@article{51371,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>In this paper, we investigate the effect of distractions and hesitations as a scaffolding strategy. Recent research points to the potential beneficial effects of a speaker’s hesitations on the listeners’ comprehension of utterances, although results from studies on this issue indicate that humans do not make strategic use of them. The role of hesitations and their communicative function in human-human interaction is a much-discussed topic in current research. To better understand the underlying cognitive processes, we developed a human–robot interaction (HRI) setup that allows the measurement of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of a human participant while interacting with a robot. We thereby address the research question of whether we find effects on single-trial EEG based on the distraction and the corresponding robot’s hesitation scaffolding strategy. To carry out the experiments, we leverage our LabLinking method, which enables interdisciplinary joint research between remote labs. This study could not have been conducted without LabLinking, as the two involved labs needed to combine their individual expertise and equipment to achieve the goal together. The results of our study indicate that the EEG correlates in the distracted condition are different from the baseline condition without distractions. Furthermore, we could differentiate the EEG correlates of distraction with and without a hesitation scaffolding strategy. This proof-of-concept study shows that LabLinking makes it possible to conduct collaborative HRI studies in remote laboratories and lays the first foundation for more in-depth research into robotic scaffolding strategies.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Richter, Birte and Putze, Felix and Ivucic, Gabriel and Brandt, Mara and Schütze, Christian and Reisenhofer, Rafael and Wrede, Britta and Schultz, Tanja}},
  issn         = {{2414-4088}},
  journal      = {{Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}},
  keywords     = {{Computer Networks and Communications, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Neuroscience (miscellaneous)}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{EEG Correlates of Distractions and Hesitations in Human–Robot Interaction: A LabLinking Pilot Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/mti7040037}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{37613,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Chemical phenomena are only observable on a macroscopic level, whereas they are explained by entities on a non-visible level. Students often demonstrate limited ability to link these different levels. Augmented reality (AR) offers the possibility to increase contiguity by embedding virtual models into hands-on experiments. Therefore, this paper presents a pre- and post-test study investigating how learning and cognitive load are influenced by AR during hands-on experiments. Three comparison groups (AR, animation and filmstrip), with a total of N = 104 German secondary school students, conducted and explained two hands-on experiments. Whereas the AR group was allowed to use an AR app showing virtual models of the processes on the submicroscopic level during the experiments, the two other groups were provided with the same dynamic or static models after experimenting. Results indicate no significant learning gain for the AR group in contrast to the two other groups. The perceived intrinsic cognitive load was higher for the AR group in both experiments as well as the extraneous load in the second experiment. It can be concluded that AR could not unleash its theoretically derived potential in the present study.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Peeters, Hendrik and Habig, Sebastian and Fechner, Sabine}},
  issn         = {{2414-4088}},
  journal      = {{Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}},
  keywords     = {{augmented reality, chemistry education, models, experiment, cognitive load}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Does augmented reality help to understand chemical phenomena during hands-on experiments?–Implications for cognitive load and learning}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/mti7020009}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}