@article{47566,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The need for flexible process equipment has increased over the past decade in the chemical industry. However, process equipment such as distillation columns have limitations that significantly restrict flexible operation. We investigate a segmented tray column designed to allow flexible operation. The design consists of radial trays connected at the downcomer of each tray. Each segment can be operated separately, but depending on the capacity of the feed stream, additional segments can be activated or deactivated. The connection between the trays aims to transfer liquid from one stationary segment to the adjacent inactive segment, thereby reducing the time required for the start-up process. In a case study on the separation of methanol and water, we perform dynamic simulations to assess the reduction in the start-up time of inactive segments. The results confirm the advantages over standard tray designs. The segmented distillation column is a step towards improving the flexibility of separation operations.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Bruns, Bastian and Fasel, Henrik and Grünewald, Marcus and Riese, Julia}},
  issn         = {{2305-7084}},
  journal      = {{ChemEngineering}},
  keywords     = {{General Energy, General Engineering, General Chemical Engineering}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Development of a Dynamic Modeling Approach to Simulate a Segmented Distillation Column for Flexible Operation}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/chemengineering5040066}},
  volume       = {{5}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{47581,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The chemical industry has to deal with increasing uncertainties regarding the boundary conditions of their production processes. On the one hand, uncertainties affect the availability, quality, and prizes of raw material and energy. On the other hand, the demand side is affected by increasing volatilities in product demand and increasing requirements for product variety. These changing boundary conditions lead to higher needs for flexibility in production processes of the chemical industry. Within this article technical solutions for an enhancement of different forms of flexibility are presented for production concepts and apparatus concepts, respectively. The latter focuses on unit operations for the separation of gas–liquid mixtures. This includes a review regarding transformable, modular production processes and a classification of their field of application. Additionally, concepts for named unit operations on different scales are presented and discussed. The presented concepts are also classified with respect to the different types of flexibility.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Riese, Julia and Lier, Stefan and Paul, Sarah and Grünewald, Marcus}},
  issn         = {{2305-7084}},
  journal      = {{ChemEngineering}},
  keywords     = {{General Energy, General Engineering, General Chemical Engineering}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Flexibility Options for Absorption and Distillation to Adapt to Raw Material Supply and Product Demand Uncertainties: A Review}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/chemengineering3020044}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}