[{"article_number":"1593017","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"60897","user_id":"117951","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>This work examines the integration of large language models (LLMs) into multi-agent simulations by replacing the hard-coded programs of agents with LLM-driven prompts. The proposed approach is showcased in the context of two examples of complex systems from the field of swarm intelligence: ant colony foraging and bird flocking. Central to this study is a toolchain that integrates LLMs with the NetLogo simulation platform, leveraging its Python extension to enable communication with GPT-4o via the OpenAI API. This toolchain facilitates prompt-driven behavior generation, allowing agents to respond adaptively to environmental data. For both example applications mentioned above, we employ both structured, rule-based prompts and autonomous, knowledge-driven prompts. Our work demonstrates how this toolchain enables LLMs to study self-organizing processes and induce emergent behaviors within multi-agent environments, paving the way for new approaches to exploring intelligent systems and modeling swarm intelligence inspired by natural phenomena. We provide the code, including simulation files and data at <jats:ext-link>https://github.com/crjimene/swarm_gpt</jats:ext-link>.</jats:p>"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","title":"Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence","doi":"10.3389/frai.2025.1593017","date_updated":"2025-08-08T11:37:53Z","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","date_created":"2025-08-06T14:59:29Z","author":[{"first_name":"Cristian","full_name":"Jimenez-Romero, Cristian","last_name":"Jimenez-Romero"},{"first_name":"Alper","id":"117951","full_name":"Yegenoglu, Alper","last_name":"Yegenoglu","orcid":"0000-0001-8869-215X"},{"last_name":"Blum","full_name":"Blum, Christian","first_name":"Christian"}],"volume":8,"year":"2025","citation":{"ama":"Jimenez-Romero C, Yegenoglu A, Blum C. Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence. <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence</i>. 2025;8. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017\">10.3389/frai.2025.1593017</a>","ieee":"C. Jimenez-Romero, A. Yegenoglu, and C. Blum, “Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence,” <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence</i>, vol. 8, Art. no. 1593017, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017\">10.3389/frai.2025.1593017</a>.","chicago":"Jimenez-Romero, Cristian, Alper Yegenoglu, and Christian Blum. “Multi-Agent Systems Powered by Large Language Models: Applications in Swarm Intelligence.” <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence</i> 8 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017</a>.","apa":"Jimenez-Romero, C., Yegenoglu, A., &#38; Blum, C. (2025). Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence. <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence</i>, <i>8</i>, Article 1593017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017\">https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017</a>","mla":"Jimenez-Romero, Cristian, et al. “Multi-Agent Systems Powered by Large Language Models: Applications in Swarm Intelligence.” <i>Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence</i>, vol. 8, 1593017, Frontiers Media SA, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017\">10.3389/frai.2025.1593017</a>.","short":"C. Jimenez-Romero, A. Yegenoglu, C. Blum, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 8 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Jimenez-Romero_Yegenoglu_Blum_2025, title={Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence}, volume={8}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2025.1593017\">10.3389/frai.2025.1593017</a>}, number={1593017}, journal={Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Jimenez-Romero, Cristian and Yegenoglu, Alper and Blum, Christian}, year={2025} }"},"intvolume":"         8","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2624-8212"]}}]