---
_id: '29728'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: '<jats:p>Purpose: This study aims at investigating how digitalisation (in
    the sense of industry 4.0) has changed the work of farmers and how they experience
    the changes from more traditional work to digitalised agriculture. It also investigates
    what knowledge farmers require on digitalised farms and how they acquire it. Dairy
    farming was used as domain of investigation since it, unlike other industries,
    has strongly been affected by digitalisation throughout the last years.Method:
    Exploratory interviews with 10 livestock farmers working on digitalised dairy
    farms were analysed using qualitative content analysis. A deductive and inductive
    coding strategy was used. Findings: Farming work has changed from more manual
    tasks towards symbol manipulation and data processing. Farmers must be able to
    use computers and other digital devices to retrieve and analyse sensor data that
    allow them to monitor and control the processes on their farm. For this new kind
    of work, farmers require elaborated mental models that link traditional farming
    knowledge with knowledge about digital systems, including a strong understanding
    of production processes underlying their farm. Learning is mostly based on instructions
    offered by manufacturers of the new technology as well as informal and non-formal
    learning modes. Even younger farmers report that digital technology was not sufficiently
    covered in their (vocational) degrees. In general, farmers emphasises the positive
    effects of digitalisation both on their working as well as private life. Conclusions:
    Farmers should be aware of the opportunities as well as the potential drawbacks
    of the digitalisation of work processes in agriculture. Providers of agricultural
    education (like vocational schools or training institutes) need to incorporate
    the knowledge and skills required to work in digitalised environments (e.g., data
    literacy) in their syllabi. Further studies are required to assess how digitalisation
    changes farming practices and what knowledge as well as skills linked to these
    developments are required in the future.</jats:p>'
author:
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Goller, Michael
  id: '30984'
  last_name: Goller
  orcid: 0000-0002-2820-9178
- first_name: Carina
  full_name: Caruso, Carina
  last_name: Caruso
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Harteis, Christian
  id: '27503'
  last_name: Harteis
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-7626
citation:
  ama: 'Goller M, Caruso C, Harteis C. Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and
    Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers. <i>International Journal for Research
    in Vocational Education and Training</i>. 2021;8(2):208-223. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4">10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4</a>'
  apa: 'Goller, M., Caruso, C., &#38; Harteis, C. (2021). Digitalisation in Agriculture:
    Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers. <i>International
    Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>, <i>8</i>(2), 208–223.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4">https://doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Goller_Caruso_Harteis_2021, title={Digitalisation in Agriculture:
    Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers}, volume={8}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4">10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4</a>}, number={2},
    journal={International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training},
    publisher={Uni Bremen Campus GmbH}, author={Goller, Michael and Caruso, Carina
    and Harteis, Christian}, year={2021}, pages={208–223} }'
  chicago: 'Goller, Michael, Carina Caruso, and Christian Harteis. “Digitalisation
    in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers.”
    <i>International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>
    8, no. 2 (2021): 208–23. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4">https://doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Goller, C. Caruso, and C. Harteis, “Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge
    and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers,” <i>International Journal for
    Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 208–223,
    2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4">10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4</a>.'
  mla: 'Goller, Michael, et al. “Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning
    Requirements of German Dairy Farmers.” <i>International Journal for Research in
    Vocational Education and Training</i>, vol. 8, no. 2, Uni Bremen Campus GmbH,
    2021, pp. 208–23, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4">10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4</a>.'
  short: M. Goller, C. Caruso, C. Harteis, International Journal for Research in Vocational
    Education and Training 8 (2021) 208–223.
date_created: 2022-02-03T11:37:42Z
date_updated: 2022-02-03T11:52:36Z
department:
- _id: '452'
doi: 10.13152/ijrvet.8.2.4
intvolume: '         8'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Education
language:
- iso: eng
page: 208-223
publication: International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2197-8646
  - 2197-8638
publication_status: published
publisher: Uni Bremen Campus GmbH
status: public
title: 'Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German
  Dairy Farmers'
type: journal_article
user_id: '74133'
volume: 8
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '35202'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Purpose: This study aims at investigating how digitalisation (in the sense
    of industry 4.0) has changed the work of farmers and how they experience the changes
    from more traditional work to digitalised agriculture. It also investigates what
    knowledge farmers require on digitalised farms and how they acquire it. Dairy
    farming was used as domain of investigation since it, unlike other industries,
    has strongly been affected by digitalisation throughout the last years.\r\n\r\nMethod:
    Exploratory interviews with 10 livestock farmers working on digitalised dairy
    farms were analysed using qualitative content analysis. A deductive and inductive
    coding strategy was used. \r\n\r\nFindings: Farming work has changed from more
    manual tasks towards symbol manipulation and data processing. Farmers must be
    able to use computers and other digital devices to retrieve and analyse sensor
    data that allow them to monitor and control the processes on their farm. For this
    new kind of work, farmers require elaborated mental models that link traditional
    farming knowledge with knowledge about digital systems, including a strong understanding
    of production processes underlying their farm. Learning is mostly based on instructions
    offered by manufacturers of the new technology as well as informal and non-formal
    learning modes. Even younger farmers report that digital technology was not sufficiently
    covered in their (vocational) degrees. In general, farmers emphasises the positive
    effects of digitalisation both on their working as well as private life. \r\n\r\nConclusions:
    Farmers should be aware of the opportunities as well as the potential drawbacks
    of the digitalisation of work processes in agriculture. Providers of agricultural
    education (like vocational schools or training institutes) need to incorporate
    the knowledge and skills required to work in digitalised environments (e.g., data
    literacy) in their syllabi. Further studies are required to assess how digitalisation
    changes farming practices and what knowledge as well as skills linked to these
    developments are required in the future."
author:
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Goller, Michael
  id: '30984'
  last_name: Goller
  orcid: 0000-0002-2820-9178
- first_name: Carina
  full_name: Caruso, Carina
  id: '23123'
  last_name: Caruso
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Harteis, Christian
  id: '27503'
  last_name: Harteis
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-7626
citation:
  ama: 'Goller M, Caruso C, Harteis C. Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and
    Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers. <i>International Journal for Research
    in Vocational Education and Training</i>. 2021;8(2):208–223. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  apa: 'Goller, M., Caruso, C., &#38; Harteis, C. (2021). Digitalisation in Agriculture:
    Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers. <i>International
    Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>, <i>8</i>(2), 208–223.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Goller_Caruso_Harteis_2021, title={Digitalisation in Agriculture:
    Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers}, volume={8}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>}, number={2},
    journal={International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training},
    author={Goller, Michael and Caruso, Carina and Harteis, Christian}, year={2021},
    pages={208–223} }'
  chicago: 'Goller, Michael, Carina Caruso, and Christian Harteis. “Digitalisation
    in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers.”
    <i>International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>
    8, no. 2 (2021): 208–223. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  ieee: 'M. Goller, C. Caruso, and C. Harteis, “Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge
    and Learning Requirements of German Dairy Farmers,” <i>International Journal for
    Research in Vocational Education and Training</i>, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 208–223,
    2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  mla: 'Goller, Michael, et al. “Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning
    Requirements of German Dairy Farmers.” <i>International Journal for Research in
    Vocational Education and Training</i>, vol. 8, no. 2, 2021, pp. 208–223, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.">10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.</a>'
  short: M. Goller, C. Caruso, C. Harteis, International Journal for Research in Vocational
    Education and Training 8 (2021) 208–223.
date_created: 2023-01-04T10:08:59Z
date_updated: 2023-01-06T12:17:27Z
doi: 10.13152/IJRVET.8.2.4.
intvolume: '         8'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Work-Based Learning
- Organisational Change
- Digital Competences
- Qualitative Research
- Digitalisation
- Farming
- Dairy
- VET
- Vocational Education and Training
language:
- iso: eng
page: 208–223
publication: International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2197-8646
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Digitalisation in Agriculture: Knowledge and Learning Requirements of German
  Dairy Farmers'
type: journal_article
user_id: '86519'
volume: 8
year: '2021'
...
