---
_id: '62883'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In a comparison of three human service
    organisations in which the human body plays a key role, we examine how organisations
    regulate religious body practices. We concentrate on Muslim norms of dressing
    and undressing as a potential focal point of cultural and religious diversity.
    Inspired by Ray’s (2019) idea of racialized organizations, we assume that state-run
    organizations in Germany are characterized by a strong commitment to religious
    tolerance and non-discrimination but also marked by anti-Muslim sentiment prevalent
    among the German population. Our study looks for mechanism that explain how Human
    Service Organizations accommodate Muslim body practices. It draws on qualitative
    empirical data collected in state-run hospitals, schools and swimming pools in
    Germany. Our analyses show that the organizations draw on formal and informal
    rules at the organizational level to accommodate Islam. We identify five general
    organizational mechanisms that may hinder Muslim accommodation in human service
    organizations. In particular, we see a risk of decoupling between the expectation
    of religious tolerance and processes that lead to informal discrimination, driven
    mainly by the difficulty of controlling group dynamics among users.</jats:p>
article_number: '32'
author:
- first_name: Maja
  full_name: Apelt, Maja
  last_name: Apelt
- first_name: Annika
  full_name: Koch, Annika
  last_name: Koch
- first_name: Ines
  full_name: Michalowski, Ines
  last_name: Michalowski
- first_name: Kaspar
  full_name: Molzberger, Kaspar
  last_name: Molzberger
- first_name: Liane
  full_name: Schenk, Liane
  last_name: Schenk
- first_name: Max Oliver
  full_name: Schmidt, Max Oliver
  last_name: Schmidt
citation:
  ama: 'Apelt M, Koch A, Michalowski I, Molzberger K, Schenk L, Schmidt MO. How organisations
    regulate Muslim body practices: a comparison of schools, hospitals, and swimming
    pools. <i>Comparative Migration Studies</i>. 2023;11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y">10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y</a>'
  apa: 'Apelt, M., Koch, A., Michalowski, I., Molzberger, K., Schenk, L., &#38; Schmidt,
    M. O. (2023). How organisations regulate Muslim body practices: a comparison of
    schools, hospitals, and swimming pools. <i>Comparative Migration Studies</i>,
    <i>11</i>, Article 32. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Apelt_Koch_Michalowski_Molzberger_Schenk_Schmidt_2023, title={How
    organisations regulate Muslim body practices: a comparison of schools, hospitals,
    and swimming pools}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y">10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y</a>},
    number={32}, journal={Comparative Migration Studies}, publisher={Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC}, author={Apelt, Maja and Koch, Annika and Michalowski,
    Ines and Molzberger, Kaspar and Schenk, Liane and Schmidt, Max Oliver}, year={2023}
    }'
  chicago: 'Apelt, Maja, Annika Koch, Ines Michalowski, Kaspar Molzberger, Liane Schenk,
    and Max Oliver Schmidt. “How Organisations Regulate Muslim Body Practices: A Comparison
    of Schools, Hospitals, and Swimming Pools.” <i>Comparative Migration Studies</i>
    11 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Apelt, A. Koch, I. Michalowski, K. Molzberger, L. Schenk, and M. O. Schmidt,
    “How organisations regulate Muslim body practices: a comparison of schools, hospitals,
    and swimming pools,” <i>Comparative Migration Studies</i>, vol. 11, Art. no. 32,
    2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y">10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y</a>.'
  mla: 'Apelt, Maja, et al. “How Organisations Regulate Muslim Body Practices: A Comparison
    of Schools, Hospitals, and Swimming Pools.” <i>Comparative Migration Studies</i>,
    vol. 11, 32, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y">10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y</a>.'
  short: M. Apelt, A. Koch, I. Michalowski, K. Molzberger, L. Schenk, M.O. Schmidt,
    Comparative Migration Studies 11 (2023).
date_created: 2025-12-04T13:56:36Z
date_updated: 2025-12-04T14:08:22Z
doi: 10.1186/s40878-023-00355-y
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Comparative Migration Studies
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2214-594X
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: 'How organisations regulate Muslim body practices: a comparison of schools,
  hospitals, and swimming pools'
type: journal_article
user_id: '116669'
volume: 11
year: '2023'
...