---
_id: '58062'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p xml:lang="en">Principals have an important role to play in the implementation
    of digitalization in schools. They can be seen as role models for teachers with
    regard to information and communication technology (ICT) usage. Furthermore, there
    is nowadays a solid research linking educational leadership and management indirectly
    to student achievement. However, there is a lack of studies on the specific ICT
    usage of principals and the relationship with students' ICT skills. Against this
    background, our research aimed to find out whether different clusters of principals
    in Chile, Denmark, Germany, the Republic of Korea, and the United States can be
    identified on the basis of their leadership and management activities using ICT
    and whether there are differences in the distribution of the identified clusters
    across the countries. A latent class analysis was conducted using the International
    Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) 2018 school questionnaire data.
    Across the five countries, three different clusters were identified based on principals’
    activities using ICT. Proportions of principals’ distribution across the clusters
    varied significantly between the countries. In addition, it was investigated whether
    the clusters are related to students' computer and information literacy (CIL)
    using the means of student's scores in the computer based CIL test. No significant
    relation was found either when the five countries were considered together or
    individually.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Julia
  full_name: Gerick, Julia
  last_name: Gerick
- first_name: Pierre
  full_name: Tulowitzki, Pierre
  last_name: Tulowitzki
- first_name: Birgit
  full_name: Eickelmann, Birgit
  id: '40387'
  last_name: Eickelmann
  orcid: 0000-0001-6124-746X
- first_name: Jeppe
  full_name: Bundsgaard, Jeppe
  last_name: Bundsgaard
- first_name: Christiane
  full_name: Annemann, Christiane
  last_name: Annemann
- first_name: Claudia
  full_name: Menge, Claudia
  last_name: Menge
citation:
  ama: 'Gerick J, Tulowitzki P, Eickelmann B, Bundsgaard J, Annemann C, Menge C. School
    Management Activities in a Digital Age: An International Comparison Based on ICILS
    2018. <i>Research in Educational Administration and Leadership</i>. 2024;9(4):661-697.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1485901">10.30828/real.1485901</a>'
  apa: 'Gerick, J., Tulowitzki, P., Eickelmann, B., Bundsgaard, J., Annemann, C.,
    &#38; Menge, C. (2024). School Management Activities in a Digital Age: An International
    Comparison Based on ICILS 2018. <i>Research in Educational Administration and
    Leadership</i>, <i>9</i>(4), 661–697. <a href="https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1485901">https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1485901</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Gerick_Tulowitzki_Eickelmann_Bundsgaard_Annemann_Menge_2024, title={School
    Management Activities in a Digital Age: An International Comparison Based on ICILS
    2018}, volume={9}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1485901">10.30828/real.1485901</a>},
    number={4}, journal={Research in Educational Administration and Leadership}, publisher={Egitim
    Yoneticileri ve Egitim Denetcileri Dernegi}, author={Gerick, Julia and Tulowitzki,
    Pierre and Eickelmann, Birgit and Bundsgaard, Jeppe and Annemann, Christiane and
    Menge, Claudia}, year={2024}, pages={661–697} }'
  chicago: 'Gerick, Julia, Pierre Tulowitzki, Birgit Eickelmann, Jeppe Bundsgaard,
    Christiane Annemann, and Claudia Menge. “School Management Activities in a Digital
    Age: An International Comparison Based on ICILS 2018.” <i>Research in Educational
    Administration and Leadership</i> 9, no. 4 (2024): 661–97. <a href="https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1485901">https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1485901</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. Gerick, P. Tulowitzki, B. Eickelmann, J. Bundsgaard, C. Annemann, and
    C. Menge, “School Management Activities in a Digital Age: An International Comparison
    Based on ICILS 2018,” <i>Research in Educational Administration and Leadership</i>,
    vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 661–697, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1485901">10.30828/real.1485901</a>.'
  mla: 'Gerick, Julia, et al. “School Management Activities in a Digital Age: An International
    Comparison Based on ICILS 2018.” <i>Research in Educational Administration and
    Leadership</i>, vol. 9, no. 4, Egitim Yoneticileri ve Egitim Denetcileri Dernegi,
    2024, pp. 661–97, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1485901">10.30828/real.1485901</a>.'
  short: J. Gerick, P. Tulowitzki, B. Eickelmann, J. Bundsgaard, C. Annemann, C. Menge,
    Research in Educational Administration and Leadership 9 (2024) 661–697.
date_created: 2025-01-07T09:04:48Z
date_updated: 2025-01-07T09:07:47Z
department:
- _id: '462'
doi: 10.30828/real.1485901
intvolume: '         9'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 661-697
publication: Research in Educational Administration and Leadership
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2564-7261
publication_status: published
publisher: Egitim Yoneticileri ve Egitim Denetcileri Dernegi
status: public
title: 'School Management Activities in a Digital Age: An International Comparison
  Based on ICILS 2018'
type: journal_article
user_id: '40387'
volume: 9
year: '2024'
...