---
_id: '56108'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Engineering projects for complex
    technical systems such as automobiles demand extensive requirement specifications
    and corresponding hierarchy levels in system architectures. Especially when considering
    emergent phenomena, such as total weight or aerodynamics, a closely networked
    collaboration of discipline‐specific and cross‐disciplinary roles is required.
    Further, in large organizations with a group structure, resulting functional and
    non‐functional contents need to be managed by distinct Systems Engineering roles.
    For example, the role “property manager” takes care of achieving overarching product
    properties, such as weight or aerodynamics, which cannot be directly fixed, but
    result from many specifications. This paper proposes new Systems Engineering roles
    and their application in a German Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). For validation,
    the roles have already been applied in everyday engineering projects at the OEM.
    The concept proved to be indispensable and transferable to other Systems Engineering
    projects.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Iris
  full_name: Gräßler, Iris
  id: '47565'
  last_name: Gräßler
  orcid: 0000-0001-5765-971X
- first_name: Jan Niklas
  full_name: Pfeifer, Jan Niklas
  id: '62841'
  last_name: Pfeifer
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Hintz, Florian
  last_name: Hintz
- first_name: Nicolas
  full_name: Meyrl, Nicolas
  last_name: Meyrl
citation:
  ama: 'Gräßler I, Pfeifer JN, Hintz F, Meyrl N. Systems Engineering roles to handle
    emergent properties and behaviors in complex technical systems. In: <i>INCOSE
    International Symposium</i>. Vol 34. Wiley; 2024:584-598. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13164">10.1002/iis2.13164</a>'
  apa: Gräßler, I., Pfeifer, J. N., Hintz, F., &#38; Meyrl, N. (2024). Systems Engineering
    roles to handle emergent properties and behaviors in complex technical systems.
    <i>INCOSE International Symposium</i>, <i>34</i>(1), 584–598. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13164">https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13164</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Gräßler_Pfeifer_Hintz_Meyrl_2024, title={Systems Engineering
    roles to handle emergent properties and behaviors in complex technical systems},
    volume={34}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13164">10.1002/iis2.13164</a>},
    number={1}, booktitle={INCOSE International Symposium}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Gräßler,
    Iris and Pfeifer, Jan Niklas and Hintz, Florian and Meyrl, Nicolas}, year={2024},
    pages={584–598} }'
  chicago: Gräßler, Iris, Jan Niklas Pfeifer, Florian Hintz, and Nicolas Meyrl. “Systems
    Engineering Roles to Handle Emergent Properties and Behaviors in Complex Technical
    Systems.” In <i>INCOSE International Symposium</i>, 34:584–98. Wiley, 2024. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13164">https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13164</a>.
  ieee: 'I. Gräßler, J. N. Pfeifer, F. Hintz, and N. Meyrl, “Systems Engineering roles
    to handle emergent properties and behaviors in complex technical systems,” in
    <i>INCOSE International Symposium</i>, Dublin, Ireland, 2024, vol. 34, no. 1,
    pp. 584–598, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13164">10.1002/iis2.13164</a>.'
  mla: Gräßler, Iris, et al. “Systems Engineering Roles to Handle Emergent Properties
    and Behaviors in Complex Technical Systems.” <i>INCOSE International Symposium</i>,
    vol. 34, no. 1, Wiley, 2024, pp. 584–98, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13164">10.1002/iis2.13164</a>.
  short: 'I. Gräßler, J.N. Pfeifer, F. Hintz, N. Meyrl, in: INCOSE International Symposium,
    Wiley, 2024, pp. 584–598.'
conference:
  end_date: 2024-07-06
  location: Dublin, Ireland
  name: 34th Annual INCOSE International Symposium
  start_date: 2024-07-02
date_created: 2024-09-11T08:07:26Z
date_updated: 2024-09-11T08:22:55Z
department:
- _id: '152'
doi: 10.1002/iis2.13164
intvolume: '        34'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Systems Engineering roles
- properties
- features
- emergent phenomena
- automotive
language:
- iso: eng
page: 584-598
publication: INCOSE International Symposium
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2334-5837
  - 2334-5837
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Systems Engineering roles to handle emergent properties and behaviors in complex
  technical systems
type: conference
user_id: '62841'
volume: 34
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '58468'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Systems Engineering is developing
    differently in each sector and region. In German industry, especially in mechanical
    and plant engineering, Systems Engineering is of major importance. The introduction
    of Systems Engineering raises the question of which roles and competencies are
    required. This article examines the evolution of roles in Systems Engineering
    from a German perspective. Based on a literature review, the evolution of the
    identified Systems Engineering roles over time is shown, starting with the seminal
    publication by Sheard in 1996. It points out that only minimal adjustments and
    occasional role renaming have occurred. However, the review shows a common understanding
    of essential areas of responsibility within the SE and changes over time. The
    next step is to examine the current understanding of Systems Engineering roles
    in the industry. A quantitative analysis of job postings in Germany reveals a
    diverse interpretation of the term 'Systems Engineer; more than half of the positions
    cannot be categorized according to the INCOSE definitions. The job postings are
    used to determine which tasks are associated with the job, how often they occur,
    and in what combination. The primary responsibilities of systems engineers include
    creating and managing requirements, architecture processes, validation, and verification
    processes, and coordinating with customers and stakeholders. Finally, three representative
    companies from the mechanical and plant engineering sector were selected to analyze
    existing roles and tasks. From this, a common understanding of tasks and responsibilities
    is combined and organized into clusters. These are used by the companies to locate
    and thus derive their roles. The result is in an integrative approach that enables
    companies, especially in the midsize and medium sectors, to design the introduction
    in line with stakeholder demands. In summary, the industry's ongoing adaptation
    necessitates the evolution of Systems Engineering roles and competencies for successful
    and sustainable development and implementation of systems.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Lydia
  full_name: Kaiser, Lydia
  last_name: Kaiser
- first_name: Daria
  full_name: Wilke, Daria
  last_name: Wilke
- first_name: Felix
  full_name: Förster, Felix
  last_name: Förster
- first_name: Ingmarie
  full_name: Köhler, Ingmarie
  last_name: Köhler
- first_name: Roman
  full_name: Dumitrescu, Roman
  id: '16190'
  last_name: Dumitrescu
citation:
  ama: Kaiser L, Wilke D, Förster F, Köhler I, Dumitrescu R. Evolving Roles in Systems
    Engineering —‐ Insights from Germany’s Mechanical and Plant Engineering Sector.
    <i>INCOSE International Symposium</i>. 2024;34(1):1413-1428. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13216">10.1002/iis2.13216</a>
  apa: Kaiser, L., Wilke, D., Förster, F., Köhler, I., &#38; Dumitrescu, R. (2024).
    Evolving Roles in Systems Engineering —‐ Insights from Germany’s Mechanical and
    Plant Engineering Sector. <i>INCOSE International Symposium</i>, <i>34</i>(1),
    1413–1428. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13216">https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13216</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Kaiser_Wilke_Förster_Köhler_Dumitrescu_2024, title={Evolving Roles
    in Systems Engineering —‐ Insights from Germany’s Mechanical and Plant Engineering
    Sector}, volume={34}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13216">10.1002/iis2.13216</a>},
    number={1}, journal={INCOSE International Symposium}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kaiser,
    Lydia and Wilke, Daria and Förster, Felix and Köhler, Ingmarie and Dumitrescu,
    Roman}, year={2024}, pages={1413–1428} }'
  chicago: 'Kaiser, Lydia, Daria Wilke, Felix Förster, Ingmarie Köhler, and Roman
    Dumitrescu. “Evolving Roles in Systems Engineering —‐ Insights from Germany’s
    Mechanical and Plant Engineering Sector.” <i>INCOSE International Symposium</i>
    34, no. 1 (2024): 1413–28. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13216">https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13216</a>.'
  ieee: 'L. Kaiser, D. Wilke, F. Förster, I. Köhler, and R. Dumitrescu, “Evolving
    Roles in Systems Engineering —‐ Insights from Germany’s Mechanical and Plant Engineering
    Sector,” <i>INCOSE International Symposium</i>, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1413–1428,
    2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13216">10.1002/iis2.13216</a>.'
  mla: Kaiser, Lydia, et al. “Evolving Roles in Systems Engineering —‐ Insights from
    Germany’s Mechanical and Plant Engineering Sector.” <i>INCOSE International Symposium</i>,
    vol. 34, no. 1, Wiley, 2024, pp. 1413–28, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/iis2.13216">10.1002/iis2.13216</a>.
  short: L. Kaiser, D. Wilke, F. Förster, I. Köhler, R. Dumitrescu, INCOSE International
    Symposium 34 (2024) 1413–1428.
date_created: 2025-01-31T13:19:03Z
date_updated: 2025-01-31T13:19:24Z
department:
- _id: '563'
doi: 10.1002/iis2.13216
intvolume: '        34'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1413-1428
publication: INCOSE International Symposium
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2334-5837
  - 2334-5837
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
status: public
title: Evolving Roles in Systems Engineering —‐ Insights from Germany's Mechanical
  and Plant Engineering Sector
type: journal_article
user_id: '15782'
volume: 34
year: '2024'
...