---
_id: '51519'
author:
- first_name: Tie Jun
  full_name: Cui, Tie Jun
  last_name: Cui
- first_name: Shuang
  full_name: Zhang, Shuang
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Alu, Andrea
  last_name: Alu
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Wegener, Martin
  last_name: Wegener
- first_name: John
  full_name: Pendry, John
  last_name: Pendry
- first_name: Jie
  full_name: Luo, Jie
  last_name: Luo
- first_name: Yun
  full_name: Lai, Yun
  last_name: Lai
- first_name: Zuojia
  full_name: Wang, Zuojia
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Xiao
  full_name: Lin, Xiao
  last_name: Lin
- first_name: Hongsheng
  full_name: Chen, Hongsheng
  last_name: Chen
- first_name: Ping
  full_name: Chen, Ping
  last_name: Chen
- first_name: Rui-Xin
  full_name: Wu, Rui-Xin
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Yuhang
  full_name: Yin, Yuhang
  last_name: Yin
- first_name: Pengfei
  full_name: Zhao, Pengfei
  last_name: Zhao
- first_name: Huanyang
  full_name: Chen, Huanyang
  last_name: Chen
- first_name: Yue
  full_name: Li, Yue
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Ziheng
  full_name: Zhou, Ziheng
  last_name: Zhou
- first_name: Nader
  full_name: Engheta, Nader
  last_name: Engheta
- first_name: V. S.
  full_name: Asadchy, V. S.
  last_name: Asadchy
- first_name: Constantin
  full_name: Simovski, Constantin
  last_name: Simovski
- first_name: Sergei A
  full_name: Tretyakov, Sergei A
  last_name: Tretyakov
- first_name: Biao
  full_name: Yang, Biao
  last_name: Yang
- first_name: Sawyer D.
  full_name: Campbell, Sawyer D.
  last_name: Campbell
- first_name: Yang
  full_name: Hao, Yang
  last_name: Hao
- first_name: Douglas H
  full_name: Werner, Douglas H
  last_name: Werner
- first_name: Shulin
  full_name: Sun, Shulin
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Lei
  full_name: Zhou, Lei
  last_name: Zhou
- first_name: Su
  full_name: Xu, Su
  last_name: Xu
- first_name: Hong-Bo
  full_name: Sun, Hong-Bo
  last_name: Sun
- first_name: Zhou
  full_name: Zhou, Zhou
  last_name: Zhou
- first_name: Zile
  full_name: Li, Zile
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Guoxing
  full_name: Zheng, Guoxing
  last_name: Zheng
- first_name: Xianzhong
  full_name: Chen, Xianzhong
  last_name: Chen
- first_name: Tao
  full_name: Li, Tao
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Shi-Ning
  full_name: Zhu, Shi-Ning
  last_name: Zhu
- first_name: Junxiao
  full_name: Zhou, Junxiao
  last_name: Zhou
- first_name: Junxiang
  full_name: Zhao, Junxiang
  last_name: Zhao
- first_name: Zhaowei
  full_name: Liu, Zhaowei
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Yuchao
  full_name: Zhang, Yuchao
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Qiming
  full_name: Zhang, Qiming
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Min
  full_name: Gu, Min
  last_name: Gu
- first_name: Shumin
  full_name: Xiao, Shumin
  last_name: Xiao
- first_name: Yongmin
  full_name: Liu, Yongmin
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Xiaoyu
  full_name: Zhang, Xiaoyu
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Yutao
  full_name: Tang, Yutao
  last_name: Tang
- first_name: Guixin
  full_name: Li, Guixin
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
  id: '30525'
  last_name: Zentgraf
  orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
- first_name: Kirill
  full_name: Koshelev, Kirill
  last_name: Koshelev
- first_name: Yuri S.
  full_name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
  last_name: Kivshar
- first_name: Xin
  full_name: Li, Xin
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Trevon
  full_name: Badloe, Trevon
  last_name: Badloe
- first_name: Lingling
  full_name: Huang, Lingling
  last_name: Huang
- first_name: Junsuk
  full_name: Rho, Junsuk
  last_name: Rho
- first_name: Shuming
  full_name: Wang, Shuming
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Din Ping
  full_name: Tsai, Din Ping
  last_name: Tsai
- first_name: A. Yu.
  full_name: Bykov, A. Yu.
  last_name: Bykov
- first_name: Alexey V
  full_name: Krasavin, Alexey V
  last_name: Krasavin
- first_name: Anatoly V
  full_name: Zayats, Anatoly V
  last_name: Zayats
- first_name: Cormac
  full_name: McDonnell, Cormac
  last_name: McDonnell
- first_name: Tal
  full_name: Ellenbogen, Tal
  last_name: Ellenbogen
- first_name: Xiangang
  full_name: Luo, Xiangang
  last_name: Luo
- first_name: Mingbo
  full_name: Pu, Mingbo
  last_name: Pu
- first_name: Francisco J
  full_name: Garcia-Vidal, Francisco J
  last_name: Garcia-Vidal
- first_name: Liangliang
  full_name: Liu, Liangliang
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Zhuo
  full_name: Li, Zhuo
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Wenxuan
  full_name: Tang, Wenxuan
  last_name: Tang
- first_name: Hui Feng
  full_name: Ma, Hui Feng
  last_name: Ma
- first_name: Jingjing
  full_name: Zhang, Jingjing
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Luo, Yu
  last_name: Luo
- first_name: Xuanru
  full_name: Zhang, Xuanru
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Hao Chi
  full_name: Zhang, Hao Chi
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Pei Hang
  full_name: He, Pei Hang
  last_name: He
- first_name: Le Peng
  full_name: Zhang, Le Peng
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Xiang
  full_name: Wan, Xiang
  last_name: Wan
- first_name: Haotian
  full_name: Wu, Haotian
  last_name: Wu
- first_name: Shuo
  full_name: Liu, Shuo
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Wei Xiang
  full_name: Jiang, Wei Xiang
  last_name: Jiang
- first_name: Xin Ge
  full_name: Zhang, Xin Ge
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Chengwei
  full_name: Qiu, Chengwei
  last_name: Qiu
- first_name: Qian
  full_name: Ma, Qian
  last_name: Ma
- first_name: Che
  full_name: Liu, Che
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Long
  full_name: Li, Long
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Jiaqi
  full_name: Han, Jiaqi
  last_name: Han
- first_name: Lianlin
  full_name: Li, Lianlin
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Michele
  full_name: Cotrufo, Michele
  last_name: Cotrufo
- first_name: Christophe
  full_name: Caloz, Christophe
  last_name: Caloz
- first_name: Z.-L.
  full_name: Deck-Léger, Z.-L.
  last_name: Deck-Léger
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Bahrami, A.
  last_name: Bahrami
- first_name: O.
  full_name: Céspedes, O.
  last_name: Céspedes
- first_name: Emanuele
  full_name: Galiffi, Emanuele
  last_name: Galiffi
- first_name: P. A.
  full_name: Huidobro, P. A.
  last_name: Huidobro
- first_name: Qiang
  full_name: Cheng, Qiang
  last_name: Cheng
- first_name: Jun Yan
  full_name: Dai, Jun Yan
  last_name: Dai
- first_name: Jun Cheng
  full_name: Ke, Jun Cheng
  last_name: Ke
- first_name: Lei
  full_name: Zhang, Lei
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Vincenzo
  full_name: Galdi, Vincenzo
  last_name: Galdi
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Di Renzo, Marco
  last_name: Di Renzo
citation:
  ama: 'Cui TJ, Zhang S, Alu A, et al. Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and
    metasurfaces. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>'
  apa: 'Cui, T. J., Zhang, S., Alu, A., Wegener, M., Pendry, J., Luo, J., Lai, Y.,
    Wang, Z., Lin, X., Chen, H., Chen, P., Wu, R.-X., Yin, Y., Zhao, P., Chen, H.,
    Li, Y., Zhou, Z., Engheta, N., Asadchy, V. S., … Di Renzo, M. (2024). Roadmap
    on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Cui_Zhang_Alu_Wegener_Pendry_Luo_Lai_Wang_Lin_Chen_et al._2024,
    title={Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>},
    journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Cui,
    Tie Jun and Zhang, Shuang and Alu, Andrea and Wegener, Martin and Pendry, John
    and Luo, Jie and Lai, Yun and Wang, Zuojia and Lin, Xiao and Chen, Hongsheng and
    et al.}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: 'Cui, Tie Jun, Shuang Zhang, Andrea Alu, Martin Wegener, John Pendry, Jie
    Luo, Yun Lai, et al. “Roadmap on Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces.”
    <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>.'
  ieee: 'T. J. Cui <i>et al.</i>, “Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces,”
    <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>.'
  mla: 'Cui, Tie Jun, et al. “Roadmap on Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Metasurfaces.”
    <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, IOP Publishing, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b">10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b</a>.'
  short: 'T.J. Cui, S. Zhang, A. Alu, M. Wegener, J. Pendry, J. Luo, Y. Lai, Z. Wang,
    X. Lin, H. Chen, P. Chen, R.-X. Wu, Y. Yin, P. Zhao, H. Chen, Y. Li, Z. Zhou,
    N. Engheta, V.S. Asadchy, C. Simovski, S.A. Tretyakov, B. Yang, S.D. Campbell,
    Y. Hao, D.H. Werner, S. Sun, L. Zhou, S. Xu, H.-B. Sun, Z. Zhou, Z. Li, G. Zheng,
    X. Chen, T. Li, S.-N. Zhu, J. Zhou, J. Zhao, Z. Liu, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhang, M. Gu,
    S. Xiao, Y. Liu, X. Zhang, Y. Tang, G. Li, T. Zentgraf, K. Koshelev, Y.S. Kivshar,
    X. Li, T. Badloe, L. Huang, J. Rho, S. Wang, D.P. Tsai, A.Yu. Bykov, A.V. Krasavin,
    A.V. Zayats, C. McDonnell, T. Ellenbogen, X. Luo, M. Pu, F.J. Garcia-Vidal, L.
    Liu, Z. Li, W. Tang, H.F. Ma, J. Zhang, Y. Luo, X. Zhang, H.C. Zhang, P.H. He,
    L.P. Zhang, X. Wan, H. Wu, S. Liu, W.X. Jiang, X.G. Zhang, C. Qiu, Q. Ma, C. Liu,
    L. Li, J. Han, L. Li, M. Cotrufo, C. Caloz, Z.-L. Deck-Léger, A. Bahrami, O. Céspedes,
    E. Galiffi, P.A. Huidobro, Q. Cheng, J.Y. Dai, J.C. Ke, L. Zhang, V. Galdi, M.
    Di Renzo, Journal of Physics: Photonics (2024).'
date_created: 2024-02-20T06:58:48Z
date_updated: 2024-02-20T07:03:00Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '289'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b
keyword:
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- and Optics
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7647/ad1a3b
oa: '1'
publication: 'Journal of Physics: Photonics'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2515-7647
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
status: public
title: Roadmap on electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '55989'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Phased arrays are vital in communication systems and have received significant
    interest in the field of optoelectronics and photonics, enabling a wide range
    of applications such as LiDAR, holography, wireless communication, etc. In this
    work, we present a blazed grating antenna that is optimized to have upward radiation
    efficiency as high as 80% with a compact footprint of 3.5 μm × 2 μm at an operational
    wavelength of 1.55 μm. Our numerical investigations demonstrate that this antenna
    in a 64 × 64 phased array configuration is capable of producing desired far-field
    radiation patterns. Additionally, our antenna possesses a low side lobe level
    of -9.7 dB and a negligible reflection efficiency of under 1%, making it an attractive
    candidate for integrated optical phased arrays.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Henna
  full_name: Farheen, Henna
  id: '53444'
  last_name: Farheen
  orcid: 0000-0001-7730-3489
- first_name: Suraj
  full_name: Joshi, Suraj
  last_name: Joshi
- first_name: J. Christoph
  full_name: Scheytt, J. Christoph
  id: '37144'
  last_name: Scheytt
  orcid: '0000-0002-5950-6618 '
- first_name: Viktor
  full_name: Myroshnychenko, Viktor
  id: '46371'
  last_name: Myroshnychenko
- first_name: Jens
  full_name: Förstner, Jens
  id: '158'
  last_name: Förstner
  orcid: 0000-0001-7059-9862
citation:
  ama: 'Farheen H, Joshi S, Scheytt JC, Myroshnychenko V, Förstner J. An efficient
    compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays. <i>Journal of Physics:
    Photonics</i>. 2024;6:045010. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4">10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>'
  apa: 'Farheen, H., Joshi, S., Scheytt, J. C., Myroshnychenko, V., &#38; Förstner,
    J. (2024). An efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays.
    <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, <i>6</i>, 045010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Farheen_Joshi_Scheytt_Myroshnychenko_Förstner_2024, title={An
    efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays}, volume={6},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4">10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>},
    journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Farheen,
    Henna and Joshi, Suraj and Scheytt, J. Christoph and Myroshnychenko, Viktor and
    Förstner, Jens}, year={2024}, pages={045010} }'
  chicago: 'Farheen, Henna, Suraj Joshi, J. Christoph Scheytt, Viktor Myroshnychenko,
    and Jens Förstner. “An Efficient Compact Blazed Grating Antenna for Optical Phased
    Arrays.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i> 6 (2024): 045010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>.'
  ieee: 'H. Farheen, S. Joshi, J. C. Scheytt, V. Myroshnychenko, and J. Förstner,
    “An efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays,” <i>Journal
    of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 6, p. 045010, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4">10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>.'
  mla: 'Farheen, Henna, et al. “An Efficient Compact Blazed Grating Antenna for Optical
    Phased Arrays.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 6, IOP Publishing,
    2024, p. 045010, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4">10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4</a>.'
  short: 'H. Farheen, S. Joshi, J.C. Scheytt, V. Myroshnychenko, J. Förstner, Journal
    of Physics: Photonics 6 (2024) 045010.'
date_created: 2024-09-02T12:08:18Z
date_updated: 2024-09-02T12:23:55Z
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: '61'
- _id: '429'
- _id: '58'
doi: 10.1088/2515-7647/ad6ed4
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: fossie
  date_created: 2024-09-02T12:13:55Z
  date_updated: 2024-09-02T12:13:55Z
  file_id: '55990'
  file_name: 2024-08 Farheen - JPhys Photonics - An efficient compact blazed grating
    antenna for optical phased arrays (official version).pdf
  file_size: 1492402
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2024-09-02T12:13:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         6'
keyword:
- tet_topic_opticalantenna
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
page: '045010'
project:
- _id: '266'
  grant_number: PROFILNRW-2020-067
  name: 'PhoQC: PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing'
- _id: '53'
  grant_number: '231447078'
  name: 'TRR 142: TRR 142 - Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden
    Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen'
- _id: '167'
  grant_number: '231447078'
  name: 'TRR 142 - B06: TRR 142 - Ultraschnelle kohärente opto-elektronische Kontrolle
    eines photonischen Quantensystems (B06*)'
- _id: '52'
  name: 'PC2: Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing'
publication: 'Journal of Physics: Photonics'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2515-7647
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
status: public
title: An efficient compact blazed grating antenna for optical phased arrays
type: journal_article
user_id: '158'
volume: 6
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '33672'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:p>Lithium niobate
    is a promising platform for integrated quantum optics. In this platform, we aim
    to efficiently manipulate and detect quantum states by combining superconducting
    single photon detectors and modulators. The cryogenic operation of a superconducting
    single photon detector dictates the optimisation of the electro-optic modulators
    under the same operating conditions. To that end, we characterise a phase modulator,
    directional coupler, and polarisation converter at both ambient and cryogenic
    temperatures. The operation voltage <jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA
    $V_{\\pi/2}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"
    overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:msub>\r\n                           <mml:mi>V</mml:mi>\r\n
    \                          <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mi>π</mml:mi>\r\n
    \                             <mml:mrow>\r\n                                 <mml:mo>/</mml:mo>\r\n
    \                             </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n
    \                          </mml:mrow>\r\n                        </mml:msub>\r\n
    \                    </mml:math>\r\n                     <jats:inline-graphic
    xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn1.gif\"
    xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula> of these
    modulators increases, due to the decrease in the electro-optic effect, by 74%
    for the phase modulator, 84% for the directional coupler and 35% for the polarisation
    converter below 8.5<jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA
    $\\,\\mathrm{K}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"
    overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi
    mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi>\r\n                        </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n
    \                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"
    xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn2.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula>.
    The phase modulator preserves its broadband nature and modulates light in the
    characterised wavelength range. The unbiased bar state of the directional coupler
    changed by a wavelength shift of 85<jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA
    $\\,\\mathrm{nm}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"
    overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi
    mathvariant=\"normal\">n</mml:mi>\r\n                           <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mml:mi>\r\n
    \                       </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n                     <jats:inline-graphic
    xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn3.gif\"
    xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula> while cooling
    the device down to 5<jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA
    $\\,\\mathrm{K}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n                     <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"
    overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi
    mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi>\r\n                        </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n
    \                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"
    xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn4.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula>.
    The polarisation converter uses periodic poling to phasematch the two orthogonal
    polarisations. The phasematched wavelength of the utilised poling changes by 112<jats:inline-formula>\r\n
    \                    <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\\,\\mathrm{nm}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n
    \                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"
    overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi
    mathvariant=\"normal\">n</mml:mi>\r\n                           <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m</mml:mi>\r\n
    \                       </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n                     <jats:inline-graphic
    xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn5.gif\"
    xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula> when cooling
    to 5<jats:inline-formula>\r\n                     <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\\,\\mathrm{K}$?></jats:tex-math>\r\n
    \                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"
    overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                           <mml:mi
    mathvariant=\"normal\">K</mml:mi>\r\n                        </mml:mrow>\r\n                     </mml:math>\r\n
    \                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"
    xlink:href=\"jpphotonac6c63ieqn6.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" />\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula>.</jats:p>"
article_number: '034004'
author:
- first_name: Frederik
  full_name: Thiele, Frederik
  id: '50819'
  last_name: Thiele
  orcid: 0000-0003-0663-5587
- first_name: Felix
  full_name: vom Bruch, Felix
  id: '71245'
  last_name: vom Bruch
- first_name: Julian
  full_name: Brockmeier, Julian
  id: '44807'
  last_name: Brockmeier
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Protte, Maximilian
  id: '46170'
  last_name: Protte
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Hummel, Thomas
  id: '83846'
  last_name: Hummel
- first_name: Raimund
  full_name: Ricken, Raimund
  last_name: Ricken
- first_name: Viktor
  full_name: Quiring, Viktor
  last_name: Quiring
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Lengeling, Sebastian
  id: '44373'
  last_name: Lengeling
- first_name: Harald
  full_name: Herrmann, Harald
  id: '216'
  last_name: Herrmann
- first_name: Christof
  full_name: Eigner, Christof
  id: '13244'
  last_name: Eigner
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
  id: '26263'
  last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: Tim
  full_name: Bartley, Tim
  id: '49683'
  last_name: Bartley
citation:
  ama: 'Thiele F, vom Bruch F, Brockmeier J, et al. Cryogenic electro-optic modulation
    in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>.
    2022;4(3). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63">10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>'
  apa: 'Thiele, F., vom Bruch, F., Brockmeier, J., Protte, M., Hummel, T., Ricken,
    R., Quiring, V., Lengeling, S., Herrmann, H., Eigner, C., Silberhorn, C., &#38;
    Bartley, T. (2022). Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused
    lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, <i>4</i>(3),
    Article 034004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Thiele_vom Bruch_Brockmeier_Protte_Hummel_Ricken_Quiring_Lengeling_Herrmann_Eigner_et
    al._2022, title={Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium
    niobate waveguides}, volume={4}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63">10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>},
    number={3034004}, journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, publisher={IOP Publishing},
    author={Thiele, Frederik and vom Bruch, Felix and Brockmeier, Julian and Protte,
    Maximilian and Hummel, Thomas and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Lengeling,
    Sebastian and Herrmann, Harald and Eigner, Christof and et al.}, year={2022} }'
  chicago: 'Thiele, Frederik, Felix vom Bruch, Julian Brockmeier, Maximilian Protte,
    Thomas Hummel, Raimund Ricken, Viktor Quiring, et al. “Cryogenic Electro-Optic
    Modulation in Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” <i>Journal of
    Physics: Photonics</i> 4, no. 3 (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Thiele <i>et al.</i>, “Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium
    in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides,” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>,
    vol. 4, no. 3, Art. no. 034004, 2022, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63">10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>.'
  mla: 'Thiele, Frederik, et al. “Cryogenic Electro-Optic Modulation in Titanium in-Diffused
    Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 4, no.
    3, 034004, IOP Publishing, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63">10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63</a>.'
  short: 'F. Thiele, F. vom Bruch, J. Brockmeier, M. Protte, T. Hummel, R. Ricken,
    V. Quiring, S. Lengeling, H. Herrmann, C. Eigner, C. Silberhorn, T. Bartley, Journal
    of Physics: Photonics 4 (2022).'
date_created: 2022-10-11T07:14:40Z
date_updated: 2023-01-12T15:16:35Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac6c63
intvolume: '         4'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- and Optics
- Electronic
- Optical and Magnetic Materials
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 'Journal of Physics: Photonics'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2515-7647
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
status: public
title: Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate
  waveguides
type: journal_article
user_id: '83846'
volume: 4
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '30210'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has a great potential for photonic integrated
    circuits, providing substantial versatility in design of various integrated components.
    To properly use these components in the implementation of different quantum protocols,
    photons with different properties are required. In this paper, we theoretically
    demonstrate a flexible source of correlated photons built on the LNOI waveguide
    of a special geometry. This source is based on the parametric down-conversion
    (PDC) process, in which the signal and idler photons are generated at the telecom
    wavelength and have different spatial profiles and polarizations, but the same
    group velocities. Distinguishability in polarizations and spatial profiles facilitates
    the routing and manipulating individual photons, while the equality of their group
    velocities leads to the absence of temporal walk-off between photons. We show
    how the spectral properties of the generated photons and the number of their frequency
    modes can be controlled depending on the pump characteristics and the waveguide
    length. Finally, we discuss special regimes, in which narrowband light with strong
    frequency correlations and polarization-entangled Bell states are generated at
    the telecom wavelength.
author:
- first_name: Lena
  full_name: Ebers, Lena
  id: '40428'
  last_name: Ebers
- first_name: Alessandro
  full_name: Ferreri, Alessandro
  id: '65609'
  last_name: Ferreri
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Hammer, Manfred
  id: '48077'
  last_name: Hammer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6331-9348
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Albert, Maximilian
  last_name: Albert
- first_name: Cedrik
  full_name: Meier, Cedrik
  id: '20798'
  last_name: Meier
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3787-3572
- first_name: Jens
  full_name: Förstner, Jens
  id: '158'
  last_name: Förstner
  orcid: 0000-0001-7059-9862
- first_name: Polina R.
  full_name: Sharapova, Polina R.
  id: '60286'
  last_name: Sharapova
citation:
  ama: 'Ebers L, Ferreri A, Hammer M, et al. Flexible source of correlated photons
    based on LNOI rib waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>. 2022;4:025001.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b">10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>'
  apa: 'Ebers, L., Ferreri, A., Hammer, M., Albert, M., Meier, C., Förstner, J., &#38;
    Sharapova, P. R. (2022). Flexible source of correlated photons based on LNOI rib
    waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, <i>4</i>, 025001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Ebers_Ferreri_Hammer_Albert_Meier_Förstner_Sharapova_2022, title={Flexible
    source of correlated photons based on LNOI rib waveguides}, volume={4}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b">10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>},
    journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Ebers,
    Lena and Ferreri, Alessandro and Hammer, Manfred and Albert, Maximilian and Meier,
    Cedrik and Förstner, Jens and Sharapova, Polina R.}, year={2022}, pages={025001}
    }'
  chicago: 'Ebers, Lena, Alessandro Ferreri, Manfred Hammer, Maximilian Albert, Cedrik
    Meier, Jens Förstner, and Polina R. Sharapova. “Flexible Source of Correlated
    Photons Based on LNOI Rib Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i> 4
    (2022): 025001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>.'
  ieee: 'L. Ebers <i>et al.</i>, “Flexible source of correlated photons based on LNOI
    rib waveguides,” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 4, p. 025001, 2022,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b">10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>.'
  mla: 'Ebers, Lena, et al. “Flexible Source of Correlated Photons Based on LNOI Rib
    Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i>, vol. 4, IOP Publishing, 2022,
    p. 025001, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b">10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b</a>.'
  short: 'L. Ebers, A. Ferreri, M. Hammer, M. Albert, C. Meier, J. Förstner, P.R.
    Sharapova, Journal of Physics: Photonics 4 (2022) 025001.'
date_created: 2022-03-07T09:51:50Z
date_updated: 2025-12-16T11:31:04Z
department:
- _id: '61'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '429'
- _id: '15'
- _id: '569'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '287'
- _id: '35'
- _id: '34'
doi: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac5a5b
intvolume: '         4'
keyword:
- tet_topic_waveguide
language:
- iso: eng
page: '025001'
project:
- _id: '56'
  name: 'TRR 142 - C: TRR 142 - Project Area C'
- _id: '75'
  name: 'TRR 142 - C5: TRR 142 - Subproject C5'
- _id: '72'
  name: 'TRR 142 - C2: TRR 142 - Subproject C2'
- _id: '53'
  name: 'TRR 142: TRR 142'
- _id: '53'
  name: 'TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten
    zu funktionellen Strukturen'
publication: 'Journal of Physics: Photonics'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2515-7647
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
related_material:
  link:
  - description: Corrigendum for table C1
    relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/acc70c
status: public
title: Flexible source of correlated photons based on LNOI rib waveguides
type: journal_article
user_id: '16199'
volume: 4
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '23728'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We demonstrate the integration of amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting
    nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides.
    We show proof-of-principle detection of evanescently coupled photons of 1550 nm
    wavelength using bidirectional waveguide coupling for two orthogonal polarization
    directions. We investigate the internal detection efficiency as well as detector
    absorption using coupling-independent characterization measurements. Furthermore,
    we describe strategies to improve the yield and efficiency of these devices.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jan Philipp
  full_name: Höpker, Jan Philipp
  id: '33913'
  last_name: Höpker
- first_name: Varun B
  full_name: Verma, Varun B
  last_name: Verma
- first_name: Maximilian
  full_name: Protte, Maximilian
  id: '46170'
  last_name: Protte
- first_name: Raimund
  full_name: Ricken, Raimund
  last_name: Ricken
- first_name: Viktor
  full_name: Quiring, Viktor
  last_name: Quiring
- first_name: Christof
  full_name: Eigner, Christof
  id: '13244'
  last_name: Eigner
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083
- first_name: Lena
  full_name: Ebers, Lena
  id: '40428'
  last_name: Ebers
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Hammer, Manfred
  id: '48077'
  last_name: Hammer
  orcid: 0000-0002-6331-9348
- first_name: Jens
  full_name: Förstner, Jens
  id: '158'
  last_name: Förstner
  orcid: 0000-0001-7059-9862
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
  id: '26263'
  last_name: Silberhorn
- first_name: Richard P
  full_name: Mirin, Richard P
  last_name: Mirin
- first_name: Sae
  full_name: Woo Nam, Sae
  last_name: Woo Nam
- first_name: Tim
  full_name: Bartley, Tim
  id: '49683'
  last_name: Bartley
citation:
  ama: 'Höpker JP, Verma VB, Protte M, et al. Integrated superconducting nanowire
    single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Journal
    of Physics: Photonics</i>. 2021;3:034022. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b">10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>'
  apa: 'Höpker, J. P., Verma, V. B., Protte, M., Ricken, R., Quiring, V., Eigner,
    C., Ebers, L., Hammer, M., Förstner, J., Silberhorn, C., Mirin, R. P., Woo Nam,
    S., &#38; Bartley, T. (2021). Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon
    detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. <i>Journal of Physics:
    Photonics</i>, <i>3</i>, 034022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Höpker_Verma_Protte_Ricken_Quiring_Eigner_Ebers_Hammer_Förstner_Silberhorn_et
    al._2021, title={Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on
    titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides}, volume={3}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b">10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>},
    journal={Journal of Physics: Photonics}, author={Höpker, Jan Philipp and Verma,
    Varun B and Protte, Maximilian and Ricken, Raimund and Quiring, Viktor and Eigner,
    Christof and Ebers, Lena and Hammer, Manfred and Förstner, Jens and Silberhorn,
    Christine and et al.}, year={2021}, pages={034022} }'
  chicago: 'Höpker, Jan Philipp, Varun B Verma, Maximilian Protte, Raimund Ricken,
    Viktor Quiring, Christof Eigner, Lena Ebers, et al. “Integrated Superconducting
    Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors on Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.”
    <i>Journal of Physics: Photonics</i> 3 (2021): 034022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b">https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. P. Höpker <i>et al.</i>, “Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon
    detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides,” <i>Journal of Physics:
    Photonics</i>, vol. 3, p. 034022, 2021, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b">10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>.'
  mla: 'Höpker, Jan Philipp, et al. “Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon
    Detectors on Titanium in-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides.” <i>Journal of Physics:
    Photonics</i>, vol. 3, 2021, p. 034022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b">10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b</a>.'
  short: 'J.P. Höpker, V.B. Verma, M. Protte, R. Ricken, V. Quiring, C. Eigner, L.
    Ebers, M. Hammer, J. Förstner, C. Silberhorn, R.P. Mirin, S. Woo Nam, T. Bartley,
    Journal of Physics: Photonics 3 (2021) 034022.'
date_created: 2021-09-03T08:04:06Z
date_updated: 2022-10-25T07:34:42Z
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '61'
- _id: '230'
doi: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac105b
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: fossie
  date_created: 2021-09-07T07:41:04Z
  date_updated: 2021-09-07T07:41:04Z
  file_id: '23825'
  file_name: 2021-07 Höpker J._Phys._Photonics_3_034022.pdf
  file_size: 1097820
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2021-09-07T07:41:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         3'
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
page: '034022'
project:
- _id: '53'
  name: TRR 142
publication: 'Journal of Physics: Photonics'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2515-7647
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused
  lithium niobate waveguides
type: journal_article
user_id: '49683'
volume: 3
year: '2021'
...
