---
_id: '42673'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>The article analyzes how an emerging form of automation may drastically
    transform contemporary employment dynamics. Recent breakthroughs in the field
    of artificial intelligence (AI) make it possible to automate both manual and mental
    non-standard tasks. The first part of the article traces the development of AI.
    Whereas classical algorithms required the creation of a hermetic environment for
    AI to thrive, modern neural network-based AI is capable of surviving in the chaotic
    realm occupied by humans. Based on an analysis of changes in the nature of AI,
    the authors distinguish between substitutive and supplemental automation. The
    former refers to a complete replacement of humans by machines, while the latter
    indicates a selective substitution of humans in specific professional functions.
    In order to conceptualize professions as a nexus of automatable components, the
    authors employ Goffman’s dramaturgical framework. Goffman studied the social visibility
    of professional activity. Goffman held that any profession can be divided into
    invisible routines that are fundamental to it and a dramatization that makes the
    profession socially visible. The article demonstrates that the current utopian
    and antiutopian views of automation both reduce work to its visible components
    and neglect the logic of supplemental automation. The authors argue that the targets
    of modern automation are not the socially visible components but the invisible
    routines. In the final section, the authors develop a model that takes these invisible
    professional routines into account and analyze what effect this new type of automation
    may have on different types of professions with differing degrees of social visibility.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Nils
  full_name: Klowait, Nils
  id: '98454'
  last_name: Klowait
  orcid: 0000-0002-7347-099X
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Erofeeva, Maria
  last_name: Erofeeva
citation:
  ama: 'Klowait N, Erofeeva M. Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines: The Rise of
    Invisible Automation. <i>Philosophical Literary Journal Logos</i>. 2019;29(1):53-84.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80">10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80</a>'
  apa: 'Klowait, N., &#38; Erofeeva, M. (2019). Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines:
    The Rise of Invisible Automation. <i>Philosophical Literary Journal Logos</i>,
    <i>29</i>(1), 53–84. <a href="https://doi.org/10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80">https://doi.org/10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Klowait_Erofeeva_2019, title={Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines:
    The Rise of Invisible Automation}, volume={29}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80">10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80</a>},
    number={1}, journal={Philosophical Literary Journal Logos}, publisher={The Russian
    Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration}, author={Klowait,
    Nils and Erofeeva, Maria}, year={2019}, pages={53–84} }'
  chicago: 'Klowait, Nils, and Maria Erofeeva. “Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines:
    The Rise of Invisible Automation.” <i>Philosophical Literary Journal Logos</i>
    29, no. 1 (2019): 53–84. <a href="https://doi.org/10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80">https://doi.org/10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80</a>.'
  ieee: 'N. Klowait and M. Erofeeva, “Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines: The
    Rise of Invisible Automation,” <i>Philosophical Literary Journal Logos</i>, vol.
    29, no. 1, pp. 53–84, 2019, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80">10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80</a>.'
  mla: 'Klowait, Nils, and Maria Erofeeva. “Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines:
    The Rise of Invisible Automation.” <i>Philosophical Literary Journal Logos</i>,
    vol. 29, no. 1, The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public
    Administration, 2019, pp. 53–84, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80">10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80</a>.'
  short: N. Klowait, M. Erofeeva, Philosophical Literary Journal Logos 29 (2019) 53–84.
date_created: 2023-03-02T15:43:30Z
date_updated: 2023-08-30T19:33:13Z
doi: 10.22394/0869-5377-2019-1-53-80
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        29'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Literature and Literary Theory
- Philosophy
- Cultural Studies
language:
- iso: rus
page: 53-84
publication: Philosophical Literary Journal Logos
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2499-9628
  - 0869-5377
publication_status: published
publisher: The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
status: public
title: 'Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines: The Rise of Invisible Automation'
type: journal_article
user_id: '98454'
volume: 29
year: '2019'
...