---
_id: '64978'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "The degrees of freedom (DoFs) of light determine the maximum number of independent
signal\r\nchannels an optical system can support. However, the polarization DoF
is intrinsically limited to two by\r\northogonality, which causes unavoidable
crosstalk and often forces position multiplexing, where different\r\nchannels
are assigned to distinct spatial locations to suppress crosstalk. This research
introduces a multilayer\r\nsynchronous polarization projection method that fundamentally
increases the DoF for polarization\r\nmultiplexing. The DoF equals twice the number
of projection layers. We experimentally demonstrate six-\r\nchannel polarization
multiplexing holography without position multiplexing. The six-channel multiplexing\r\nresults
indicate that our approach exceeds the conventional polarization multiplexing
method, yielding an\r\naverage 3.79 dB improvement in extinction ratio across
the six channels. Compared with the theoretical\r\nlimit of traditional polarization
multiplexing, our method reduces crosstalk by an average of 6.52 dB across\r\nall
channels in a seven-channel design. The polarization projection method breaks
the DoF limitation\r\nof polarization multiplexing, opening a path toward high-dimensional
photonic information encoding for\r\ncommunication, encryption, and imaging."
article_number: '26010'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Xiao
full_name: Jin, Xiao
last_name: Jin
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
id: '30525'
last_name: Zentgraf
orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
citation:
ama: Jin X, Zentgraf T. Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization
through multilayer synchronous polarization projection. Advanced Photonics.
2026;8(02). doi:10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010
apa: Jin, X., & Zentgraf, T. (2026). Increasing the design degree of freedom
for polarization through multilayer synchronous polarization projection. Advanced
Photonics, 8(02), Article 26010. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010
bibtex: '@article{Jin_Zentgraf_2026, title={Increasing the design degree of freedom
for polarization through multilayer synchronous polarization projection}, volume={8},
DOI={10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010},
number={0226010}, journal={Advanced Photonics}, publisher={SPIE-Intl Soc Optical
Eng}, author={Jin, Xiao and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2026} }'
chicago: Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Increasing the Design Degree of Freedom
for Polarization through Multilayer Synchronous Polarization Projection.” Advanced
Photonics 8, no. 02 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010.
ieee: 'X. Jin and T. Zentgraf, “Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization
through multilayer synchronous polarization projection,” Advanced Photonics,
vol. 8, no. 02, Art. no. 26010, 2026, doi: 10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010.'
mla: Jin, Xiao, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Increasing the Design Degree of Freedom for
Polarization through Multilayer Synchronous Polarization Projection.” Advanced
Photonics, vol. 8, no. 02, 26010, SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng, 2026, doi:10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010.
short: X. Jin, T. Zentgraf, Advanced Photonics 8 (2026).
date_created: 2026-03-16T07:17:52Z
date_updated: 2026-03-16T07:20:07Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '289'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1117/1.ap.8.2.026010
intvolume: ' 8'
issue: '02'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.researching.cn/Articles/OJafd1e3b9e643c6be
oa: '1'
publication: Advanced Photonics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2577-5421
publication_status: published
publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Increasing the design degree of freedom for polarization through multilayer
synchronous polarization projection
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 8
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '66870'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Janus metasurfaces have attracted considerable attention in encrypted communication,
imaging, and display due to their unusual bidirectional asymmetric optical manipulation
characteristics. Particularly, their multifunctionalization is of great significance
for enhancing the compactness and integration of optical systems. However, the
realization of multifunctional Janus metasurfaces in the optical band still faces
enormous difficulties and challenges, which are essentially limited by the anti-error
design and processing methods of multi-layer cascade metasurfaces. Here, a triple-layer
Janus metasurface based on cascaded plasmonic nano-antenna arrays fully buried
in SiO2 is constructed. Among them, the cascaded plasma nano-antenna consists
of two types of enantiomers for each wavelength. Each enantiomer is fabricated
with two layers of L-shaped nanostructures with phase modulation and one layer
of dimer nanostructures with polarization selection stacked alternately along
the optical axis. We experimentally show that the Janus metasurface achieves bidirectional
asymmetric multi-channel holographic encryption, simultaneously using propagation
direction, phase, polarization, and wavelength for the first time in the near-infrared
band, which is expected to provide a frontier route for multifunctional optical
displays, high-level optical information encryption, and large-capacity full-duplex
communication.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Guocui
full_name: Wang, Guocui
last_name: Wang
- first_name: René
full_name: Geromel, René
last_name: Geromel
- first_name: Qunshuo
full_name: Wei, Qunshuo
last_name: Wei
- first_name: Ruizhe
full_name: Zhao, Ruizhe
last_name: Zhao
- first_name: Xiaowei
full_name: Li, Xiaowei
last_name: Li
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
id: '30525'
last_name: Zentgraf
orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
- first_name: Lingling
full_name: Huang, Lingling
last_name: Huang
citation:
ama: Wang G, Geromel R, Wei Q, et al. Asymmetric multi-channel holography by cascaded
plasmonic Janus metasurfaces. Advanced Photonics. 2026;8(05):1-11. doi:10.1117/1.ap.8.5.056006
apa: Wang, G., Geromel, R., Wei, Q., Zhao, R., Li, X., Zentgraf, T., & Huang,
L. (2026). Asymmetric multi-channel holography by cascaded plasmonic Janus metasurfaces.
Advanced Photonics, 8(05), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.5.056006
bibtex: '@article{Wang_Geromel_Wei_Zhao_Li_Zentgraf_Huang_2026, title={Asymmetric
multi-channel holography by cascaded plasmonic Janus metasurfaces}, volume={8},
DOI={10.1117/1.ap.8.5.056006},
number={05}, journal={Advanced Photonics}, publisher={SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng},
author={Wang, Guocui and Geromel, René and Wei, Qunshuo and Zhao, Ruizhe and Li,
Xiaowei and Zentgraf, Thomas and Huang, Lingling}, year={2026}, pages={1–11} }'
chicago: 'Wang, Guocui, René Geromel, Qunshuo Wei, Ruizhe Zhao, Xiaowei Li, Thomas
Zentgraf, and Lingling Huang. “Asymmetric Multi-Channel Holography by Cascaded
Plasmonic Janus Metasurfaces.” Advanced Photonics 8, no. 05 (2026): 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.8.5.056006.'
ieee: 'G. Wang et al., “Asymmetric multi-channel holography by cascaded plasmonic
Janus metasurfaces,” Advanced Photonics, vol. 8, no. 05, pp. 1–11, 2026,
doi: 10.1117/1.ap.8.5.056006.'
mla: Wang, Guocui, et al. “Asymmetric Multi-Channel Holography by Cascaded Plasmonic
Janus Metasurfaces.” Advanced Photonics, vol. 8, no. 05, SPIE-Intl Soc
Optical Eng, 2026, pp. 1–11, doi:10.1117/1.ap.8.5.056006.
short: G. Wang, R. Geromel, Q. Wei, R. Zhao, X. Li, T. Zentgraf, L. Huang, Advanced
Photonics 8 (2026) 1–11.
date_created: 2026-08-31T05:44:11Z
date_updated: 2026-08-31T05:48:43Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '289'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1117/1.ap.8.5.056006
intvolume: ' 8'
issue: '05'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.researching.cn/Articles/OJf9b235a7c5a0a3bf
oa: '1'
page: 1-11
publication: Advanced Photonics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2577-5421
- 2577-5421
publication_status: published
publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Asymmetric multi-channel holography by cascaded plasmonic Janus metasurfaces
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 8
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '8797'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Free from phase-matching constraints, plasmonic metasurfaces have contributed
significantly to the control of optical nonlinearity and enhancement of nonlinear
generation efficiency by engineering subwavelength meta-atoms. However, high dissipative
losses and inevitable thermal heating limit their applicability in nonlinear nanophotonics.
All-dielectric metasurfaces, supporting both electric and magnetic Mie-type resonances
in their nanostructures, have appeared as a promising alternative to nonlinear
plasmonics. High-index dielectric nanostructures, allowing additional magnetic
resonances, can induce magnetic nonlinear effects, which, along with electric
nonlinearities, increase the nonlinear conversion efficiency. In addition, low
dissipative losses and high damage thresholds provide an extra degree of freedom
for operating at high pump intensities, resulting in a considerable enhancement
of the nonlinear processes. We discuss the current state of the art in the intensely
developing area of all-dielectric nonlinear nanostructures and metasurfaces, including
the role of Mie modes, Fano resonances, and anapole moments for harmonic generation,
wave mixing, and ultrafast optical switching. Furthermore, we review the recent
progress in the nonlinear phase and wavefront control using all-dielectric metasurfaces.
We discuss techniques to realize all-dielectric metasurfaces for multifunctional
applications and generation of second-order nonlinear processes from complementary
metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible materials.
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Basudeb
full_name: Sain, Basudeb
last_name: Sain
- first_name: Cedrik
full_name: Meier, Cedrik
id: '20798'
last_name: Meier
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3787-3572
- first_name: Thomas
full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
id: '30525'
last_name: Zentgraf
orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
citation:
ama: 'Sain B, Meier C, Zentgraf T. Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric nanoantennas
and metasurfaces: a review. Advanced Photonics. 2019;1(2):024002. doi:10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002'
apa: 'Sain, B., Meier, C., & Zentgraf, T. (2019). Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric
nanoantennas and metasurfaces: a review. Advanced Photonics, 1(2),
024002. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002'
bibtex: '@article{Sain_Meier_Zentgraf_2019, title={Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric
nanoantennas and metasurfaces: a review}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002},
number={2}, journal={Advanced Photonics}, author={Sain, Basudeb and Meier, Cedrik
and Zentgraf, Thomas}, year={2019}, pages={024002} }'
chicago: 'Sain, Basudeb, Cedrik Meier, and Thomas Zentgraf. “Nonlinear Optics in
All-Dielectric Nanoantennas and Metasurfaces: A Review.” Advanced Photonics
1, no. 2 (2019): 024002. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002.'
ieee: 'B. Sain, C. Meier, and T. Zentgraf, “Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric nanoantennas
and metasurfaces: a review,” Advanced Photonics, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 024002,
2019.'
mla: 'Sain, Basudeb, et al. “Nonlinear Optics in All-Dielectric Nanoantennas and
Metasurfaces: A Review.” Advanced Photonics, vol. 1, no. 2, 2019, p. 024002,
doi:10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002.'
short: B. Sain, C. Meier, T. Zentgraf, Advanced Photonics 1 (2019) 024002.
date_created: 2019-04-04T06:20:14Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:02Z
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '429'
- _id: '289'
doi: 10.1117/1.ap.1.2.024002
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: zentgraf
date_created: 2019-12-14T14:24:36Z
date_updated: 2019-12-14T14:24:36Z
file_id: '15330'
file_name: AdvPhoton_2019.pdf
file_size: 5275552
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2019-12-14T14:24:36Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 1'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Advanced-Photonics/volume-1/issue-02/024002/Nonlinear-optics-in-all-dielectric-nanoantennas-and-metasurfaces--a/10.1117/1.AP.1.2.024002.full
oa: '1'
page: '024002'
project:
- _id: '53'
name: TRR 142
- _id: '75'
name: TRR 142 - Subproject C5
- _id: '56'
name: TRR 142 - Project Area C
publication: Advanced Photonics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2577-5421
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric nanoantennas and metasurfaces: a review'
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
volume: 1
year: '2019'
...