--- _id: '66041' article_number: acssensors.6c01100 author: - first_name: Sven full_name: Voth, Sven last_name: Voth - first_name: Zhenyu full_name: Zhao, Zhenyu last_name: Zhao - first_name: Dominik full_name: Baier, Dominik last_name: Baier - first_name: Alexandra full_name: Glass, Alexandra last_name: Glass - first_name: Hossam full_name: Elgabarty, Hossam last_name: Elgabarty - first_name: Oskar J. full_name: Sandberg, Oskar J. last_name: Sandberg - first_name: Guido full_name: Grundmeier, Guido last_name: Grundmeier - first_name: Michael full_name: Tiemann, Michael last_name: Tiemann - first_name: Jan-Henrik full_name: Smått, Jan-Henrik last_name: Smått - first_name: Nicklas full_name: Anttu, Nicklas last_name: Anttu - first_name: Maria Teresa full_name: de los Arcos de Pedro, Maria Teresa id: '54556' last_name: de los Arcos de Pedro orcid: '0000-0002-8684-273X ' - first_name: Christian full_name: Weinberger, Christian last_name: Weinberger citation: ama: 'Voth S, Zhao Z, Baier D, et al. Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In ₂ O ₃ Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better. ACS Sensors. Published online 2026. doi:10.1021/acssensors.6c01100' apa: 'Voth, S., Zhao, Z., Baier, D., Glass, A., Elgabarty, H., Sandberg, O. J., Grundmeier, G., Tiemann, M., Smått, J.-H., Anttu, N., de los Arcos de Pedro, M. T., & Weinberger, C. (2026). Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In ₂ O ₃ Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better. ACS Sensors, Article acssensors.6c01100. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6c01100' bibtex: '@article{Voth_Zhao_Baier_Glass_Elgabarty_Sandberg_Grundmeier_Tiemann_Smått_Anttu_et al._2026, title={Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In ₂ O ₃ Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better}, DOI={10.1021/acssensors.6c01100}, number={acssensors.6c01100}, journal={ACS Sensors}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Voth, Sven and Zhao, Zhenyu and Baier, Dominik and Glass, Alexandra and Elgabarty, Hossam and Sandberg, Oskar J. and Grundmeier, Guido and Tiemann, Michael and Smått, Jan-Henrik and Anttu, Nicklas and et al.}, year={2026} }' chicago: 'Voth, Sven, Zhenyu Zhao, Dominik Baier, Alexandra Glass, Hossam Elgabarty, Oskar J. Sandberg, Guido Grundmeier, et al. “Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In ₂ O ₃ Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better.” ACS Sensors, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6c01100.' ieee: 'S. Voth et al., “Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In ₂ O ₃ Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better,” ACS Sensors, Art. no. acssensors.6c01100, 2026, doi: 10.1021/acssensors.6c01100.' mla: 'Voth, Sven, et al. “Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In ₂ O ₃ Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better.” ACS Sensors, acssensors.6c01100, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2026, doi:10.1021/acssensors.6c01100.' short: S. Voth, Z. Zhao, D. Baier, A. Glass, H. Elgabarty, O.J. Sandberg, G. Grundmeier, M. Tiemann, J.-H. Smått, N. Anttu, M.T. de los Arcos de Pedro, C. Weinberger, ACS Sensors (2026). date_created: 2026-06-25T12:16:32Z date_updated: 2026-06-25T12:18:13Z department: - _id: '302' doi: 10.1021/acssensors.6c01100 language: - iso: eng publication: ACS Sensors publication_identifier: issn: - 2379-3694 - 2379-3694 publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS) status: public title: 'Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In ₂ O ₃ Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better' type: journal_article user_id: '54556' year: '2026' ... --- _id: '66036' abstract: - lang: eng text: Light-assisted metal oxide-based chemiresistive gas sensors are widely explored for operation at relatively low temperatures, yet the investigation of the role of irradiance, as opposed to wavelength, remains underrepresented. Here, we systematically quantify the irradiance-dependent behavior of ordered mesoporous In2O3 under visible light illumination. Photoconductivity measurements reveal two distinct irradiance regimes consistent with trap-limited transport at low power and recombination- or saturation-limited transport at high power. Gas sensing experiments towards CO and H2 show a pronounced non-monotonic response, reaching maximum responses of 0.74 for 135 ppm CO at 67 mW cm−2 and 0.64 for 90 ppm H2 at 11 mW cm−2, followed by strong suppression at higher irradiance. Illumination also accelerated the response kinetics. At 60 ppm, t90 decreases from 96 to 12 s for CO and 141 to 27 s for H2, corresponding to an 8- and 5-fold faster response time, respectively. Near-ambient pressure-XPS under controlled atmosphere and density functional theory calculations indicate defect-mediated excitation. Oxygen vacancy states and illumination-induced modification of surface oxygen species govern this behavior. The results establish irradiance as a critical mechanistic parameter that determines whether In2O3 operates in a surface-controlled or bulk photoconductive regime. These findings highlight the need to explicitly optimize and report irradiance in illuminated gas sensor studies, and not only the power consumption of the light source. article_number: acssensors.6c01100 article_type: original author: - first_name: Sven full_name: Voth, Sven last_name: Voth - first_name: Zhenyu full_name: Zhao, Zhenyu last_name: Zhao - first_name: Dominik full_name: Baier, Dominik last_name: Baier - first_name: Alexandra full_name: Glass, Alexandra last_name: Glass - first_name: Hossam full_name: Elgabarty, Hossam id: '60250' last_name: Elgabarty orcid: 0000-0002-4945-1481 - first_name: Oskar J. full_name: Sandberg, Oskar J. last_name: Sandberg - first_name: Guido full_name: Grundmeier, Guido id: '194' last_name: Grundmeier - first_name: Michael full_name: Tiemann, Michael id: '23547' last_name: Tiemann orcid: 0000-0003-1711-2722 - first_name: Jan-Henrik full_name: Smått, Jan-Henrik last_name: Smått - first_name: Nicklas full_name: Anttu, Nicklas last_name: Anttu - first_name: Teresa full_name: de los Arcos, Teresa last_name: de los Arcos - first_name: Christian full_name: Weinberger, Christian id: '11848' last_name: Weinberger citation: ama: 'Voth S, Zhao Z, Baier D, et al. Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In₂O₃Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better. ACS Sensors. 2026;11(7). doi:10.1021/acssensors.6c01100' apa: 'Voth, S., Zhao, Z., Baier, D., Glass, A., Elgabarty, H., Sandberg, O. J., Grundmeier, G., Tiemann, M., Smått, J.-H., Anttu, N., de los Arcos, T., & Weinberger, C. (2026). Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In₂O₃Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better. ACS Sensors, 11(7), Article acssensors.6c01100. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6c01100' bibtex: '@article{Voth_Zhao_Baier_Glass_Elgabarty_Sandberg_Grundmeier_Tiemann_Smått_Anttu_et al._2026, title={Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In₂O₃Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1021/acssensors.6c01100}, number={7acssensors.6c01100}, journal={ACS Sensors}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Voth, Sven and Zhao, Zhenyu and Baier, Dominik and Glass, Alexandra and Elgabarty, Hossam and Sandberg, Oskar J. and Grundmeier, Guido and Tiemann, Michael and Smått, Jan-Henrik and Anttu, Nicklas and et al.}, year={2026} }' chicago: 'Voth, Sven, Zhenyu Zhao, Dominik Baier, Alexandra Glass, Hossam Elgabarty, Oskar J. Sandberg, Guido Grundmeier, et al. “Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In₂O₃Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better.” ACS Sensors 11, no. 7 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.6c01100.' ieee: 'S. Voth et al., “Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In₂O₃Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better,” ACS Sensors, vol. 11, no. 7, Art. no. acssensors.6c01100, 2026, doi: 10.1021/acssensors.6c01100.' mla: 'Voth, Sven, et al. “Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In₂O₃Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better.” ACS Sensors, vol. 11, no. 7, acssensors.6c01100, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2026, doi:10.1021/acssensors.6c01100.' short: S. Voth, Z. Zhao, D. Baier, A. Glass, H. Elgabarty, O.J. Sandberg, G. Grundmeier, M. Tiemann, J.-H. Smått, N. Anttu, T. de los Arcos, C. Weinberger, ACS Sensors 11 (2026). date_created: 2026-06-24T10:36:11Z date_updated: 2026-07-27T12:18:15Z doi: 10.1021/acssensors.6c01100 intvolume: ' 11' issue: '7' keyword: - resistive gas sensing - indium oxide - photoactivation - irradiance - photoconductivity - charge carrier dynamics - oxygen vacancies language: - iso: eng project: - _id: '1130' name: Exploration of optoelectronic properties of metal oxides used in gas sensors and solar cells publication: ACS Sensors publication_identifier: issn: - 2379-3694 - 2379-3694 publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS) status: public title: 'Role of Irradiance in Light-Activated In₂O₃Gas Sensors: Why More Light Is Not Always Better' type: journal_article user_id: '11848' volume: 11 year: '2026' ... --- _id: '61015' author: - first_name: Dominik full_name: Baier, Dominik last_name: Baier - first_name: Laureen full_name: Kieke, Laureen last_name: Kieke - first_name: Sven full_name: Voth, Sven last_name: Voth - first_name: Marvin full_name: Kloß, Marvin last_name: Kloß - first_name: Marten full_name: Huck, Marten last_name: Huck - first_name: Hans-Georg full_name: Steinrück, Hans-Georg id: '84268' last_name: Steinrück orcid: 0000-0001-6373-0877 - first_name: Michael full_name: Tiemann, Michael id: '23547' last_name: Tiemann orcid: 0000-0003-1711-2722 citation: ama: 'Baier D, Kieke L, Voth S, et al. Selective H₂ Gas Sensing Using ZIF-71/In-SnO₂ Bilayer Sensors: A Size-Selective Molecular Sieving Approach. ACS Sensors. 2025;10(8):5664-5673. doi:10.1021/acssensors.5c00770' apa: 'Baier, D., Kieke, L., Voth, S., Kloß, M., Huck, M., Steinrück, H.-G., & Tiemann, M. (2025). Selective H₂ Gas Sensing Using ZIF-71/In-SnO₂ Bilayer Sensors: A Size-Selective Molecular Sieving Approach. ACS Sensors, 10(8), 5664–5673. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00770' bibtex: '@article{Baier_Kieke_Voth_Kloß_Huck_Steinrück_Tiemann_2025, title={Selective H₂ Gas Sensing Using ZIF-71/In-SnO₂ Bilayer Sensors: A Size-Selective Molecular Sieving Approach}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1021/acssensors.5c00770}, number={8}, journal={ACS Sensors}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Baier, Dominik and Kieke, Laureen and Voth, Sven and Kloß, Marvin and Huck, Marten and Steinrück, Hans-Georg and Tiemann, Michael}, year={2025}, pages={5664–5673} }' chicago: 'Baier, Dominik, Laureen Kieke, Sven Voth, Marvin Kloß, Marten Huck, Hans-Georg Steinrück, and Michael Tiemann. “Selective H₂ Gas Sensing Using ZIF-71/In-SnO₂ Bilayer Sensors: A Size-Selective Molecular Sieving Approach.” ACS Sensors 10, no. 8 (2025): 5664–73. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00770.' ieee: 'D. Baier et al., “Selective H₂ Gas Sensing Using ZIF-71/In-SnO₂ Bilayer Sensors: A Size-Selective Molecular Sieving Approach,” ACS Sensors, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 5664–5673, 2025, doi: 10.1021/acssensors.5c00770.' mla: 'Baier, Dominik, et al. “Selective H₂ Gas Sensing Using ZIF-71/In-SnO₂ Bilayer Sensors: A Size-Selective Molecular Sieving Approach.” ACS Sensors, vol. 10, no. 8, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2025, pp. 5664–73, doi:10.1021/acssensors.5c00770.' short: D. Baier, L. Kieke, S. Voth, M. Kloß, M. Huck, H.-G. Steinrück, M. Tiemann, ACS Sensors 10 (2025) 5664–5673. date_created: 2025-08-26T06:58:26Z date_updated: 2025-08-26T06:59:13Z department: - _id: '35' - _id: '2' - _id: '307' doi: 10.1021/acssensors.5c00770 intvolume: ' 10' issue: '8' language: - iso: eng page: 5664-5673 publication: ACS Sensors publication_identifier: issn: - 2379-3694 - 2379-3694 publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Selective H₂ Gas Sensing Using ZIF-71/In-SnO₂ Bilayer Sensors: A Size-Selective Molecular Sieving Approach' type: journal_article user_id: '23547' volume: 10 year: '2025' ... --- _id: '43457' abstract: - lang: eng text: The production of hydrogen and the utilization of biomass for sustainable concepts of energy conversion and storage require gas sensors that discriminate between hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Mesoporous copper–ceria (Cu–CeO2) materials with large specific surface areas and uniform porosity are prepared by nanocasting, and their textural properties are characterized by N2 physisorption, powder XRD, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The oxidation states of copper (Cu+, Cu2+) and cerium (Ce3+, Ce4+) are investigated by XPS. The materials are used as resistive gas sensors for H2 and CO. The sensors show a stronger response to CO than to H2 and low cross-sensitivity to humidity. Copper turns out to be a necessary component; copper-free ceria materials prepared by the same method show only poor sensing performance. By measuring both gases (CO and H2) simultaneously, it is shown that this behavior can be utilized for selective sensing of CO in the presence of H2. author: - first_name: Dominik full_name: Baier, Dominik last_name: Baier - first_name: Tatiana full_name: Priamushko, Tatiana last_name: Priamushko - first_name: Christian full_name: Weinberger, Christian id: '11848' last_name: Weinberger - first_name: Freddy full_name: Kleitz, Freddy last_name: Kleitz - first_name: Michael full_name: Tiemann, Michael id: '23547' last_name: Tiemann orcid: 0000-0003-1711-2722 citation: ama: Baier D, Priamushko T, Weinberger C, Kleitz F, Tiemann M. Selective Discrimination between CO and H2 with Copper–Ceria-Resistive Gas Sensors. ACS Sensors. 2023;8(4):1616-1623. doi:10.1021/acssensors.2c02739 apa: Baier, D., Priamushko, T., Weinberger, C., Kleitz, F., & Tiemann, M. (2023). Selective Discrimination between CO and H2 with Copper–Ceria-Resistive Gas Sensors. ACS Sensors, 8(4), 1616–1623. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.2c02739 bibtex: '@article{Baier_Priamushko_Weinberger_Kleitz_Tiemann_2023, title={Selective Discrimination between CO and H2 with Copper–Ceria-Resistive Gas Sensors}, volume={8}, DOI={10.1021/acssensors.2c02739}, number={4}, journal={ACS Sensors}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Baier, Dominik and Priamushko, Tatiana and Weinberger, Christian and Kleitz, Freddy and Tiemann, Michael}, year={2023}, pages={1616–1623} }' chicago: 'Baier, Dominik, Tatiana Priamushko, Christian Weinberger, Freddy Kleitz, and Michael Tiemann. “Selective Discrimination between CO and H2 with Copper–Ceria-Resistive Gas Sensors.” ACS Sensors 8, no. 4 (2023): 1616–23. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.2c02739.' ieee: 'D. Baier, T. Priamushko, C. Weinberger, F. Kleitz, and M. Tiemann, “Selective Discrimination between CO and H2 with Copper–Ceria-Resistive Gas Sensors,” ACS Sensors, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1616–1623, 2023, doi: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02739.' mla: Baier, Dominik, et al. “Selective Discrimination between CO and H2 with Copper–Ceria-Resistive Gas Sensors.” ACS Sensors, vol. 8, no. 4, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023, pp. 1616–23, doi:10.1021/acssensors.2c02739. short: D. Baier, T. Priamushko, C. Weinberger, F. Kleitz, M. Tiemann, ACS Sensors 8 (2023) 1616–1623. date_created: 2023-04-12T06:52:34Z date_updated: 2023-05-01T05:47:53Z department: - _id: '35' - _id: '2' - _id: '307' doi: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02739 intvolume: ' 8' issue: '4' keyword: - Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes - Process Chemistry and Technology - Instrumentation - Bioengineering language: - iso: eng page: 1616 - 1623 publication: ACS Sensors publication_identifier: issn: - 2379-3694 - 2379-3694 publication_status: published publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS) quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Selective Discrimination between CO and H2 with Copper–Ceria-Resistive Gas Sensors type: journal_article user_id: '23547' volume: 8 year: '2023' ...