[{"citation":{"short":"T.J. Cui, S. Zhang, A. Alu, M. Wegener, J. Pendry, J. Luo, Y. Lai, Z. Wang, X. Lin, H. Chen, P. Chen, R.-X. Wu, Y. Yin, P. Zhao, H. Chen, Y. Li, Z. Zhou, N. Engheta, V.S. Asadchy, C. Simovski, S.A. Tretyakov, B. Yang, S.D. Campbell, Y. Hao, D.H. Werner, S. Sun, L. Zhou, S. Xu, H.-B. Sun, Z. Zhou, Z. Li, G. Zheng, X. Chen, T. Li, S.-N. Zhu, J. Zhou, J. Zhao, Z. Liu, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, M. Gu, S. Xiao, Y. Liu, X. Zhang, Y. Tang, G. Li, T. Zentgraf, K. Koshelev, Y.S. Kivshar, X. Li, T. Badloe, L. Huang, J. Rho, S. Wang, D.P. Tsai, A.Yu. Bykov, A.V. Krasavin, A.V. Zayats, C. McDonnell, T. Ellenbogen, X. Luo, M. Pu, F.J. Garcia-Vidal, L. Liu, Z. Li, W. Tang, H.F. Ma, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, X. Zhang, H.C. Zhang, P.H. He, L.P. Zhang, X. Wan, H. Wu, S. Liu, W.X. Jiang, X.G. Zhang, C. Qiu, Q. Ma, C. Liu, L. Li, J. Han, L. Li, M. Cotrufo, C. Caloz, Z.-L. Deck-Léger, A. Bahrami, O. Céspedes, E. Galiffi, P.A. Huidobro, Q. Cheng, J.Y. Dai, J.C. Ke, L. Zhang, V. Galdi, M. Di Renzo, Journal of Physics: Photonics (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Cui_Zhang_Alu_Wegener_Pendry_Luo_Lai_Wang_Lin_Chen_et al._2024, title={Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>}, journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Cui, Tie Jun and Zhang, Shuang and Alu, Andrea and Wegener, Martin and Pendry, John and Luo, Jie and Lai, Yun and Wang, Zuojia and Lin, Xiao and Chen, Hongsheng and et al.}, year={2024} }","mla":"Cui, Tie Jun, et al. “Roadmap on Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>.","apa":"Cui, T. J., Zhang, S., Alu, A., Wegener, M., Pendry, J., Luo, J., Lai, Y., Wang, Z., Lin, X., Chen, H., Chen, P., Wu, R.-X., Yin, Y., Zhao, P., Chen, H., Li, Y., Zhou, Z., Engheta, N., Asadchy, V. S., … Di Renzo, M. (2024). Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>","ieee":"T. J. Cui <i>et al.</i>, “Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces,” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>.","chicago":"Cui, Tie Jun, Shuang Zhang, Andrea Alu, Martin Wegener, John Pendry, Jie Luo, Yun Lai, et al. “Roadmap on Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>.","ama":"Cui TJ, Zhang S, Alu A, et al. Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>"},"year":"2024","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2515-7647"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b"}],"doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b","title":"Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces","date_created":"2024-02-20T06:58:48Z","author":[{"first_name":"Tie Jun","last_name":"Cui","full_name":"Cui, Tie Jun"},{"first_name":"Shuang","full_name":"Zhang, Shuang","last_name":"Zhang"},{"full_name":"Alu, Andrea","last_name":"Alu","first_name":"Andrea"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Wegener","full_name":"Wegener, Martin"},{"first_name":"John","last_name":"Pendry","full_name":"Pendry, John"},{"full_name":"Luo, Jie","last_name":"Luo","first_name":"Jie"},{"last_name":"Lai","full_name":"Lai, Yun","first_name":"Yun"},{"first_name":"Zuojia","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Zuojia"},{"first_name":"Xiao","full_name":"Lin, Xiao","last_name":"Lin"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Hongsheng","first_name":"Hongsheng"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Ping","first_name":"Ping"},{"first_name":"Rui-Xin","full_name":"Wu, Rui-Xin","last_name":"Wu"},{"full_name":"Yin, Yuhang","last_name":"Yin","first_name":"Yuhang"},{"full_name":"Zhao, Pengfei","last_name":"Zhao","first_name":"Pengfei"},{"first_name":"Huanyang","last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Huanyang"},{"first_name":"Yue","full_name":"Li, Yue","last_name":"Li"},{"first_name":"Ziheng","full_name":"Zhou, Ziheng","last_name":"Zhou"},{"full_name":"Engheta, Nader","last_name":"Engheta","first_name":"Nader"},{"full_name":"Asadchy, V. S.","last_name":"Asadchy","first_name":"V. S."},{"first_name":"Constantin","full_name":"Simovski, Constantin","last_name":"Simovski"},{"first_name":"Sergei A","full_name":"Tretyakov, Sergei A","last_name":"Tretyakov"},{"first_name":"Biao","full_name":"Yang, Biao","last_name":"Yang"},{"full_name":"Campbell, Sawyer D.","last_name":"Campbell","first_name":"Sawyer D."},{"first_name":"Yang","last_name":"Hao","full_name":"Hao, Yang"},{"last_name":"Werner","full_name":"Werner, Douglas H","first_name":"Douglas H"},{"last_name":"Sun","full_name":"Sun, Shulin","first_name":"Shulin"},{"first_name":"Lei","full_name":"Zhou, Lei","last_name":"Zhou"},{"full_name":"Xu, Su","last_name":"Xu","first_name":"Su"},{"full_name":"Sun, Hong-Bo","last_name":"Sun","first_name":"Hong-Bo"},{"first_name":"Zhou","last_name":"Zhou","full_name":"Zhou, Zhou"},{"last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Zile","first_name":"Zile"},{"full_name":"Zheng, Guoxing","last_name":"Zheng","first_name":"Guoxing"},{"last_name":"Chen","full_name":"Chen, Xianzhong","first_name":"Xianzhong"},{"last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Tao","first_name":"Tao"},{"first_name":"Shi-Ning","full_name":"Zhu, Shi-Ning","last_name":"Zhu"},{"last_name":"Zhou","full_name":"Zhou, Junxiao","first_name":"Junxiao"},{"first_name":"Junxiang","last_name":"Zhao","full_name":"Zhao, Junxiang"},{"full_name":"Liu, Zhaowei","last_name":"Liu","first_name":"Zhaowei"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Yuchao","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Yuchao"},{"first_name":"Qiming","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Qiming"},{"full_name":"Gu, Min","last_name":"Gu","first_name":"Min"},{"full_name":"Xiao, Shumin","last_name":"Xiao","first_name":"Shumin"},{"first_name":"Yongmin","full_name":"Liu, Yongmin","last_name":"Liu"},{"first_name":"Xiaoyu","full_name":"Zhang, Xiaoyu","last_name":"Zhang"},{"first_name":"Yutao","full_name":"Tang, Yutao","last_name":"Tang"},{"last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Guixin","first_name":"Guixin"},{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Zentgraf, Thomas","id":"30525","orcid":"0000-0002-8662-1101","last_name":"Zentgraf"},{"first_name":"Kirill","full_name":"Koshelev, Kirill","last_name":"Koshelev"},{"first_name":"Yuri S.","last_name":"Kivshar","full_name":"Kivshar, Yuri S."},{"full_name":"Li, Xin","last_name":"Li","first_name":"Xin"},{"full_name":"Badloe, Trevon","last_name":"Badloe","first_name":"Trevon"},{"full_name":"Huang, Lingling","last_name":"Huang","first_name":"Lingling"},{"first_name":"Junsuk","last_name":"Rho","full_name":"Rho, Junsuk"},{"first_name":"Shuming","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Shuming"},{"full_name":"Tsai, Din Ping","last_name":"Tsai","first_name":"Din Ping"},{"first_name":"A. Yu.","full_name":"Bykov, A. Yu.","last_name":"Bykov"},{"full_name":"Krasavin, Alexey V","last_name":"Krasavin","first_name":"Alexey V"},{"last_name":"Zayats","full_name":"Zayats, Anatoly V","first_name":"Anatoly V"},{"last_name":"McDonnell","full_name":"McDonnell, Cormac","first_name":"Cormac"},{"first_name":"Tal","last_name":"Ellenbogen","full_name":"Ellenbogen, Tal"},{"first_name":"Xiangang","last_name":"Luo","full_name":"Luo, Xiangang"},{"first_name":"Mingbo","full_name":"Pu, Mingbo","last_name":"Pu"},{"first_name":"Francisco J","full_name":"Garcia-Vidal, Francisco J","last_name":"Garcia-Vidal"},{"first_name":"Liangliang","full_name":"Liu, Liangliang","last_name":"Liu"},{"first_name":"Zhuo","last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Zhuo"},{"first_name":"Wenxuan","last_name":"Tang","full_name":"Tang, Wenxuan"},{"last_name":"Ma","full_name":"Ma, Hui Feng","first_name":"Hui Feng"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jingjing","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Jingjing"},{"first_name":"Yu","last_name":"Luo","full_name":"Luo, Yu"},{"first_name":"Xuanru","full_name":"Zhang, Xuanru","last_name":"Zhang"},{"first_name":"Hao Chi","full_name":"Zhang, Hao Chi","last_name":"Zhang"},{"first_name":"Pei Hang","full_name":"He, Pei Hang","last_name":"He"},{"first_name":"Le Peng","full_name":"Zhang, Le Peng","last_name":"Zhang"},{"first_name":"Xiang","full_name":"Wan, Xiang","last_name":"Wan"},{"last_name":"Wu","full_name":"Wu, Haotian","first_name":"Haotian"},{"first_name":"Shuo","full_name":"Liu, Shuo","last_name":"Liu"},{"full_name":"Jiang, Wei Xiang","last_name":"Jiang","first_name":"Wei Xiang"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Xin Ge","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Xin Ge"},{"last_name":"Qiu","full_name":"Qiu, Chengwei","first_name":"Chengwei"},{"last_name":"Ma","full_name":"Ma, Qian","first_name":"Qian"},{"last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Che","first_name":"Che"},{"full_name":"Li, Long","last_name":"Li","first_name":"Long"},{"last_name":"Han","full_name":"Han, Jiaqi","first_name":"Jiaqi"},{"first_name":"Lianlin","full_name":"Li, Lianlin","last_name":"Li"},{"full_name":"Cotrufo, Michele","last_name":"Cotrufo","first_name":"Michele"},{"last_name":"Caloz","full_name":"Caloz, Christophe","first_name":"Christophe"},{"last_name":"Deck-Léger","full_name":"Deck-Léger, Z.-L.","first_name":"Z.-L."},{"last_name":"Bahrami","full_name":"Bahrami, A.","first_name":"A."},{"first_name":"O.","last_name":"Céspedes","full_name":"Céspedes, O."},{"full_name":"Galiffi, Emanuele","last_name":"Galiffi","first_name":"Emanuele"},{"full_name":"Huidobro, P. A.","last_name":"Huidobro","first_name":"P. A."},{"first_name":"Qiang","full_name":"Cheng, Qiang","last_name":"Cheng"},{"first_name":"Jun Yan","last_name":"Dai","full_name":"Dai, Jun Yan"},{"full_name":"Ke, Jun Cheng","last_name":"Ke","first_name":"Jun Cheng"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Lei","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Lei"},{"full_name":"Galdi, Vincenzo","last_name":"Galdi","first_name":"Vincenzo"},{"full_name":"Di Renzo, Marco","last_name":"Di Renzo","first_name":"Marco"}],"oa":"1","publisher":"IOP Publishing","date_updated":"2024-02-20T07:03:00Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics","Electronic","Optical and Magnetic Materials"],"user_id":"30525","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"289"},{"_id":"623"}],"_id":"51519"},{"year":"2024","title":"An efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays","date_created":"2024-09-02T12:08:18Z","publisher":"IOP Publishing","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","creator":"fossie","date_created":"2024-09-02T12:13:55Z","date_updated":"2024-09-02T12:13:55Z","file_id":"55990","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2024-08 Farheen - JPhys Photonics - An efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays (official version).pdf","file_size":1492402}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Phased arrays are vital in communication systems and have received significant interest in the field of optoelectronics and photonics, enabling a wide range of applications such as LiDAR, holography, wireless communication, etc. In this work, we present a blazed grating antenna that is optimized to have upward radiation efficiency as high as 80% with a compact footprint of 3.5 μm × 2 μm at an operational wavelength of 1.55 μm. Our numerical investigations demonstrate that this antenna in a 64 × 64 phased array configuration is capable of producing desired far-field radiation patterns. Additionally, our antenna possesses a low side lobe level of -9.7 dB and a negligible reflection efficiency of under 1%, making it an attractive candidate for integrated optical phased arrays."}],"publication":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["530"],"keyword":["tet_topic_opticalantenna"],"citation":{"ama":"Farheen H, Joshi S, Scheytt JC, Myroshnychenko V, Förstner J. An efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. 2024;6:045010. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>","chicago":"Farheen, Henna, Suraj Joshi, J. Christoph Scheytt, Viktor Myroshnychenko, and Jens Förstner. “An Efficient Compact Blazed Grating Antenna for Optical Phased Arrays.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i> 6 (2024): 045010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>.","ieee":"H. Farheen, S. Joshi, J. C. Scheytt, V. Myroshnychenko, and J. Förstner, “An efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays,” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 6, p. 045010, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>.","apa":"Farheen, H., Joshi, S., Scheytt, J. C., Myroshnychenko, V., &#38; Förstner, J. (2024). An efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, <i>6</i>, 045010. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>","bibtex":"@article{Farheen_Joshi_Scheytt_Myroshnychenko_Förstner_2024, title={An efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>}, journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Farheen, Henna and Joshi, Suraj and Scheytt, J. Christoph and Myroshnychenko, Viktor and Förstner, Jens}, year={2024}, pages={045010} }","short":"H. Farheen, S. Joshi, J.C. Scheytt, V. Myroshnychenko, J. Förstner, Journal of Physics: Photonics 6 (2024) 045010.","mla":"Farheen, Henna, et al. “An Efficient Compact Blazed Grating Antenna for Optical Phased Arrays.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 6, IOP Publishing, 2024, p. 045010, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4\">10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>."},"intvolume":"         6","page":"045010","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2515-7647"]},"doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4","author":[{"first_name":"Henna","full_name":"Farheen, Henna","id":"53444","last_name":"Farheen","orcid":"0000-0001-7730-3489"},{"first_name":"Suraj","full_name":"Joshi, Suraj","last_name":"Joshi"},{"first_name":"J. Christoph","last_name":"Scheytt","orcid":"0000-0002-5950-6618 ","id":"37144","full_name":"Scheytt, J. Christoph"},{"first_name":"Viktor","id":"46371","full_name":"Myroshnychenko, Viktor","last_name":"Myroshnychenko"},{"first_name":"Jens","id":"158","full_name":"Förstner, Jens","last_name":"Förstner","orcid":"0000-0001-7059-9862"}],"volume":6,"oa":"1","date_updated":"2024-09-02T12:23:55Z","status":"public","type":"journal_article","file_date_updated":"2024-09-02T12:13:55Z","article_type":"original","user_id":"158","department":[{"_id":"61"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"58"}],"project":[{"_id":"266","name":"PhoQC: PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing","grant_number":"PROFILNRW-2020-067"},{"grant_number":"231447078","name":"TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"name":"TRR 142 - B06: TRR 142 - Ultraschnelle kohärente opto-elektronische Kontrolle eines photonischen Quantensystems (B06*)","_id":"167","grant_number":"231447078"},{"name":"PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing","_id":"52"}],"_id":"55989"},{"publication":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:p>Lithium niobate is a promising platform for integrated quantum optics. In this platform, we aim to efficiently manipulate and detect quantum states by combining superconducting single photon detectors and modulators. The cryogenic operation of a superconducting single photon detector dictates the optimisation of the electro-optic modulators under the same operating conditions. To that end, we characterise a phase modulator, directional coupler, and polarisation converter at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The operation voltage <jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $V_{\\pi/2}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:msub>\r\n                           <mml:mi>V</mml:mi>\r\n                           <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mi>π</mml:mi>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                 <mml:mo>/</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                           </mml:mrow>\r\n                        </mml:msub>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula> of these modulators increases, due to the decrease in the electro-optic effect, by 74% for the phase modulator, 84% for the directional coupler and 35% for the polarisation converter below 8.5<jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\\,\\mathrm{K}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi>\r\n                        </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn2.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula>. The phase modulator preserves its broadband nature and modulates light in the characterised wavelength range. The unbiased bar state of the directional coupler changed by a wavelength shift of 85<jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\\,\\mathrm{nm}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">n</mml:mi>\r\n                           <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mml:mi>\r\n                        </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn3.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula> while cooling the device down to 5<jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\\,\\mathrm{K}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi>\r\n                        </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn4.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula>. The polarisation converter uses periodic poling to phasematch the two orthogonal polarisations. The phasematched wavelength of the utilised poling changes by 112<jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\\,\\mathrm{nm}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">n</mml:mi>\r\n                           <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mml:mi>\r\n                        </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn5.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula> when cooling to 5<jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\\,\\mathrm{K}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi>\r\n                        </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n                     <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn6.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula>.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"keyword":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Atomic and Molecular Physics","and Optics","Electronic","Optical and Magnetic Materials"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"3","year":"2022","publisher":"IOP Publishing","date_created":"2022-10-11T07:14:40Z","title":"Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides","type":"journal_article","status":"public","_id":"33672","user_id":"83846","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"623"}],"article_number":"034004","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2515-7647"]},"citation":{"apa":"Thiele, F., vom Bruch, F., Brockmeier, J., Protte, M., Hummel, T., Ricken, R., Quiring, V., Lengeling, S., Herrmann, H., Eigner, C., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Bartley, T. (2022). Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, <i>4</i>(3), Article 034004. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>","bibtex":"@article{Thiele_vom Bruch_Brockmeier_Protte_Hummel_Ricken_Quiring_Lengeling_Herrmann_Eigner_et al._2022, title={Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}, volume={4}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>}, number={3034004}, journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Thiele, Frederik and vom Bruch, Felix and Brockmeier, Julian and Protte, Maximilian and Hummel, Thomas and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Lengeling, Sebastian and Herrmann, Harald and Eigner, Christof and et al.}, year={2022} }","short":"F. Thiele, F. vom Bruch, J. Brockmeier, M. Protte, T. Hummel, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, S. Lengeling, H. Herrmann, C. Eigner, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Journal of Physics: Photonics 4 (2022).","mla":"Thiele, Frederik, et al. “Cryogenic Electro-Optic Modulation in Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 4, no. 3, 034004, IOP Publishing, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>.","chicago":"Thiele, Frederik, Felix vom Bruch, Julian Brockmeier, Maximilian Protte, Thomas Hummel, Raimund Ricken, Viktor Quiring, et al. “Cryogenic Electro-Optic Modulation in Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i> 4, no. 3 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>.","ieee":"F. Thiele <i>et al.</i>, “Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides,” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 4, no. 3, Art. no. 034004, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>.","ama":"Thiele F, vom Bruch F, Brockmeier J, et al. Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. 2022;4(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>"},"intvolume":"         4","date_updated":"2023-01-12T15:16:35Z","author":[{"first_name":"Frederik","id":"50819","full_name":"Thiele, Frederik","last_name":"Thiele","orcid":"0000-0003-0663-5587"},{"first_name":"Felix","full_name":"vom Bruch, Felix","id":"71245","last_name":"vom Bruch"},{"first_name":"Julian","id":"44807","full_name":"Brockmeier, Julian","last_name":"Brockmeier"},{"full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","id":"46170","last_name":"Protte","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"first_name":"Thomas","full_name":"Hummel, Thomas","id":"83846","last_name":"Hummel"},{"full_name":"Ricken, Raimund","last_name":"Ricken","first_name":"Raimund"},{"first_name":"Viktor","last_name":"Quiring","full_name":"Quiring, Viktor"},{"first_name":"Sebastian","last_name":"Lengeling","full_name":"Lengeling, Sebastian","id":"44373"},{"id":"216","full_name":"Herrmann, Harald","last_name":"Herrmann","first_name":"Harald"},{"first_name":"Christof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","last_name":"Eigner","full_name":"Eigner, Christof","id":"13244"},{"last_name":"Silberhorn","id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","first_name":"Christine"},{"full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683","last_name":"Bartley","first_name":"Tim"}],"volume":4,"doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63"},{"intvolume":"         4","page":"025001","citation":{"chicago":"Ebers, Lena, Alessandro Ferreri, Manfred Hammer, Maximilian Albert, Cedrik Meier, Jens Förstner, and Polina R. Sharapova. “Flexible Source of Correlated Photons Based on LNOI Rib Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i> 4 (2022): 025001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>.","ieee":"L. Ebers <i>et al.</i>, “Flexible source of correlated photons based on LNOI rib waveguides,” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 4, p. 025001, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>.","ama":"Ebers L, Ferreri A, Hammer M, et al. Flexible source of correlated photons based on LNOI rib waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. 2022;4:025001. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>","apa":"Ebers, L., Ferreri, A., Hammer, M., Albert, M., Meier, C., Förstner, J., &#38; Sharapova, P. R. (2022). Flexible source of correlated photons based on LNOI rib waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, <i>4</i>, 025001. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>","short":"L. Ebers, A. Ferreri, M. Hammer, M. Albert, C. Meier, J. Förstner, P.R. Sharapova, Journal of Physics: Photonics 4 (2022) 025001.","mla":"Ebers, Lena, et al. “Flexible Source of Correlated Photons Based on LNOI Rib Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 4, IOP Publishing, 2022, p. 025001, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Ebers_Ferreri_Hammer_Albert_Meier_Förstner_Sharapova_2022, title={Flexible source of correlated photons based on LNOI rib waveguides}, volume={4}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>}, journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Ebers, Lena and Ferreri, Alessandro and Hammer, Manfred and Albert, Maximilian and Meier, Cedrik and Förstner, Jens and Sharapova, Polina R.}, year={2022}, pages={025001} }"},"year":"2022","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/acc70c","description":"Corrigendum for table C1","relation":"erratum"}]},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2515-7647"]},"publication_status":"published","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b","title":"Flexible source of correlated photons based on LNOI rib waveguides","volume":4,"date_created":"2022-03-07T09:51:50Z","author":[{"last_name":"Ebers","id":"40428","full_name":"Ebers, Lena","first_name":"Lena"},{"first_name":"Alessandro","full_name":"Ferreri, Alessandro","id":"65609","last_name":"Ferreri"},{"full_name":"Hammer, Manfred","id":"48077","orcid":"0000-0002-6331-9348","last_name":"Hammer","first_name":"Manfred"},{"full_name":"Albert, Maximilian","last_name":"Albert","first_name":"Maximilian"},{"first_name":"Cedrik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3787-3572","last_name":"Meier","id":"20798","full_name":"Meier, Cedrik"},{"last_name":"Förstner","orcid":"0000-0001-7059-9862","id":"158","full_name":"Förstner, Jens","first_name":"Jens"},{"last_name":"Sharapova","id":"60286","full_name":"Sharapova, Polina R.","first_name":"Polina R."}],"date_updated":"2025-12-16T11:31:04Z","publisher":"IOP Publishing","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has a great potential for photonic integrated circuits, providing substantial versatility in design of various integrated components. To properly use these components in the implementation of different quantum protocols, photons with different properties are required. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate a flexible source of correlated photons built on the LNOI waveguide of a special geometry. This source is based on the parametric down-conversion (PDC) process, in which the signal and idler photons are generated at the telecom wavelength and have different spatial profiles and polarizations, but the same group velocities. Distinguishability in polarizations and spatial profiles facilitates the routing and manipulating individual photons, while the equality of their group velocities leads to the absence of temporal walk-off between photons. We show how the spectral properties of the generated photons and the number of their frequency modes can be controlled depending on the pump characteristics and the waveguide length. Finally, we discuss special regimes, in which narrowband light with strong frequency correlations and polarization-entangled Bell states are generated at the telecom wavelength."}],"publication":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["tet_topic_waveguide"],"department":[{"_id":"61"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"569"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"287"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"34"}],"user_id":"16199","_id":"30210","project":[{"_id":"56","name":"TRR 142 - C: TRR 142 - Project Area C"},{"_id":"75","name":"TRR 142 - C5: TRR 142 - Subproject C5"},{"name":"TRR 142 - C2: TRR 142 - Subproject C2","_id":"72"},{"name":"TRR 142: TRR 142","_id":"53"},{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"}]},{"doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b","author":[{"first_name":"Jan Philipp","last_name":"Höpker","id":"33913","full_name":"Höpker, Jan Philipp"},{"last_name":"Verma","full_name":"Verma, Varun B","first_name":"Varun B"},{"first_name":"Maximilian","full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","id":"46170","last_name":"Protte"},{"last_name":"Ricken","full_name":"Ricken, Raimund","first_name":"Raimund"},{"first_name":"Viktor","last_name":"Quiring","full_name":"Quiring, Viktor"},{"full_name":"Eigner, Christof","id":"13244","last_name":"Eigner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","first_name":"Christof"},{"full_name":"Ebers, Lena","id":"40428","last_name":"Ebers","first_name":"Lena"},{"first_name":"Manfred","orcid":"0000-0002-6331-9348","last_name":"Hammer","full_name":"Hammer, Manfred","id":"48077"},{"last_name":"Förstner","orcid":"0000-0001-7059-9862","full_name":"Förstner, Jens","id":"158","first_name":"Jens"},{"id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine"},{"first_name":"Richard P","full_name":"Mirin, Richard P","last_name":"Mirin"},{"last_name":"Woo Nam","full_name":"Woo Nam, Sae","first_name":"Sae"},{"first_name":"Tim","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683","last_name":"Bartley"}],"volume":3,"date_updated":"2022-10-25T07:34:42Z","oa":"1","citation":{"ieee":"J. P. Höpker <i>et al.</i>, “Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides,” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 3, p. 034022, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>.","chicago":"Höpker, Jan Philipp, Varun B Verma, Maximilian Protte, Raimund Ricken, Viktor Quiring, Christof Eigner, Lena Ebers, et al. “Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors on Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i> 3 (2021): 034022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>.","ama":"Höpker JP, Verma VB, Protte M, et al. Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. 2021;3:034022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>","apa":"Höpker, J. P., Verma, V. B., Protte, M., Ricken, R., Quiring, V., Eigner, C., Ebers, L., Hammer, M., Förstner, J., Silberhorn, C., Mirin, R. P., Woo Nam, S., &#38; Bartley, T. (2021). Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, <i>3</i>, 034022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b\">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>","short":"J.P. Höpker, V.B. Verma, M. Protte, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, C. Eigner, L. Ebers, M. Hammer, J. Förstner, C. Silberhorn, R.P. Mirin, S. Woo Nam, T. Bartley, Journal of Physics: Photonics 3 (2021) 034022.","bibtex":"@article{Höpker_Verma_Protte_Ricken_Quiring_Eigner_Ebers_Hammer_Förstner_Silberhorn_et al._2021, title={Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}, volume={3}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>}, journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, author={Höpker, Jan Philipp and Verma, Varun B and Protte, Maximilian and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Eigner, Christof and Ebers, Lena and Hammer, Manfred and Förstner, Jens and Silberhorn, Christine and et al.}, year={2021}, pages={034022} }","mla":"Höpker, Jan Philipp, et al. “Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors on Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 3, 2021, p. 034022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b\">10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>."},"page":"034022","intvolume":"         3","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2515-7647"]},"file_date_updated":"2021-09-07T07:41:04Z","article_type":"original","user_id":"49683","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"61"},{"_id":"230"}],"project":[{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142"}],"_id":"23728","status":"public","type":"journal_article","title":"Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides","date_created":"2021-09-03T08:04:06Z","year":"2021","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["530"],"file":[{"date_updated":"2021-09-07T07:41:04Z","creator":"fossie","date_created":"2021-09-07T07:41:04Z","file_size":1097820,"file_id":"23825","file_name":"2021-07 Höpker J._Phys._Photonics_3_034022.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We demonstrate the integration of amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. We show proof-of-principle detection of evanescently coupled photons of 1550 nm wavelength using bidirectional waveguide coupling for two orthogonal polarization directions. We investigate the internal detection efficiency as well as detector absorption using coupling-independent characterization measurements. Furthermore, we describe strategies to improve the yield and efficiency of these devices."}],"publication":"Journal of Physics: Photonics"}]