@inproceedings{64229,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:This paper presents the MBSE-Graph-RAG framework to address key challenges in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Traditional MBSE tools suffer from usability barriers, limited accessibility, and integration challenges. By combining knowledge graphs with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), the proposed framework enables AI-Augmented engineering through natural language interactions and automated system architecture generation. A systematic literature review establishes a solid research foundation, identifying gaps in AI-assisted MBSE. Key contributions include a structured MBSE-Graph interface, improved usability via Large Language Models (LLMs), and automated graph construction aligned with SysML. A proof-of-concept demonstrates the potential of this approach to enhance MBSE by reducing complexity, improving data accessibility, and supporting engineering collaboration.}},
author = {{Hanke, Fabian and Mpidi Bita, Isaac and von Heißen, Oliver and Weller, Julian and Hovemann, Aschot and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{439--448}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{AI-augmented systems engineering: conceptual application of retrieval-augmented generation for model-based systems engineering graph}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10058}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{64252,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:The increasing complexity of modern product and production system development, driven by dynamic market demands, supply chain disruptions and economic pressures, poses significant challenges for companies. Existing methodologies often fall short due to their domain-specific focus, inconsistent terminology and lack of integration. To address these challenges, this paper presents a taxonomy for integrative product and production system development. The taxonomy systematically structures key elements, dependencies and processes to improve collaboration, decision-making and communication within organisations. Developed iteratively the taxonomy identifies ten core artefacts. It enables organisations to better plan improvements, synchronise development processes, and select appropriate methods and tools.}},
author = {{Disselkamp, Jan-Philipp and Seidenberg, Tobias and Westphal, Svenja and Lick, Jonas and Ptock, Lukas and Wyrwich, Fabian and Hovemann, Aschot and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{2121--2130}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Integrative and Integrated product and production system development: a taxonomy for managing dependencies and processes}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10226}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@article{62727,
abstract = {{With the increasing amount of data in collaborative engineering research, the need for effective and efficient data management is growing. This paper uses a maturity-based process model to examine the implementation of research data management (RDM) in engineering projects. A process model visualizes a research-supported implementation of RDM and helps researchers evaluate their data management strategies through maturity level assessment. For this approach, activities are assigned to different maturity levels based on a maturity level characteristic providing a differentiated view of the implementation of RDM. An example from an ongoing project shows the application and support of the developed maturity-based process model. The work emphasizes the importance of standardized and quality-assured data management for the success of research projects and their contribution to the scientific community}},
author = {{Wawer, Max Leo and Müller, Laura and Khaled, Jaouhar Ben and Stauß, Timo and Wurst, Johanna and Mozgova, Iryna and Lachmayer, Roland}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
journal = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
pages = {{169--178}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{A maturity based data management integration in engineering research projects}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10031}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61057,
abstract = {{Verification and Validation (V&V) are essential processes in engineering Cyber-Physical Systems. However, the role of V&V engineers is often not given sufficient attention. Based on a systematic literature analysis and practical observations, a four-step method for Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering (ToRRE) is developed. The steps are planning V&V, executing V&V activities, documenting V&V activities and analyzing results of V&V activities. Applying ToRRE ensures continuous information flow and traceability. Engineers are enabled to analyze requirements using engineering artifacts connected through Model-Based Systems Engineering. Adopting methods for Model-Based Effect Chain analysis to evaluated test cases and test scenarios, conclusions on requirements engineering and change management are enabled. The method is evaluated in an EU research project.}},
author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Ebel, Marcel}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
keywords = {{systems engineering (SE), product modelling/models, design methods, verification & validation, test cases & test scenarios}},
location = {{Dallas, Texas, USA}},
pages = {{3031--3040}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Test-oriented Resilient Requirements Engineering (ToRRE): extending model-based effect chain analysis to verification objectives}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10317}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61926,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:As modern technical systems grow in complexity, ensuring the quality of these systems during early development phases becomes more challenging. This is particularly evident in the development of modern passenger vehicles, where non-functional requirements (NFRs) play a critical role in ensuring that a vehicle operates according to specified standards and expectations, especially across different vehicle configurations and environmental conditions. The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in automotive engineering has transformed the approach to vehicle system design and development. This paper presents a pipeline for analyzing and generating NFRs for vehicle systems using generative AI-based methods. The pipeline categorizes NFRs, explores their interdependencies with vehicle configurations and environmental conditions, and addresses the completeness of NFRs in relation to specific vehicle use cases. The paper focuses on selecting appropriate NFR types for various use cases, taking into account diverse configurations and environmental factors. Examples of NFRs with varying parameters are provided for an electric vehicle under development at a leading car manufacturer, illustrating the benefit as well as the challenges of applying generative AI to automotive engineering.}},
author = {{Bazzal, Mahmoud and Lungu, Adriana and Kruse, Benjamin and Bernijazov, Ruslan and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{449--458}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{AI-Based Management and Generation Of Non-Functional Requirements in Vehicle Development and Integration}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10059}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61924,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) supports managing complex engineering projects. A pivotal element of MBSE is the concept of views which provide tailored representations of a system model to address stakeholder concerns. Despite standards describing the use and generation of views, the adoption and practical implementation of MBSE views and viewpoints in industrial practice remain insufficiently explored. Interviews with German practitioners reveal a disconnect between theory and practice: views and viewpoints and the involvement in MBSE are often limited to technical experts, excluding non-technical stakeholders. High complexity, abstract representations, and tool-related barriers impede broader engagement. The findings suggest stakeholder-specific, accessible visualizations integrated into easy-to-use tools to improve understanding, collaboration, and decision-making.}},
author = {{Förster, Felix and Koldewey, Christian and Bernijazov, Ruslan and Dumitrescu, Roman and Bursac, Nikola}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{2531--2540}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Navigating viewpoints in MBSE: challenges, potential and pathways for stakeholder participation in industry}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10267}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61929,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:Digital engineering transformation in industrial companies requires addressing diverse needs and their impact on every impacted engineering aspect. This paper analyses Changes initiated by transformation drivers and presents a systematic approach to integrate sustainability into engineering processes and artifacts. As a currently important topic the integration of sustainability data in engineering is used as an example of application. Based on identified use cases, sustainability parameters are derived and linked to engineering data objects to pinpoint their placement within the early product development. The results demonstrate how data-driven approaches enable effective sustainability integration and provide a foundation for future digital engineering transformations due to diverse divers.}},
author = {{Wyrwich, Fabian and Könemann, Ulf and Tissen, Denis and Bohnenkamp, Tinus and Hovemann, Aschot and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{1385--1394}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Digital engineering transformation for sustainability: an approach to systematically integrate sustainability data in engineering processes}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10152}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61925,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:The increasing complexity of modern product and production system development, driven by dynamic market demands, supply chain disruptions and economic pressures, poses significant challenges for companies. Existing methodologies often fall short due to their domain-specific focus, inconsistent terminology and lack of integration. To address these challenges, this paper presents a taxonomy for integrative product and production system development. The taxonomy systematically structures key elements, dependencies and processes to improve collaboration, decision-making and communication within organisations. Developed iteratively the taxonomy identifies ten core artefacts. It enables organisations to better plan improvements, synchronise development processes, and select appropriate methods and tools.}},
author = {{Disselkamp, Jan-Philipp and Seidenberg, Tobias and Westphal, Svenja and Lick, Jonas and Ptock, Lukas and Wyrwich, Fabian and Hovemann, Aschot and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{2121--2130}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Integrative and Integrated product and production system development: a taxonomy for managing dependencies and processes}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10226}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@article{61930,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:The increasing complexity and connectivity of the mobility system and modern automotive systems, particularly connected autonomous vehicles, demand a paradigm shift toward resilience-by-design to address disruptions in dynamic environments. Unlike established safety and cybersecurity engineering in automotive, resilience engineering has yet to be systematically integrated into development processes. This paper defines resilience using a standard-based definition method, emphasizing disruption tolerance, adaptability, and recoverability. We identify action fields to advance the topic and propose a resilience-by-design framework extending safety and cybersecurity perspectives. Resilience-by-design offers strategies and methods to design robust, adaptive systems, ensuring reliability and availability of automotive systems, functions, and components in operation.}},
author = {{Bita, Isaac Mpidi and Hovemann, Aschot and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
journal = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
pages = {{2781--2790}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Resilience-By-Design: Standard-based definition of Resilience and identification of action fields for the systems design of mobility system}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10292}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61927,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) are responsible for a significant portion of manufacturers’ carbon emissions. Since 80% of product-related environmental impacts are determined at the design stage, there is a need for CPPS manufacturers to focus on decarbonization at the design stage. To date, there is a lack of design-for-decarbonization guidance for CPPS. This paper proposes a procedural framework for the effective selection of decarbonization measures for the design of CPPS. A Decarbonization Wheel is developed to establish a product-specific decarbonization strategy. This tool is linked to a catalogue of decarbonization measures. A measure prioritization logic provides a structure for systematizing selected measures. The framework is validated in the case of an intelligent industrial control valve.}},
author = {{Schreiner, Nick and Cowen, Adam and Volling, Thomas and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{1295--1304}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Design-for-decarbonization: a framework for decarbonizing cyber-physical production systems at the design stage}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10143}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61951,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:Digital transformation has reshaped the manufacturing sector, driving innovation and new business models. Simultaneously, sustainability pressures and stricter regulations push companies to adopt circular economy (CE) principles, focusing on reducing, reusing, and recycling materials. This transition requires adapting business models, product design, and management while integrating processes such as reverse logistics. Digital technologies play a crucial role by enabling data generation, processing, and analysis, optimizing production, and reducing resource use. However, many companies face knowledge gaps regarding how to implement these technologies effectively for CE. This study addresses these challenges through a systematic literature review, offering a framework that links digital technologies to CE principles, focusing on slowing, narrowing, and closing material loops.}},
author = {{Scholtysik, Michel and Rasor, Anja and Petzke, Lisa Irene and Koldewey, Christian and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{541--550}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{An integrative perspective on digital technologies and circular economy: a systematic literature review}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10068}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61948,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:Sustainability is no longer just a trend for companies, but is now seen as a mandatory measure for the environmentally friendly and responsible use of existing resources. The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a transformative tool that aims to increase transparency and promote sustainability throughout the product lifecycle. This paper presents the 150% Information List, a comprehensive framework to help companies identify mandatory and optional data for the DPP. Using a systematic literature review, grey literature analysis and interviews with industry stakeholders, the study compiles 148 data points grouped by product relevance, availability and life cycle phase. The findings highlight the flexibility of the list to adapt to different industries and underline its potential to optimise resource use, meet regulatory requirements and drive innovation in product development.}},
author = {{Trienens, Malte and Orlowski, Valentin and Schröder, Luca and Hovemann, Aschot and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{2093--2100}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Information management for the digital product passport: a 150% approach}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10223}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61949,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:Facing increasingly dynamic market environments and global challenges such as climate change and resource scarcity, companies are under constant pressure to innovate and remain competitive. As technology is a key enabler, companies need to understand the drivers of technological change. Technology Foresight systematically identifies and analyzes emerging technologies to support engineering design decisions. However, the growing volume of data is outpacing manual processing capabilities. This research explores the integration of Generative AI to enhance Technology Foresight by automating technology analysis and information synthesis. This paper presents a comprehensive problem analysis, reviews existing solutions, and proposes a framework that demonstrates the potential of Large Language Models combined with a Retrieval Augmented Generation architecture to transform Technology Foresight.}},
author = {{Ellermann, Kai and Seidenberg, Tobias and Asmar, Laban and Knepler, Jonas and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{2221--2230}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Leveraging GenAI for technology foresight}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10236}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61055,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:Challenges of increasing system complexity and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration are prompting companies to reorganize towards Systems Engineering (SE). As part of the implementation of large-scale transformation programs, transformation progress is of great interest to management and employees involved. Existing maturity models lack measurable variables and reliable forecast. For this reason, a maturity model for evaluating SE Transformation is developed, that builds on quantitative metrics and enables an overarching view on transformation considering cultural aspects. Literature-based criteria for evaluating SE Transformation lay the foundation for measures and referenced metrics and indicators. Due to its data-centricity, the model presented enables a more comprehensive, fact-based decision-making basis for the design and steering of SE Transformation programs.}},
author = {{Graessler, Iris and Grewe, Benedikt and Felgen, Luc}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
location = {{Dallas, USA}},
pages = {{1081--1090}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Data-driven decision support in the design and controlling of systems engineering transformation: a maturity model}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10122}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61950,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:The importance of the circular economy as an alternative to today’s prevailing linear economy is recognised in both industry and research. Product designers are having a major influence on this transition by adapting the characteristics of physical products in the early phases of the product development process. However, most products follow a linear approach and are far from being circular. This paper aims to identify the challenges that product designers face when designing circular products. Building on a developed understanding of related terms in circular product design, an exploratory literature review is conducted. The results help to gain an overview and understanding of the challenges that need to be addressed. Therefore, further research directions are derived to support the transition from linear to circular products in the long term.}},
author = {{Jagnow, Jan and Stöhr, Bernd and Bernijazov, Ruslan and Koldewey, Christian and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{931--940}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Circular product design: a literature-based identification of challenges from the perspective of product designers}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10107}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{61928,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:Well-designed products are crucial to a company's business success. Management support is a critical success factor in ensuring that design-related aspects are given appropriate attention during product development. Despite the importance of management, the literature doesn't provide a clear picture of what characterizes a competent manager in product design. This gap impedes competence development and explains why organizations struggle to leverage the benefits of well-designed products. This research aims to address this gap by synthesizing important findings from the literature into a model of managerial competence. The model provides initial insight into the individual competencies managers need to meet their responsibility for good product design in organizations.}},
author = {{Stöhr, Bernd and Koldewey, Christian and Bernijazov, Ruslan and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{1425--1434}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Effective management support for design: towards a model of managerial competence}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10156}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{63542,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:This paper presents the MBSE-Graph-RAG framework to address key challenges in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Traditional MBSE tools suffer from usability barriers, limited accessibility, and integration challenges. By combining knowledge graphs with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), the proposed framework enables AI-Augmented engineering through natural language interactions and automated system architecture generation. A systematic literature review establishes a solid research foundation, identifying gaps in AI-assisted MBSE. Key contributions include a structured MBSE-Graph interface, improved usability via Large Language Models (LLMs), and automated graph construction aligned with SysML. A proof-of-concept demonstrates the potential of this approach to enhance MBSE by reducing complexity, improving data accessibility, and supporting engineering collaboration.}},
author = {{Hanke, Fabian and Bita, Isaac Mpidi and von Heißen, Oliver and Weller, Julian and Hovemann, Aschot and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{439--448}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{AI-augmented systems engineering: conceptual application of retrieval-augmented generation for model-based systems engineering graph}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10058}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{63545,
abstract = {{ABSTRACT:Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) are responsible for a significant portion of manufacturers’ carbon emissions. Since 80% of product-related environmental impacts are determined at the design stage, there is a need for CPPS manufacturers to focus on decarbonization at the design stage. To date, there is a lack of design-for-decarbonization guidance for CPPS. This paper proposes a procedural framework for the effective selection of decarbonization measures for the design of CPPS. A Decarbonization Wheel is developed to establish a product-specific decarbonization strategy. This tool is linked to a catalogue of decarbonization measures. A measure prioritization logic provides a structure for systematizing selected measures. The framework is validated in the case of an intelligent industrial control valve.}},
author = {{Schreiner, Nick and Cowen, Adam and Volling, Thomas and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
pages = {{1295--1304}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Design-for-decarbonization: a framework for decarbonizing cyber-physical production systems at the design stage}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2025.10143}},
volume = {{5}},
year = {{2025}},
}
@inproceedings{54738,
abstract = {{AbstractA volatile environment and an increasing number of products along with a growing range of functions pose a challenge for companies when it comes to further development. Existing methods are no longer sufficient to cope with these challenges. In order to develop new methods, the process and challenges in the advancement of product portfolios must be understood. In this paper we conduct an interview study with ten experts to gain a better understanding of the advancement of product portfolios. Triggers, changes and actions are examined and goals and requirements for new methods are derived.}},
author = {{Schlegel, Michael and Just, Markus and Wiederkehr, Ingrid and Thümmel, Carsten and Kempf, Christoph and Koldewey, Christian and Dumitrescu, Roman and Albers, Albert}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
location = {{Cavtat, Dubrovnik, Croatia}},
pages = {{745--754}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Future-robust product portfolio development: insights into the advancement of product portfolios in companies – an interview study}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2024.77}},
volume = {{4}},
year = {{2024}},
}
@inproceedings{54735,
abstract = {{AbstractShorter product lifecycles are also leading to even shorter planning times for the development of production systems. In most companies, the restructuring is carried out within a few weeks during the annual holidays. Digital tools such as simulations or the digital twin are used to avoid delaying the restructuring during this time. However, the introduction of a 3D model of the factory is often the first point of failure for many companies. This article proposes a six-step process model that enables the transition from 2D to 3D design. The process model was evaluated in a research project.}},
author = {{Disselkamp, Jan-Philipp and Grothe, Robin and Lick, Jonas and Schütte, Ben and Brüne, Sascha and Schröder, Luca and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of the Design Society}},
issn = {{2732-527X}},
location = {{Cavtat, Dubrovnik, Croatia}},
pages = {{1979--1988}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press (CUP)}},
title = {{{Towards the digital factory twin – design guide for creating a 3D factory model}}},
doi = {{10.1017/pds.2024.200}},
volume = {{4}},
year = {{2024}},
}