, Hongqiang and Wang, Yongtian and Huang, Lingling and
Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2021}, pages={4543–4550} }'
chicago: 'Frese, Daniel, Basudeb Sain, Hongqiang Zhou, Yongtian Wang, Lingling Huang,
and Thomas Zentgraf. “A Wavelength and Polarization Selective Photon Sieve for
Holographic Applications.” Nanophotonics 10, no. 18 (2021): 4543–50. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440.'
ieee: 'D. Frese, B. Sain, H. Zhou, Y. Wang, L. Huang, and T. Zentgraf, “A wavelength
and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications,” Nanophotonics,
vol. 10, no. 18, pp. 4543–4550, 2021, doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440.'
mla: Frese, Daniel, et al. “A Wavelength and Polarization Selective Photon Sieve
for Holographic Applications.” Nanophotonics, vol. 10, no. 18, De Gruyter,
2021, pp. 4543–50, doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440.
short: D. Frese, B. Sain, H. Zhou, Y. Wang, L. Huang, T. Zentgraf, Nanophotonics
10 (2021) 4543–4550.
date_created: 2021-10-28T07:15:52Z
date_updated: 2022-01-20T07:33:16Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '289'
doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440
funded_apc: '1'
intvolume: ' 10'
issue: '18'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0440/html
oa: '1'
page: 4543-4550
project:
- _id: '53'
name: TRR 142
- _id: '54'
name: TRR 142 - Project Area A
- _id: '65'
name: TRR 142 - Subproject A8
publication: Nanophotonics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2192-8614
- 2192-8606
publication_status: published
publisher: De Gruyter
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: A wavelength and polarization selective photon sieve for holographic applications
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 10
year: '2021'
...