---
_id: '64978'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The degrees of freedom (DoFs) of light determine the maximum number of independent
    signal\r\nchannels an optical system can support. However, the polarization DoF
    is intrinsically limited to two by\r\northogonality, which causes unavoidable
    crosstalk and often forces position multiplexing, where different\r\nchannels
    are assigned to distinct spatial locations to suppress crosstalk. This research
    introduces a multilayer\r\nsynchronous polarization projection method that fundamentally
    increases the DoF for polarization\r\nmultiplexing. The DoF equals twice the number
    of projection layers. We experimentally demonstrate six-\r\nchannel polarization
    multiplexing holography without position multiplexing. The six-channel multiplexing\r\nresults
    indicate that our approach exceeds the conventional polarization multiplexing
    method, yielding an\r\naverage 3.79 dB improvement in extinction ratio across
    the six channels. Compared with the theoretical\r\nlimit of traditional polarization
    multiplexing, our method reduces crosstalk by an average of 6.52 dB across\r\nall
    channels in a seven-channel design. The polarization projection method breaks
    the DoF limitation\r\nof polarization multiplexing, opening a path toward high-dimensional
    photonic information encoding for\r\ncommunication, encryption, and imaging."
article_number: '26010'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Xiao
  full_name: Jin, Xiao
  last_name: Jin
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
  id: '30525'
  last_name: Zentgraf
  orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
citation:
  ama: Jin X, Zentgraf T. Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization
    through multilayer synchronous polarization projection. <i>Advanced Photonics</i>.
    2026;8(02). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010">10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>
  apa: Jin, X., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2026). Increasing the design degree of freedom
    for polarization through multilayer synchronous polarization projection. <i>Advanced
    Photonics</i>, <i>8</i>(02), Article 26010. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Jin_Zentgraf_2026, title={Increasing the design degree of freedom
    for polarization through multilayer synchronous polarization projection}, volume={8},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010">10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>},
    number={0226010}, journal={Advanced Photonics}, publisher={SPIE-Intl Soc Optical
    Eng}, author={Jin, Xiao and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Increasing the Design Degree of Freedom
    for Polarization through Multilayer Synchronous Polarization Projection.” <i>Advanced
    Photonics</i> 8, no. 02 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>.
  ieee: 'X. Jin and T. Zentgraf, “Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization
    through multilayer synchronous polarization projection,” <i>Advanced Photonics</i>,
    vol. 8, no. 02, Art. no. 26010, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010">10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>.'
  mla: Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Increasing the Design Degree of Freedom for
    Polarization through Multilayer Synchronous Polarization Projection.” <i>Advanced
    Photonics</i>, vol. 8, no. 02, 26010, SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng, 2026, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010">10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010</a>.
  short: X. Jin, T. Zentgraf, Advanced Photonics 8 (2026).
date_created: 2026-03-16T07:17:52Z
date_updated: 2026-03-16T07:20:07Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '289'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010
intvolume: '         8'
issue: '02'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.researching.cn/Articles/OJafd1e3b9e643c6be
oa: '1'
publication: Advanced Photonics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2577-5421
publication_status: published
publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization through multilayer
  synchronous polarization projection
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 8
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '8797'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Free from phase-matching constraints, plasmonic metasurfaces have contributed
    significantly to the control of optical nonlinearity and enhancement of nonlinear
    generation efficiency by engineering subwavelength meta-atoms. However, high dissipative
    losses and inevitable thermal heating limit their applicability in nonlinear nanophotonics.
    All-dielectric metasurfaces, supporting both electric and magnetic Mie-type resonances
    in their nanostructures, have appeared as a promising alternative to nonlinear
    plasmonics. High-index dielectric nanostructures, allowing additional magnetic
    resonances, can induce magnetic nonlinear effects, which, along with electric
    nonlinearities, increase the nonlinear conversion efficiency. In addition, low
    dissipative losses and high damage thresholds provide an extra degree of freedom
    for operating at high pump intensities, resulting in a considerable enhancement
    of the nonlinear processes. We discuss the current state of the art in the intensely
    developing area of all-dielectric nonlinear nanostructures and metasurfaces, including
    the role of Mie modes, Fano resonances, and anapole moments for harmonic generation,
    wave mixing, and ultrafast optical switching. Furthermore, we review the recent
    progress in the nonlinear phase and wavefront control using all-dielectric metasurfaces.
    We discuss techniques to realize all-dielectric metasurfaces for multifunctional
    applications and generation of second-order nonlinear processes from complementary
    metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible materials.
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Basudeb
  full_name: Sain, Basudeb
  last_name: Sain
- first_name: Cedrik
  full_name: Meier, Cedrik
  id: '20798'
  last_name: Meier
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3787-3572
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
  id: '30525'
  last_name: Zentgraf
  orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
citation:
  ama: 'Sain B, Meier C, Zentgraf T. Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric nanoantennas
    and metasurfaces: a review. <i>Advanced Photonics</i>. 2019;1(2):024002. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002">10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002</a>'
  apa: 'Sain, B., Meier, C., &#38; Zentgraf, T. (2019). Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric
    nanoantennas and metasurfaces: a review. <i>Advanced Photonics</i>, <i>1</i>(2),
    024002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Sain_Meier_Zentgraf_2019, title={Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric
    nanoantennas and metasurfaces: a review}, volume={1}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002">10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002</a>},
    number={2}, journal={Advanced Photonics}, author={Sain, Basudeb and Meier, Cedrik
    and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2019}, pages={024002} }'
  chicago: 'Sain, Basudeb, Cedrik Meier, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Nonlinear Optics in
    All-Dielectric Nanoantennas and Metasurfaces: A Review.” <i>Advanced Photonics</i>
    1, no. 2 (2019): 024002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Sain, C. Meier, and T. Zentgraf, “Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric nanoantennas
    and metasurfaces: a review,” <i>Advanced Photonics</i>, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 024002,
    2019.'
  mla: 'Sain, Basudeb, et al. “Nonlinear Optics in All-Dielectric Nanoantennas and
    Metasurfaces: A Review.” <i>Advanced Photonics</i>, vol. 1, no. 2, 2019, p. 024002,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002">10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002</a>.'
  short: B. Sain, C. Meier, T. Zentgraf, Advanced Photonics 1 (2019) 024002.
date_created: 2019-04-04T06:20:14Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:02Z
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '429'
- _id: '289'
doi: 10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: zentgraf
  date_created: 2019-12-14T14:24:36Z
  date_updated: 2019-12-14T14:24:36Z
  file_id: '15330'
  file_name: AdvPhoton_2019.pdf
  file_size: 5275552
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2019-12-14T14:24:36Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         1'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Advanced-Photonics/volume-1/issue-02/024002/Nonlinear-optics-in-all-dielectric-nanoantennas-and-metasurfaces--a/10.1117/1.AP.1.2.024002.full
oa: '1'
page: '024002'
project:
- _id: '53'
  name: TRR 142
- _id: '75'
  name: TRR 142 - Subproject C5
- _id: '56'
  name: TRR 142 - Project Area C
publication: Advanced Photonics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2577-5421
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric nanoantennas and metasurfaces: a review'
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 1
year: '2019'
...