---
_id: '51371'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>In this paper, we investigate the effect of distractions and hesitations
    as a scaffolding strategy. Recent research points to the potential beneficial
    effects of a speaker’s hesitations on the listeners’ comprehension of utterances,
    although results from studies on this issue indicate that humans do not make strategic
    use of them. The role of hesitations and their communicative function in human-human
    interaction is a much-discussed topic in current research. To better understand
    the underlying cognitive processes, we developed a human–robot interaction (HRI)
    setup that allows the measurement of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of
    a human participant while interacting with a robot. We thereby address the research
    question of whether we find effects on single-trial EEG based on the distraction
    and the corresponding robot’s hesitation scaffolding strategy. To carry out the
    experiments, we leverage our LabLinking method, which enables interdisciplinary
    joint research between remote labs. This study could not have been conducted without
    LabLinking, as the two involved labs needed to combine their individual expertise
    and equipment to achieve the goal together. The results of our study indicate
    that the EEG correlates in the distracted condition are different from the baseline
    condition without distractions. Furthermore, we could differentiate the EEG correlates
    of distraction with and without a hesitation scaffolding strategy. This proof-of-concept
    study shows that LabLinking makes it possible to conduct collaborative HRI studies
    in remote laboratories and lays the first foundation for more in-depth research
    into robotic scaffolding strategies.</jats:p>
article_number: '37'
author:
- first_name: Birte
  full_name: Richter, Birte
  last_name: Richter
- first_name: Felix
  full_name: Putze, Felix
  last_name: Putze
- first_name: Gabriel
  full_name: Ivucic, Gabriel
  last_name: Ivucic
- first_name: Mara
  full_name: Brandt, Mara
  last_name: Brandt
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Schütze, Christian
  last_name: Schütze
- first_name: Rafael
  full_name: Reisenhofer, Rafael
  last_name: Reisenhofer
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Wrede, Britta
  last_name: Wrede
- first_name: Tanja
  full_name: Schultz, Tanja
  last_name: Schultz
citation:
  ama: 'Richter B, Putze F, Ivucic G, et al. EEG Correlates of Distractions and Hesitations
    in Human–Robot Interaction: A LabLinking Pilot Study. <i>Multimodal Technologies
    and Interaction</i>. 2023;7(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7040037">10.3390/mti7040037</a>'
  apa: 'Richter, B., Putze, F., Ivucic, G., Brandt, M., Schütze, C., Reisenhofer,
    R., Wrede, B., &#38; Schultz, T. (2023). EEG Correlates of Distractions and Hesitations
    in Human–Robot Interaction: A LabLinking Pilot Study. <i>Multimodal Technologies
    and Interaction</i>, <i>7</i>(4), Article 37. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7040037">https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7040037</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Richter_Putze_Ivucic_Brandt_Schütze_Reisenhofer_Wrede_Schultz_2023,
    title={EEG Correlates of Distractions and Hesitations in Human–Robot Interaction:
    A LabLinking Pilot Study}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7040037">10.3390/mti7040037</a>},
    number={437}, journal={Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}, publisher={MDPI
    AG}, author={Richter, Birte and Putze, Felix and Ivucic, Gabriel and Brandt, Mara
    and Schütze, Christian and Reisenhofer, Rafael and Wrede, Britta and Schultz,
    Tanja}, year={2023} }'
  chicago: 'Richter, Birte, Felix Putze, Gabriel Ivucic, Mara Brandt, Christian Schütze,
    Rafael Reisenhofer, Britta Wrede, and Tanja Schultz. “EEG Correlates of Distractions
    and Hesitations in Human–Robot Interaction: A LabLinking Pilot Study.” <i>Multimodal
    Technologies and Interaction</i> 7, no. 4 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7040037">https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7040037</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Richter <i>et al.</i>, “EEG Correlates of Distractions and Hesitations
    in Human–Robot Interaction: A LabLinking Pilot Study,” <i>Multimodal Technologies
    and Interaction</i>, vol. 7, no. 4, Art. no. 37, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7040037">10.3390/mti7040037</a>.'
  mla: 'Richter, Birte, et al. “EEG Correlates of Distractions and Hesitations in
    Human–Robot Interaction: A LabLinking Pilot Study.” <i>Multimodal Technologies
    and Interaction</i>, vol. 7, no. 4, 37, MDPI AG, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7040037">10.3390/mti7040037</a>.'
  short: B. Richter, F. Putze, G. Ivucic, M. Brandt, C. Schütze, R. Reisenhofer, B.
    Wrede, T. Schultz, Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 7 (2023).
date_created: 2024-02-18T10:45:53Z
date_updated: 2024-02-26T08:44:32Z
department:
- _id: '660'
doi: 10.3390/mti7040037
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- Computer Networks and Communications
- Computer Science Applications
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Neuroscience (miscellaneous)
language:
- iso: eng
project:
- _id: '113'
  name: 'TRR 318 - A3: TRR 318 - Subproject A3'
- _id: '115'
  grant_number: '438445824'
  name: 'TRR 318 - A05: TRR 318 - Echtzeitmessung der Aufmerksamkeit im Mensch-Roboter-Erklärdialog
    (Teilprojekt A05)'
publication: Multimodal Technologies and Interaction
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2414-4088
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
status: public
title: 'EEG Correlates of Distractions and Hesitations in Human–Robot Interaction:
  A LabLinking Pilot Study'
type: journal_article
user_id: '54779'
volume: 7
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '37613'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>Chemical phenomena are only observable on a macroscopic level, whereas
    they are explained by entities on a non-visible level. Students often demonstrate
    limited ability to link these different levels. Augmented reality (AR) offers
    the possibility to increase contiguity by embedding virtual models into hands-on
    experiments. Therefore, this paper presents a pre- and post-test study investigating
    how learning and cognitive load are influenced by AR during hands-on experiments.
    Three comparison groups (AR, animation and filmstrip), with a total of N = 104
    German secondary school students, conducted and explained two hands-on experiments.
    Whereas the AR group was allowed to use an AR app showing virtual models of the
    processes on the submicroscopic level during the experiments, the two other groups
    were provided with the same dynamic or static models after experimenting. Results
    indicate no significant learning gain for the AR group in contrast to the two
    other groups. The perceived intrinsic cognitive load was higher for the AR group
    in both experiments as well as the extraneous load in the second experiment. It
    can be concluded that AR could not unleash its theoretically derived potential
    in the present study.</jats:p>
article_number: '9'
author:
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Peeters, Hendrik
  id: '49942'
  last_name: Peeters
  orcid: https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-7143-3781
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Habig, Sebastian
  last_name: Habig
- first_name: Sabine
  full_name: Fechner, Sabine
  id: '54823'
  last_name: Fechner
  orcid: 0000-0001-5645-5870
citation:
  ama: Peeters H, Habig S, Fechner S. Does augmented reality help to understand chemical
    phenomena during hands-on experiments?–Implications for cognitive load and learning.
    <i>Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</i>. 2023;7(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020009">10.3390/mti7020009</a>
  apa: Peeters, H., Habig, S., &#38; Fechner, S. (2023). Does augmented reality help
    to understand chemical phenomena during hands-on experiments?–Implications for
    cognitive load and learning. <i>Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</i>, <i>7</i>(2),
    Article 9. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020009">https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020009</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Peeters_Habig_Fechner_2023, title={Does augmented reality help
    to understand chemical phenomena during hands-on experiments?–Implications for
    cognitive load and learning}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020009">10.3390/mti7020009</a>},
    number={29}, journal={Multimodal Technologies and Interaction}, publisher={MDPI
    AG}, author={Peeters, Hendrik and Habig, Sebastian and Fechner, Sabine}, year={2023}
    }'
  chicago: Peeters, Hendrik, Sebastian Habig, and Sabine Fechner. “Does Augmented
    Reality Help to Understand Chemical Phenomena during Hands-on Experiments?–Implications
    for Cognitive Load and Learning.” <i>Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</i>
    7, no. 2 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020009">https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020009</a>.
  ieee: 'H. Peeters, S. Habig, and S. Fechner, “Does augmented reality help to understand
    chemical phenomena during hands-on experiments?–Implications for cognitive load
    and learning,” <i>Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</i>, vol. 7, no. 2,
    Art. no. 9, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020009">10.3390/mti7020009</a>.'
  mla: Peeters, Hendrik, et al. “Does Augmented Reality Help to Understand Chemical
    Phenomena during Hands-on Experiments?–Implications for Cognitive Load and Learning.”
    <i>Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, 9, MDPI AG, 2023,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020009">10.3390/mti7020009</a>.
  short: H. Peeters, S. Habig, S. Fechner, Multimodal Technologies and Interaction
    7 (2023).
date_created: 2023-01-19T15:02:21Z
date_updated: 2025-12-11T13:36:33Z
department:
- _id: '386'
- _id: '33'
doi: 10.3390/mti7020009
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- augmented reality
- chemistry education
- models
- experiment
- cognitive load
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/7/2/9
oa: '1'
publication: Multimodal Technologies and Interaction
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2414-4088
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Does augmented reality help to understand chemical phenomena during hands-on
  experiments?–Implications for cognitive load and learning
type: journal_article
user_id: '54823'
volume: 7
year: '2023'
...