---
_id: '61014'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: '<jats:p>To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the specific properties
    of complex-shaped technical aerosols—such as partially sintered aggregates formed
    in combustion processes or structured particles resulting from complex synthesis
    processes—it is essential to measure more than a single equivalent size. This
    study examines a novel method for determining a two-dimensional distribution of
    two distinct particle properties within the size range from 50nm to 1000nm: the
    Centrifugal Differential Mobility Analyzer (CDMA). The CDMA enables the simultaneous
    measurement of both mobility and Stokes equivalent diameters, providing a detailed
    two-dimensional particle property distribution. This, in turn, allows for the
    extraction of shape-related information, which is essential for characterizing
    particles in terms of their chemical composition, reactivity, and other physicochemical
    properties. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of a first CDMA prototype.
    First, CFD simulations of the flow field within the classifier are presented in
    order to assess and understand non-idealities arising from the exact geometry.
    Subsequently, the transfer function is evaluated by particle trajectory calculations
    based on the simulated flow field. It can be demonstrated that the simulated transfer
    functions agree quite well with transfer functions derived from streamlines of
    an ideal flow field, indicating that the non-idealities in the classifying region
    are almost negligible in their effect on the classification result. An experimental
    determination of the transfer function shows additional effects not covered by
    the previous simulations, like broadening by diffusion and losses due to diffusion
    and precipitation within the in- and outlet of the classifier. Finally, the determined
    transfer functions are used to determine the full two-dimensional distribution
    with regard to the mobility and Stokes equivalent diameter of real aerosols, like
    spherical particles and aggregates at different sintering stages, respectively.</jats:p>'
article_number: '11'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Torben Norbert
  full_name: Rüther, Torben Norbert
  last_name: Rüther
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Gröne, Sebastian
  last_name: Gröne
- first_name: Christopher
  full_name: Dechert, Christopher
  last_name: Dechert
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
  orcid: 000-0001-8590-1921
citation:
  ama: Rüther TN, Gröne S, Dechert C, Schmid H-J. Centrifugal Differential Mobility
    Analysis—Validation and First Two-Dimensional Measurements. <i>Powders</i>. 2025;4(2).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders4020011">10.3390/powders4020011</a>
  apa: Rüther, T. N., Gröne, S., Dechert, C., &#38; Schmid, H.-J. (2025). Centrifugal
    Differential Mobility Analysis—Validation and First Two-Dimensional Measurements.
    <i>Powders</i>, <i>4</i>(2), Article 11. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders4020011">https://doi.org/10.3390/powders4020011</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Rüther_Gröne_Dechert_Schmid_2025, title={Centrifugal Differential
    Mobility Analysis—Validation and First Two-Dimensional Measurements}, volume={4},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders4020011">10.3390/powders4020011</a>},
    number={211}, journal={Powders}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Rüther, Torben Norbert
    and Gröne, Sebastian and Dechert, Christopher and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}, year={2025}
    }'
  chicago: Rüther, Torben Norbert, Sebastian Gröne, Christopher Dechert, and Hans-Joachim
    Schmid. “Centrifugal Differential Mobility Analysis—Validation and First Two-Dimensional
    Measurements.” <i>Powders</i> 4, no. 2 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders4020011">https://doi.org/10.3390/powders4020011</a>.
  ieee: 'T. N. Rüther, S. Gröne, C. Dechert, and H.-J. Schmid, “Centrifugal Differential
    Mobility Analysis—Validation and First Two-Dimensional Measurements,” <i>Powders</i>,
    vol. 4, no. 2, Art. no. 11, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders4020011">10.3390/powders4020011</a>.'
  mla: Rüther, Torben Norbert, et al. “Centrifugal Differential Mobility Analysis—Validation
    and First Two-Dimensional Measurements.” <i>Powders</i>, vol. 4, no. 2, 11, MDPI
    AG, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders4020011">10.3390/powders4020011</a>.
  short: T.N. Rüther, S. Gröne, C. Dechert, H.-J. Schmid, Powders 4 (2025).
date_created: 2025-08-25T16:10:45Z
date_updated: 2025-08-25T16:15:41Z
doi: 10.3390/powders4020011
funded_apc: '1'
intvolume: '         4'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- centrifugal differential mobility analysis
- 2D-measurement
- particle characterization
- moving reference frame CFD-simulation
- transfer function
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Powders
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2674-0516
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Centrifugal Differential Mobility Analysis—Validation and First Two-Dimensional
  Measurements
type: journal_article
user_id: '464'
volume: 4
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '41492'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>The current investigation shows the feasibility of 316L steel powder
    production via three different argon gas atomisation routes (closed coupled atomisation,
    free fall atomisation with and without hot gas), along with subsequent sample
    production by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB). Here, a mixture of pure Fe and
    atomised 316L steel powder is used for PBF-LB to induce a chemical composition
    gradient in the microstructure. Optical microscopy and μ-CT investigations proved
    that the samples processed by PBF-LB exhibit very little porosity. Combined EBSD-EDS
    measurements show the chemical composition gradient leading to the formation of
    a local fcc-structure. Upon heat treatment (1100 °C, 14 h), the chemical composition
    is homogeneous throughout the microstructure. A moderate decrease (1060 to 985
    MPa) in the sample’s ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is observed after heat treatment.
    However, the total elongation of the as-built and heat-treated samples remains
    the same (≈22%). Similarly, a slight decrease in the hardness from 341 to 307
    HV1 is observed upon heat treatment.</jats:p>
author:
- first_name: Sudipta
  full_name: Pramanik, Sudipta
  last_name: Pramanik
- first_name: Anatolii
  full_name: Andreiev, Anatolii
  id: '50215'
  last_name: Andreiev
- first_name: Kay-Peter
  full_name: Hoyer, Kay-Peter
  id: '48411'
  last_name: Hoyer
- first_name: Jan Tobias
  full_name: Krüger, Jan Tobias
  id: '44307'
  last_name: Krüger
  orcid: 0000-0002-0827-9654
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Hengsbach, Florian
  last_name: Hengsbach
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Kircheis, Alexander
  last_name: Kircheis
- first_name: Weiyu
  full_name: Zhao, Weiyu
  last_name: Zhao
- first_name: Jörg
  full_name: Fischer-Bühner, Jörg
  last_name: Fischer-Bühner
- first_name: Mirko
  full_name: Schaper, Mirko
  id: '43720'
  last_name: Schaper
citation:
  ama: Pramanik S, Andreiev A, Hoyer K-P, et al. Powder Production via Atomisation
    and Subsequent Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Fe+316L Steel Hybrid Alloy.
    <i>Powders</i>. 2023;2(1):59-74. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders2010005">10.3390/powders2010005</a>
  apa: Pramanik, S., Andreiev, A., Hoyer, K.-P., Krüger, J. T., Hengsbach, F., Kircheis,
    A., Zhao, W., Fischer-Bühner, J., &#38; Schaper, M. (2023). Powder Production
    via Atomisation and Subsequent Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Fe+316L Steel
    Hybrid Alloy. <i>Powders</i>, <i>2</i>(1), 59–74. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders2010005">https://doi.org/10.3390/powders2010005</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Pramanik_Andreiev_Hoyer_Krüger_Hengsbach_Kircheis_Zhao_Fischer-Bühner_Schaper_2023,
    title={Powder Production via Atomisation and Subsequent Laser Powder Bed Fusion
    Processing of Fe+316L Steel Hybrid Alloy}, volume={2}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders2010005">10.3390/powders2010005</a>},
    number={1}, journal={Powders}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Pramanik, Sudipta
    and Andreiev, Anatolii and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Krüger, Jan Tobias and Hengsbach,
    Florian and Kircheis, Alexander and Zhao, Weiyu and Fischer-Bühner, Jörg and Schaper,
    Mirko}, year={2023}, pages={59–74} }'
  chicago: 'Pramanik, Sudipta, Anatolii Andreiev, Kay-Peter Hoyer, Jan Tobias Krüger,
    Florian Hengsbach, Alexander Kircheis, Weiyu Zhao, Jörg Fischer-Bühner, and Mirko
    Schaper. “Powder Production via Atomisation and Subsequent Laser Powder Bed Fusion
    Processing of Fe+316L Steel Hybrid Alloy.” <i>Powders</i> 2, no. 1 (2023): 59–74.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders2010005">https://doi.org/10.3390/powders2010005</a>.'
  ieee: 'S. Pramanik <i>et al.</i>, “Powder Production via Atomisation and Subsequent
    Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Fe+316L Steel Hybrid Alloy,” <i>Powders</i>,
    vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 59–74, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders2010005">10.3390/powders2010005</a>.'
  mla: Pramanik, Sudipta, et al. “Powder Production via Atomisation and Subsequent
    Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Fe+316L Steel Hybrid Alloy.” <i>Powders</i>,
    vol. 2, no. 1, MDPI AG, 2023, pp. 59–74, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/powders2010005">10.3390/powders2010005</a>.
  short: S. Pramanik, A. Andreiev, K.-P. Hoyer, J.T. Krüger, F. Hengsbach, A. Kircheis,
    W. Zhao, J. Fischer-Bühner, M. Schaper, Powders 2 (2023) 59–74.
date_created: 2023-02-02T14:24:33Z
date_updated: 2023-06-01T14:22:00Z
department:
- _id: '9'
- _id: '158'
doi: 10.3390/powders2010005
intvolume: '         2'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 59-74
publication: Powders
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2674-0516
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Powder Production via Atomisation and Subsequent Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing
  of Fe+316L Steel Hybrid Alloy
type: journal_article
user_id: '43720'
volume: 2
year: '2023'
...