@article{60592, abstract = {{This study investigates the occurrence and mitigation of liquid metal embrittlement occurring during resistance spot welding in deep-drawn automotive components, specifically focusing on an S-Rail made from advanced high-strength steel. A simulation-based liquid metal embrittlement risk criterion based on local major component stresses was established and used to quantify and compare liquid metal embrittlement risks between different tests. Experimental and numerical analyses were conducted, revealing that springback significantly impacts liquid metal embrittlement formation. Adjustments in electrode geometry and hold time post-welding were found to mitigate liquid metal embrittlement risks. The effects of stack-up configuration and related parameter settings on liquid metal embrittlement occurrence were identified and liquid metal embrittlement was effectively prevented across both stack-up configurations. These findings advance the understanding of liquid metal embrittlement mechanisms and provide practical approaches to enhance the spot weld quality in AHSS-based body-in-whites.}}, author = {{Biegler, Max and Yang, Keke and Meschut, Gerson and Rethmeier, Michael}}, issn = {{1362-1718}}, journal = {{Science and Technology of Welding and Joining}}, publisher = {{SAGE Publications}}, title = {{{Occurrence and avoidance of liquid metal embrittlement in resistance spot welding of springback-afflicted deep-drawn components}}}, doi = {{10.1177/13621718251340452}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{60873, abstract = {{Abstract Variations in circadian rhythm-related genes influence the individual chronotype. Here, we hypothesize that the peak of clock gene expression at 7 a.m. differs between young adults with a late chronotype and young adults with an early chronotype. Participants of the Chronotype and Nutrition nutritional trial (ChroNu study) were selected for their chronotype assessed by the Munich Chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ) and actigraphy. Total RNA was isolated from CD14+ monocytes of participants at 7 a.m. on the run-in day. Expression levels of seven clock genes (PER1, PER2, PER3, NR1D1, NR1D2, CRY1 and CRISPLD2) of individuals with early (n = 11) or late chronotypes (n = 19) were analysed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Difference in expression levels was tested by Mann Whitney-U test. The relative expression levels of the selected genes were not significantly different between individuals with early and late chronotypes (all p > 0.07). Contrary to expectation, clock gene expression levels at 7 a.m. was similar in individuals with early and late chronotypes. Further studies on larger sample sizes with multiple sampling time points should elucidate whether gene expression is altered at other day times underscoring the biological difference between individuals with early or late chronotypes.}}, author = {{Krueger, Bettina and Rajcsanyi, Luisa Sophie and Hundertmark, Katharina and Stutz, Bianca and Hinney, Anke and Buyken, Anette E.}}, issn = {{2045-2322}}, journal = {{Scientific Reports}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Morning clock gene expression in young adults of early and late chronotypes}}}, doi = {{10.1038/s41598-025-12423-7}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2025}}, } @unpublished{60881, abstract = {{Hybrid modeling aims to combine physical and data-driven models to increase simulation accuracy without losing physical interpretability. In the context of dynamic mechanical systems, this enables the compensation of modeling inaccuracies that arise from simplifications, missing effects, or uncertain parameters. In this work, a hybrid model is used as a starting point, in which the discrepancy between simulation and measurement is learned and compensated by a data-driven correction element. To integrate such models into commercial multibody system (MBS) software like MSC Adams and Simpack, the formulation is adapted to operate directly on the force level. This allows implementation via standard co-simulation interfaces without modifying the system’s differential equations or solvers. The method is demonstrated using a single-mass oscillator with synthetic measurement data. Results show that the coupled simulation works reliably and that the hybrid model significantly improves accuracy while remaining compatible with established industrial simulation workflows.}}, author = {{Wohlleben, Meike Claudia and Linneweber, Jill Mercedes and Schütte, Jan and Sextro, Walter}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Enabling Hybrid Modeling in Commercial MBS Software: A Force-Level Approach}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{60897, abstract = {{This work examines the integration of large language models (LLMs) into multi-agent simulations by replacing the hard-coded programs of agents with LLM-driven prompts. The proposed approach is showcased in the context of two examples of complex systems from the field of swarm intelligence: ant colony foraging and bird flocking. Central to this study is a toolchain that integrates LLMs with the NetLogo simulation platform, leveraging its Python extension to enable communication with GPT-4o via the OpenAI API. This toolchain facilitates prompt-driven behavior generation, allowing agents to respond adaptively to environmental data. For both example applications mentioned above, we employ both structured, rule-based prompts and autonomous, knowledge-driven prompts. Our work demonstrates how this toolchain enables LLMs to study self-organizing processes and induce emergent behaviors within multi-agent environments, paving the way for new approaches to exploring intelligent systems and modeling swarm intelligence inspired by natural phenomena. We provide the code, including simulation files and data at https://github.com/crjimene/swarm_gpt.}}, author = {{Jimenez-Romero, Cristian and Yegenoglu, Alper and Blum, Christian}}, issn = {{2624-8212}}, journal = {{Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence}}, publisher = {{Frontiers Media SA}}, title = {{{Multi-agent systems powered by large language models: applications in swarm intelligence}}}, doi = {{10.3389/frai.2025.1593017}}, volume = {{8}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{58657, abstract = {{The rapid growth of 3D printing technology has transformed a wide range of industries, enabling the on-demand production of complex objects, from aerospace components to medical devices. However, this technology also introduces significant security challenges. Previous research highlighted the security implications of G-Codes—commands used to control the printing process. These studies assumed powerful attackers and focused on manipulations of the printed models, leaving gaps in understanding the full attack potential. In this study, we systematically analyze security threats associated with 3D printing, focusing specifically on vulnerabilities caused by G-Code commands. We introduce attacks and attacker models that assume a less powerful adversary than traditionally considered, broadening the scope of potential security threats. Our findings show that even minimal access to the 3D printer can result in significant security breaches, such as unauthorized access to subsequent print jobs or persistent misconfiguration of the printer. We identify 278 potentially malicious G-Codes across the attack categories Information Disclosure, Denial of Service, and Model Manipulation. Our evaluation demonstrates the applicability of these attacks across various 3D printers and their firmware. Our findings underscore the need for a better standardization process of G-Codes and corresponding security best practices. }}, author = {{Rossel, Jost and Mladenov, Vladislav and Wördenweber, Nico and Somorovsky, Juraj}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 34th USENIX Security Symposium}}, location = {{Seattle, WA, USA}}, pages = {{1867 -- 1885}}, title = {{{Security Implications of Malicious G-Codes in 3D Printing}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{61014, abstract = {{To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the specific properties of complex-shaped technical aerosols—such as partially sintered aggregates formed in combustion processes or structured particles resulting from complex synthesis processes—it is essential to measure more than a single equivalent size. This study examines a novel method for determining a two-dimensional distribution of two distinct particle properties within the size range from 50nm to 1000nm: the Centrifugal Differential Mobility Analyzer (CDMA). The CDMA enables the simultaneous measurement of both mobility and Stokes equivalent diameters, providing a detailed two-dimensional particle property distribution. This, in turn, allows for the extraction of shape-related information, which is essential for characterizing particles in terms of their chemical composition, reactivity, and other physicochemical properties. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of a first CDMA prototype. First, CFD simulations of the flow field within the classifier are presented in order to assess and understand non-idealities arising from the exact geometry. Subsequently, the transfer function is evaluated by particle trajectory calculations based on the simulated flow field. It can be demonstrated that the simulated transfer functions agree quite well with transfer functions derived from streamlines of an ideal flow field, indicating that the non-idealities in the classifying region are almost negligible in their effect on the classification result. An experimental determination of the transfer function shows additional effects not covered by the previous simulations, like broadening by diffusion and losses due to diffusion and precipitation within the in- and outlet of the classifier. Finally, the determined transfer functions are used to determine the full two-dimensional distribution with regard to the mobility and Stokes equivalent diameter of real aerosols, like spherical particles and aggregates at different sintering stages, respectively.}}, author = {{Rüther, Torben Norbert and Gröne, Sebastian and Dechert, Christopher and Schmid, Hans-Joachim}}, issn = {{2674-0516}}, journal = {{Powders}}, keywords = {{centrifugal differential mobility analysis, 2D-measurement, particle characterization, moving reference frame CFD-simulation, transfer function}}, number = {{2}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Centrifugal Differential Mobility Analysis—Validation and First Two-Dimensional Measurements}}}, doi = {{10.3390/powders4020011}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{61060, abstract = {{In early operational phases of severe weather events, a lack of information challenges emergency management teams to gain an overview of the situation and make informed decisions. To support situational exploration, unmanned aerial and ground vehicles attract increasing attention, primarily used to document operational sites. However, they offer further potential in early operational phases. To ensure their reliable use for exploration, decision-makers must be aware of opportunities and limitations under prevailing conditions. For this, use cases for robotic simulation in emergency response are presented, considering technical restrictions and dynamic influences from weather impacts. The approach of integrating rescue robot simulation into the response phase is developed following a five-step research design. Existing use cases of rescue robot simulation are identified in a systematic literature analysis. The results are extended with use cases developed for urban flooding scenarios. Subsequently, use cases are assessed and selected for implementation in the simulation environment Gazebo. Finally, the results are validated with end users in the EU research project CREXDATA, which focuses on decision support based on processing extreme data. The implemented use cases demonstrate the potential of robotic simulation in emergency response to accelerate action planning in decisionmaking and provide a more detailed picture, enabling betterinformed decisions. }}, author = {{Gräßler, Iris and Döhner, Niklas and Ebel, Marcel and Pottebaum, Jens}}, booktitle = {{Mensch und Computer 2025 - Workshopband}}, keywords = {{robotic simulation, rescue robots, emergency response, extreme weather}}, location = {{Chemnitz}}, title = {{{Shifting boundaries from preparedness to response: Using simulation of rescue robots in weather-induced emergencies}}}, doi = {{10.18420/muc2025-mci-ws01-187}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{61122, author = {{Peckhaus, Volker}}, booktitle = {{zbMATH Open, Zbl. 07963874}}, title = {{{Bolzano, Bernard, Miscellanea mathematica 22, hg. v. Jan Berg, besorgt von Edgar Morscher und Otto Neumaier, Frommann-Holzboog: Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 2024 (Bernard Bolzano-Gesamtausgabe; II.B.12.2)}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{61174, abstract = {{Abstract. Mechanical joining methods, such as clinching, are characterised by locally large plastic deformations of the sheet metal to be joined. The majority of the thereby inserted work is transformed into heat. The heat generation and temperature evolution are systematically studied herein by means of thermomechanical process simulations for joining the dual-phase steel HCT590X and the aluminium alloy EN-AW 6014. The thermal-induced softening of the material is incorporated by a suitable coupled thermoplastic constitutive model. It is observed how the tools significantly and importantly contribute to the heat exchange. They reduce peak temperature increases of 225 K (without heat transfer to tools) to less than 90 K for realistic behaviour of contact heat transfer. Overall, increases in temperature during clinch joining can be expected to remain below 90 K for steel-steel joints and around 50 K for aluminium-aluminium joints.}}, author = {{Friedlein, J. and Steinmann, P. and Mergheim, J.}}, booktitle = {{Materials Research Proceedings}}, issn = {{2474-395X}}, publisher = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}}, title = {{{Influence of thermal effects on clinch joining of sheet metal}}}, doi = {{10.21741/9781644903551-22}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{65011, abstract = {{Abstract Design of single screw machines for polymer processing often focuses on the melt dominated areas of the screw. However, solids conveying is a key aspect for processes with high screw speeds, grooved feed sections, small screw diameters and material with low bulk density. In injection moulding, throughput limitations are highly relevant in packaging applications as due to low cooling times, plasticizing affects the cycle time. In addition, insufficient solids conveying is a primary cause for air residues in the melt and final product. Therefore, well-designed feed sections are required, especially as direct processing of regrind in recycling applications becomes more relevant due to governmental restrictions. Existing models for injection moulding are based on analytical equations and do not allow to assess new feed sections and feed opening designs, adapted to high screw speeds or regrind. In this paper, numerical simulations based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM), previously used in the field of extrusion, are carried out. In order to replicate the cyclic, superimposed rotation and translation of the screw, a coupled approach of DEM and Multibody Systems Simulation (MBS) is pursued. To verify the accuracy of such coupled simulations, a special test setup is added to a conventional injection moulding machine. Pure solids conveying is investigated, as DEM does not accommodate for large plastic deformations or melting. Different screw and intake designs as well as smooth and grooved barrels are investigated. Selected resins, pellet shapes and regrind are processed, varying the processing parameters and comparing the results to the simulation. The coupled approach replicates reality well in terms of throughput, confirming that DEM can be utilised to further investigate process phenomena and develop calculation models for solids conveying in injection moulding.}}, author = {{Landgräber, Jan and Schöppner, Volker and Brüning, Florian}}, issn = {{0930-777X}}, journal = {{International Polymer Processing}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{1--14}}, publisher = {{Walter de Gruyter GmbH}}, title = {{{Assessing solids conveying in injection moulding machines using coupled numerical simulations based on the discrete element method (DEM) and multibody systems (MBS)}}}, doi = {{10.1515/ipp-2025-0065}}, volume = {{41}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{65007, author = {{Knaup, Felix and Schöppner, Volker}}, journal = {{International Polymer Processing}}, keywords = {{CFD simulation, melting modeling, melting process, polymer extrusion, single-screw extruder}}, title = {{{Improvement of a numerical two-phase simulation model for single-screw plasticizing extruders based on experimental investigations}}}, doi = {{10.1515/ipp-2025-0072}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{65009, author = {{Schmidt, Leon and Schöppner, Volker and Brüning, Florian}}, booktitle = {{RubberCon 2025}}, editor = {{Gummitekniska Förening, Sveriges and Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish rubber associations}}, keywords = {{extrusion, Kautschuk, Simulation}}, title = {{{Findings on pinless screw design for rubber extrusion}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{65000, author = {{Hanselle, Felix Paul and Schöppner, Volker and Brüning, Florian}}, journal = {{International Polymer Processing}}, keywords = {{Druckabhängigkeit, Rheologie, Simulation, Spritzgießen, Viskosität}}, title = {{{Consideration of modeled pressure dependent viscosity data in injection molding simulation}}}, doi = {{10.1515/ipp-2025-0074}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inbook{65238, author = {{Damanik, Hogenrich and Fatima, Arooj and Turek, Stefan and Petzke, Jonas Dirk Rudolf Helmut and Kleinschmidt, Dennis and Brüning, Florian}}, booktitle = {{International Rubber Conference (IRC) 2025, Bangkok, BITEC; e-abstract book}}, keywords = {{CFD simulation, Materialmodellierung, Phan-Thien-Tanner, PTT, Simulation}}, pages = {{266–268}}, title = {{{Numerical modeling of the non-isothermal viscoelastic flow behavior of rubber compounds based on the PHAN-THİEN-TANNER (PTT) model}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{56482, abstract = {{Dieser Beitrag untersucht Liquiditätseffekte einer Vermögensteuer bei Mietwohnimmobilien. Mithilfe von Daten einer Immobilien-Kapitalgesellschaft werden die Wirkungen einer Vermögensteuer auf die Cashflows aus der Vermietung von Wohnimmobilien simuliert. Der Detailgrad der Daten ermöglicht dabei Analysen auf Jahres-, Regional- und Baujahresebene. Ein Abgleich mit weiteren Immobiliendaten untermauert die Vergleichbarkeit und Aussagekraft der Analysen. Die Ergebnisse der Simulation zeigen, dass die Einführung einer Vermögensteuer den Cashflow aus dem Mietgeschäft erheblich reduzieren und zu Liquiditätsproblemen führen kann. Im Durchschnitt über alle Beobachtungen ergibt sich bei einem Vermögensteuersatz i.H.v. 2 % ein negativer Cashflow nach Berücksichtigung aller Kosten. Generell bedeutet dies, dass wachstumsorientierte Immobilien durch eine Vermögensteuer liquiditätsmäßig stärker belastet werden als mietrenditeorientierte Immobilien. Insbesondere in Großstädten mit hohen Immobilienwerten, aber verhältnismäßig geringen Mieten, können die Liquiditätseffekte mehr als dreimal so hoch ausfallen wie in ländlichen bzw. industriell-geprägten Regionen, was zu einem relativen Attraktivitätsverlust führen kann. Durch die Entkopplung der Vermögensteuer von den Mieterträgen zeichnet sich eine starke Abhängigkeit der Steuerlast von aktuellen Marktentwicklungen und dem Zinsumfeld ab, was eine zusätzliche Unsicherheit für Investoren darstellt. Diese steuerliche Unsicherheit könnte sich potentiell auf die Investitionsbereitschaft auswirken und sollte daher in politischen Diskussionen über die Wiedereinführung einer Vermögensteuer berücksichtigt werden.}}, author = {{Maiterth, Ralf and Piper, Yuri and Sureth-Sloane, Caren}}, journal = {{Steuer und Wirtschaft}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{67 -- 81}}, title = {{{Liquiditätseffekte einer Vermögensteuer bei Mietwohnimmobilien}}}, volume = {{102}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{64902, abstract = {{Diese Dissertation behandelt die Entwicklung, Erprobung und Evaluation einer mobilen Augmented Reality Anwendung (mAR-App) namens PEARL (Paderborner Elektrotechnik AR Laborpraktikum), die als Vorbereitungsmaßnahme für elektrotechnische Laborpraktika konzipiert wird. Ziel ist es, Studierenden eine zeitlich und örtlich flexible Möglichkeit zu bieten, den realitätsnahen Umgang mit Laborgeräten - primär dem Oszilloskop - zu erlernen. Die methodische Grundlage bilden der Makrozyklus von Design-Based Research (DBR) als strukturierender Rahmen und das heuristische Modell des Research Pentagons, das die Durchführung auf Mikroebene bestimmt. In insgesamt vier Research Pentagons werden didaktische, technologische, motivationale und evaluative Komponenten systematisch untersucht und weiterentwickelt. Das erste Pentagon fokussiert die Entwicklung eines didaktisch fundierten Konzepts nach dem Prinzip des Constructive Alignment, das Lernziele, Lernaktivitäten und Prüfungsformen in fünf abgestufte Lernlevel überführt. Diese reichen von der initialen Orientierung bis zur eigenständigen Problemlösung in einem freien Experimentiermodus. Im zweiten Research Pentagon wird die technische Machbarkeit von Augmented - und Virtual Reality (VR) im Laborumfeld anhand mehrerer funktionaler Prototypen evaluiert. Während sich VR aufgrund technischer Einschränkungen als ungeeignet erweist, zeigt AR - insbesondere in der markerlosen Ausführung mittels der Software Development Kits (SDKs) ARCore und ARKit - ein hohes Potenzial für den praktischen Einsatz. Im dritten Pentagon entsteht ein Onboarding-Modul, das auf die erste Version der mobilen App (V0.17.01) aufsetzt und grundlegende Funktionen eines realen Oszilloskops digital abbildet. Dabei werden Nutzer:innen schrittweise an das virtuelle Oszilloskop herangeführt und lernen zugleich die zentralen Funktionen der mAR-App kennen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine insgesamt neutrale bis leicht positive Nutzungserfahrung, wobei technische Schwächen (z.B. Reaktionszeit oder Objektverankerung) die Effizienz und Steuerbarkeit beeinträchtigen. Im Exkurs-Kapitel erfolgt eine Eye-Tracking-Studie zur Untersuchung visueller Aufmerksamkeit und individueller Lösungsstrategien von Expert:innen und Noviz:innen bei der Arbeit am realen Oszilloskop. Heatmaps und Zeitverläufe in definierten Areas of Interest (AOI) liefern erste Hinweise auf Unterschiede im Blickverhalten zwischen den Gruppen. Die algorithmischen Scanpfadanalysen der Blickverläufe hingegen zeigen eine geringe Trennschärfe. Das Potenzial von Eye-Tracking als Evaluationsmethode wird daher kritisch reflektiert, aber angesichts technologischer Entwicklungen und verfügbarer Eye-Tracker in Mixed Reality (MR) Brillen weiterhin als zukunftsrelevant eingeordnet. Die abschließende summative Evaluation nutzt ein Prä‑Post-Test-Design mit Kontrollgruppenvergleich mit 70 Teilnehmenden, um die Lernwirksamkeit der überarbeiteten mAR-App mit klassischen Materialien wie Videos und Handbüchern zu vergleichen. In der Interventionsgruppe (IG) zeigen sich auf kognitiver und affektiver Ebene signifikant positive Veränderungen: Die Leistungen steigen deutlich, insbesondere in den Taxonomiestufen Anwendung, Verständnis und Analyse; zugleich nehmen experimentelles Selbstkonzept und experimentelles Sachinteresse zu, während Überforderung und Ängstlichkeit im Hinblick auf die Laborpraktika abnehmen. Als Einschränkung zeigt sich, dass die mAR-App keinen klaren Vorsprung gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe (KG) erreicht, was sowohl auf die sehr gut ausgearbeiteten Materialien und Videos der KG als auch auf technische Begrenzungen der mobilen Umsetzung zurückzuführen ist: Kleine Displays, 2D-Oberflächen für 3D-Geräte und unpräzise Touch-Interaktionen erschweren komplexe, feinmotorische Aufgaben. In den begleitenden User Interface (UI) und User Experience (UX) Fragebögen spiegeln sich diese Limitationen in gemischten Bewertungen der App wider. Die Arbeit verdeutlicht, dass die mobile AR-Anwendung trotz technischer Einschränkungen wertvolle Möglichkeiten für die Vorbereitung auf Laborpraktika und das Kennenlernen von Laborgeräten bieten kann. Der Fokus bei der Entwicklung liegt von Beginn an auf einer modularen und flexiblen App-Architektur, um sie mit neuen Geräten und Aufgaben zu erweitern. Der Hauptnutzen liegt perspektivisch nicht in der mobilen Anwendung selbst, sondern in der strategischen Ausrichtung auf zukunftsfähige, skalierbare Lösungen für MR-Brillen. Diese erlauben eine authentische Gestensteuerung und realitätsnahe Interaktionen.}}, author = {{Alptekin, Mesut}}, publisher = {{LibreCat University}}, title = {{{Entwicklung einer Augmented Reality basierten Anwendung als Vorbereitungsmaßnahme zum Laborpraktikum in der Elektrotechnik}}}, doi = {{10.17619/UNIPB/1-2483}}, year = {{2025}}, } @misc{63855, abstract = {{Elektronenenergieverlustspektroskopie (engl. EELS) ist eine fortgeschrittene Analysemethode der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie, die auf atomarer Ebene Einblicke in Materialcharakteristika wie bspw. Eigenschaften des Elektronensystems oder der Materialzusammensetzung erlaubt. Die Genauigkeit jeder EELS-Analyse ist jedoch fundamental durch Rauschen und Unschärfe begrenzt. Diese Thesis beschreibt solche Rauschphänomene im Detail. Vor allem bei strahlempfindlichen Materialien, die kurze Bestrahlzeiten erfordern, aber auch bei Elektron-Materie-Wechselwirkungen mit geringer Auftrittshäufigkeit, ist eine solche Beschreibung notwendig, da das Rauschen solche Messungen dominiert. Zusätzlich spielen Korrelationen des Rauschens eine Rolle, die durch Faltung des verrauschten Signals mit der Punktspreizfunktion des Detektors entstehen und die sowohl theoretisch als auch experimentell beschrieben werden. Methoden zur Messung der wichtigsten Rauschparameter bei typischen Detektorsystemen werden vorgestellt und erlauben es, das Rauschmodel auf jeden beliebigen EELS-Detektor anzupassen. Eine neue Entfaltungsmethode wird vorgeschlagen, die EELS-Messungen schärft und entrauscht. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Methode wird an Simulations- und Experimentaldaten dargelegt. Hierbei wird gezeigt, dass die neue Methode signifikant bessere Ergebnisse liefert, als bisherige und somit eine Analyse von Messdaten auf einem Level ermöglicht, das die Möglichkeiten der Elektronenmikroskopie deutlich erweitert.}}, author = {{Zietlow, Christian}}, publisher = {{Universitätsbibliothek Paderborn}}, title = {{{A novel Lagrangian-based method for the deconvolution of electron energy-loss spectra}}}, doi = {{10.17619/UNIPB/1-2438}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{59088, abstract = {{This paper deals with the implementation and results of the application of a multi-stage traffic light control system which includes a simulation-based traffic estimation and model predictive control. The traffic light control system incorporates a fuzzy system for traffic light phase preselection, followed by a model predictive control to optimise phase combinations and switching times. Predefined phases are selected without restrictions in the order according to a multi-objective optimisation to adapt to the traffic as freely as possible. Initially, the system is tested in simulations and compared with existing methods and analysed afterwards for its effectiveness in a prototype commissioning in field tests. Results indicate high potentials for reducing emissions and waiting times, highlighting the system's value. However, further refinement is necessary for standard implementation. This comprehensive approach demonstrates advancements in traffic management technology, showcasing the potential for enhancing urban mobility and reducing environmental impact.}}, author = {{Malena, Kevin and Link, Christopher and Gausemeier, Sandra and Trächtler, Ansgar}}, booktitle = {{2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}}, issn = {{2153-0017}}, keywords = {{MPC}}, location = {{Edmonton (Canada)}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Implementation and Results of a Multi-Stage Model Predictive Traffic Light Control System}}}, doi = {{10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919569}}, volume = {{27}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{63662, abstract = {{The accurate prediction of crack initiation and propagation is essential for assessing the structural integrity of mechanically joined components and other complex assemblies. To overcome the limitations of existing finite element tools, a modular Python framework has been developed to automate three-dimensional crack growth simulations. The program combines geometric reconstruction, adaptive remeshing, and the numerical evaluation of fracture mechanics parameters within a single, fully automated workflow. The framework builds on open-source components and remains solver-independent, enabling straightforward integration with commercial or research finite element codes. A dedicated sequence of modules performs all required steps, from mesh separation and crack insertion to local submodeling, stress and displacement mapping, and iterative crack-front update, without manual interaction. The methodology was verified using a mini-compact tension (Mini-CT) specimen as a benchmark case. The numerical results demonstrate the accurate reproduction of stress intensity factors and energy release rates while achieving high computational efficiency through localized refinement. The developed approach provides a robust basis for crack growth simulations of geometrically complex or residual stress-affected structures. Its high degree of automation and flexibility makes it particularly suited for analyzing cracks in clinched and riveted joints, supporting the predictive design and durability assessment of joined lightweight structures.}}, author = {{Krome, Sven and Duffe, Tobias and Kullmer, Gunter and Schramm, Britta and Ostwald, Richard}}, issn = {{2076-3417}}, journal = {{Applied Sciences}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Validation and Verification of Novel Three-Dimensional Crack Growth Simulation Software GmshCrack3D}}}, doi = {{10.3390/app16010384}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{50272, abstract = {{Despite the fundamental role the Quantum Satisfiability (QSAT) problem has played in quantum complexity theory, a central question remains open: At which local dimension does the complexity of QSAT transition from "easy" to "hard"? Here, we study QSAT with each constraint acting on a $k$-dimensional and $l$-dimensional qudit pair, denoted $(k,l)$-QSAT. Our first main result shows that, surprisingly, QSAT on qubits can remain $\mathsf{QMA}_1$-hard, in that $(2,5)$-QSAT is $\mathsf{QMA}_1$-complete. In contrast, $2$-SAT on qubits is well-known to be poly-time solvable [Bravyi, 2006]. Our second main result proves that $(3,d)$-QSAT on the 1D line with $d\in O(1)$ is also $\mathsf{QMA}_1$-hard. Finally, we initiate the study of 1D $(2,d)$-QSAT by giving a frustration-free 1D Hamiltonian with a unique, entangled ground state. Our first result uses a direct embedding, combining a novel clock construction with the 2D circuit-to-Hamiltonian construction of [Gosset, Nagaj, 2013]. Of note is a new simplified and analytic proof for the latter (as opposed to a partially numeric proof in [GN13]). This exploits Unitary Labelled Graphs [Bausch, Cubitt, Ozols, 2017] together with a new "Nullspace Connection Lemma", allowing us to break low energy analyses into small patches of projectors, and to improve the soundness analysis of [GN13] from $\Omega(1/T^6)$ to $\Omega(1/T^2)$, for $T$ the number of gates. Our second result goes via black-box reduction: Given an arbitrary 1D Hamiltonian $H$ on $d'$-dimensional qudits, we show how to embed it into an effective null-space of a 1D $(3,d)$-QSAT instance, for $d\in O(1)$. Our approach may be viewed as a weaker notion of "simulation" (\`a la [Bravyi, Hastings 2017], [Cubitt, Montanaro, Piddock 2018]). As far as we are aware, this gives the first "black-box simulation"-based $\mathsf{QMA}_1$-hardness result, i.e. for frustration-free Hamiltonians.}}, author = {{Rudolph, Dorian and Gharibian, Sevag and Nagaj, Daniel}}, booktitle = {{16th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science (ITCS)}}, number = {{85}}, pages = {{1--24}}, title = {{{Quantum 2-SAT on low dimensional systems is $\mathsf{QMA}_1$-complete: Direct embeddings and black-box simulation}}}, doi = {{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2025.85}}, volume = {{325}}, year = {{2025}}, }