@inproceedings{9763, abstract = {{Recent advances in information processing enable new kinds of technical systems, called self-optimizing systems. These systems are able to adapt their objectives and their behavior according to the current situation and influences autonomously. This behavior adaptation is non-deterministic and hence self-optimization is a risk to the system, e.g. if the result of the self-optimization process does not match the suddenly changed situation. In contrary, self-optimization could be used to increase the dependability by pursuing objectives like reliability and availability. In our preceding publications we introduced the so called multi-level dependability concept to cope with this new kind of systems (cf. [6]). This concept comprises the monitoring of the system behavior, the classification of the current situation, and the selection of the appropriate measure, if reliability limits are exceeded. In this paper we present for the first time experimental results. The dependability concept is implemented in the self-optimizing active guidance system of a railway vehicle. The test drives illustrate clearly that the proposed concept is able to cope with, e.g., sensor failures, and is able to increase the reliability and availability of the active guidance module.}}, author = {{Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph and Geisler, Jens and Sextro, Walter}}, booktitle = {{Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS), 2010 Proceedings - Annual}}, issn = {{0149-144X}}, keywords = {{availability, dependability concept, multilevel dependability concept, railway vehicle, reliability, self optimizing active guidance system, self optimizing railway guidance system, situation classification, system behavior monitoring, optimal control, railways, reliability theory, self-adjusting systems}}, pages = {{1 --6}}, title = {{{Increasing the reliability of a self-optimizing railway guidance system}}}, doi = {{10.1109/RAMS.2010.5448080}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{4202, abstract = {{Unintentional doping in nonpolar a-plane 112¯0 gallium nitride GaN grown on r-plane 11¯02 sapphire using a three-dimensional 3D–two-dimensional 2D growth method has been characterized. For both 2D only and 3D–2D growth, the presence of an unintentionally doped region adjacent to the GaN/sapphire interface is observed by scanning capacitance microscopy SCM. The average width of this unintentionally doped layer is found to increase with increasing 3D growth time. By using an intentionally doped GaN:Si staircase structure for calibration, it is shown that the unintentionally doped region has an average carrier concentration of 2.50.31018 cm−3. SCM also reveals the presence of unintentionally doped features extending at 60° from the GaN/sapphire interface. The observation of decreasing carrier concentration with distance from the GaN/sapphire interface along these features may suggest that the unintentional doping arises from oxygen diffusion from the sapphire substrate. Low temperature cathodoluminescence spectra reveal emission peaks at 3.41 and 3.30 eV, which are believed to originate from basal plane stacking faults BSFs and prismatic stacking faults PSFs, respectively. It is shown that the inclined features extending from the GaN/sapphire interface exhibit both enhanced BSF and PSF emission. We suggest that enhanced unintentional doping occurs in regions around PSFs. Where BSFs intersect this doped material their emission is also enhanced due to reduced nonradiative recombination. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the presence of PSFs extending through the film at 60° from the GaN/sapphire interface.}}, author = {{Zhu, Tongtong and Johnston, Carol F. and Häberlen, Maik and Kappers, Menno J. and Oliver, Rachel A.}}, issn = {{0021-8979}}, journal = {{Journal of Applied Physics}}, number = {{2}}, publisher = {{AIP Publishing}}, title = {{{Characterization of unintentional doping in nonpolar GaN}}}, doi = {{10.1063/1.3284944}}, volume = {{107}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{4210, abstract = {{In this paper we demonstrate a strain-driven GaN interlayer method to reduce dislocation densities in GaN grown on (111) oriented silicon by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). In order to achieve crack-free GaN layers of reasonable thicknesses and dislocation densities it is crucial to integrate both dislocation reduction and strain management layers. In contrast to techniques like FACELO or nanoELO we show the in situ formation of GaN islands directly on the AlN nucleation layer without the need to deposit a SiO2 or SiNx mask. A graded AlGaN layer for strain management can be grown on top of this dislocation reducing 3D GaN inter-layer in order to achieve crack-free GaN layers grown on top of the AlGaN strain management layer. Furthermore, an additional SiNx layer for subsequent dislocation reduction can also be incorporated into the structure and is shown to efficiently reduce the dislocation density down to the low 10^9 cm^2. The structural properties of the 3D GaN island buffer layer and overgrown samples are studied by means of SEM, cross-sectional, and plan view TEM. Cathodoluminiscence in an SEM is employed to correlate the dislocation microstructure as observed by plan view TEM with luminescent properties.}}, author = {{Häberlen, Maik and Zhu, Dandan and McAleese, Clifford and Zhu, Tongtong and Kappers, Menno J. and Humphreys, Colin J.}}, issn = {{0370-1972}}, journal = {{physica status solidi (b)}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{1753--1756}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Dislocation reduction in GaN grown on Si(111) using a strain-driven 3D GaN interlayer}}}, doi = {{10.1002/pssb.200983537}}, volume = {{247}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{5642, abstract = {{This paper presents a fuzzy set based decision support model for taking uncertainty into account when making security investment decisions for distributed systems. The proposed model is complementary to robabilistic approaches and useful in situations where probabilistic information is either unavailable or not appropriate to reliably predict future conditions. We ?rst present the speci?cation of a formal security language that allows to specify under which conditions a distributed system is protected against security violations. We show that each term of the security language can be transformed into an equivalent propositional logic term. Then we use propositional logic terms to de?ne a fuzzy set based decision model. This optimization model incorporates uncertainty with regard to the impact of investments on the achieved security levels of components of the distributed system. The model also accounts for budget and security constraints, in order to be applicable in practice.}}, author = {{Schryen, Guido}}, booktitle = {{Sicherheit 2010 : Sicherheit, Schutz und Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit ; Konferenzband der 5. Jahrestagung des Fachbereichs Sicherheit der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V. (GI), 5. - 7. Oktober 2010 in Berlin}}, editor = {{C. Freiling, Felix}}, pages = {{289--304}}, publisher = {{Gesellschaft für Informatik}}, title = {{{A Fuzzy Model for IT Security Investments}}}, volume = {{170}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{5644, abstract = {{The economic relevance of information systems has been studied for many years and has attracted an abundance of research papers. However, the ?productivity paradoxon? of the 90s, Carr?s widely recognized paper ?IT doesn?t matter?, and several studies that do not find a positive correlation between IS investments and economic performance reveal long-lasting difficulties for IS researchers to explain ?IS business value?. Business executives and researchers also continue to question the value of IS investments. This raises the question of whether literature reviews have tapped their potential to address the concerns by covering key research areas of IS business value and preserving their key findings. In order to address this question, this paper identifies and describes 12 key research areas, and synthesizes what literature reviews published in pertinent academic outlets have done to preserve knowledge. The analysis of 22 literature reviews shows that some crucial areas have not been (sufficiently) covered. They provide fertile areas for future literature reviews. As this work is based on the results of more than 200 research papers, it is capable of drawing a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art in IS business value research.}}, author = {{Schryen, Guido}}, journal = {{Business \& Information Systems Engineering (BISE)}}, keywords = {{Business value, Information systems, Literature review, Meta review}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{225--237}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{Preserving knowledge on IS business value: what literature reviews have done}}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{5645, abstract = {{The economic relevance of information systems has been studied for many years and has attracted an abundance of research papers. However, the ?productivity paradoxon? of the 1990s, Carr?s widely recognized paper ?IT doesn?t matter?, and several studies that do not find a positive correlation between IS investments and economic performance reveal long-lasting difficulties for IS researchers to explain ?IS business value?. Business executives and researchers also continue to question the value of IS investments. This raises the question of whether literature reviews have tapped their potential to address the concerns by covering key research areas of IS business value and preserving their key findings. In order to address this question, this paper identifies and describes 12 key research areas, and synthesizes what literature reviews published in pertinent academic outlets have done to preserve knowledge. The analysis of 22 literature reviews shows that some crucial areas have not been (sufficiently) covered. They provide fertile areas for future literature reviews. As this work is based on the results of more than 200 research papers, it is capable of drawing a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art in IS business value research.}}, author = {{Schryen, Guido}}, journal = {{Wirtschaftsinformatik}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{225--237}}, publisher = {{Gabler; Springer}}, title = {{{Ökonomischer Wert von Informationssystemen - Beitrag von Literatur-Reviews zum Wissenserhalt ( = Preserving Knowledge on IS Business Value. What Literature Reviews Have Done)}}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{6820, author = {{Bendfeld, Jörg and Tigges, Martin and Splett, Michael and Wollenberg, J. and Krieger, Jens}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the ICCI2010, 16. International Energy & Environment Fair & Conference}}, title = {{{Optimization of the energy feed-in for renewable energies}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inbook{16505, abstract = {{We present an approach for real-time rendering of complex 3D scenes consisting of millions of polygons on limited graphics hardware. In a preprocessing step, powerful hardware is used to gain fine granular global visibility information of a scene using an adaptive sampling algorithm. Additively the visual influence of each object on the eventual rendered image is estimated. This influence is used to select the most important objects to display in our approximative culling algorithm. After the visibility data is compressed to meet the storage capabilities of small devices, we achieve an interactive walkthrough of the Power Plant scene on a standard netbook with an integrated graphics chipset.}}, author = {{Eikel, Benjamin and Jähn, Claudius and Fischer, Matthias}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Visual Computing}}, isbn = {{9783642172885}}, issn = {{0302-9743}}, title = {{{Preprocessed Global Visibility for Real-Time Rendering on Low-End Hardware}}}, doi = {{10.1007/978-3-642-17289-2_60}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{13887, author = {{Schröder, Andreas and Rautenberg, Jens and Henning, Bernd}}, issn = {{1875-3892}}, journal = {{Physics Procedia}}, pages = {{1003--1009}}, title = {{{Evaluation of cost functions for FEA based transducer optimization}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.phpro.2010.01.129}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{22050, abstract = {{Generative production techniques have the advantage of manufacturing parts via an additive process without needing a forming tool. One of these additive manufacturing technologies is “Fused Deposition Modeling” (FDM). From a 3D-CAD data set, components and assemblies are manufactured out of thermoplastic material in only a few working steps. Native software automatically slices the data, calculates the support structures, and creates toolpaths. The parts then are built up layer by layer by means of an additive process. An extrusion head deposits the molten thermoplastic filament to create each layer. This technology began as a process for creating prototype parts; recently it has found new utility in the production of manufacturing tools and as a manufacturing process for end-use parts. In order to be used as a part for serial production, the components must possess the required mechanical properties. To this end, not only is the chosen material relevant, but a correct process control is also necessary. An interesting material for the aircraft and automotive industry is the material PEI with the trade name Ultem*9085. This material should typically be used on FDM-machines for the manufacturing of end products. The aim of the research is to determine the present mechanical data based on the process control, as well as reproducibility from job to job. In this work the influence of the orientation and the structure of the manufactured parts based on the mechanical data are analyzed. Sample parts are generated with the given parameters of the native software based upon the CAD data. First, specimens were analyzed concerning their geometry and configuration. The dimensions and weight were measured. The mechanical tests conducted were the tensile and compression tests.}}, author = {{Bagsik, A. and Schöppner, Volker and Klemp, E.}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of International Conference Polymeric Materials}}, isbn = {{978-3-868-29282-4}}, title = {{{FDM Part Quality Manufactured with ULTEM 9085}}}, doi = {{https://docplayer.net/255735-Fdm-part-quality-manufactured-with-ultem-9085.html}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inbook{36036, author = {{Schlegel-Matthies, Kirsten}}, booktitle = {{Auf dem Weg zum Jugendintegrationskonzept. Grundlagen und Herausforderungen angesichts veränderter Lebenslagen junger Menschen}}, editor = {{Müller, Christine and Schulz, Franziska and Thien, Ulrich}}, isbn = {{9783643105103}}, pages = {{247 -- 250}}, publisher = {{Lit-Verlag}}, title = {{{Überschuldung - Bildungsbezogene Perspektive}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{46408, abstract = {{The integration of experts’ preferences is an important aspect in multi-objective optimization. Usually, one out of a set of Pareto optimal solutions has to be chosen based on expert knowledge. A combination of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) with the desirability concept is introduced to efficiently focus on desired and relevant regions of the true Pareto front of the optimization problem which facilitates the solution selection process. Desirability functions of the objectives are optimized, and the desirability index is used for selecting the global best particle in each iteration. The resulting MOPSO variant DF-MOPSO in most cases exclusively generates solutions in the desired area of the Pareto front. Approximations of the whole Pareto front result in cases of misspecified desired regions.}}, author = {{Mostaghim, Sanaz and Trautmann, Heike and Mersmann, Olaf}}, booktitle = {{Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN XI}}, editor = {{Schaefer, Robert and Cotta, Carlos and Kołodziej, Joanna and Rudolph, Günter}}, isbn = {{978-3-642-15871-1}}, pages = {{101–110}}, publisher = {{Springer Berlin Heidelberg}}, title = {{{Preference-Based Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Using Desirabilities}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15871-1_11}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{46405, abstract = {{We present methods to answer two basic questions that arise when benchmarking optimization algorithms. The first one is: which algorithm is the ’best’ one? and the second one: which algorithm should I use for my real world problem? Both are connected and neither is easy to answer. We present methods which can be used to analyse the raw data of a benchmark experiment and derive some insight regarding the answers to these questions. We employ the presented methods to analyse the BBOB’09 benchmark results and present some initial findings.}}, author = {{Mersmann, Olaf and Preuss, Mike and Trautmann, Heike}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: Part I}}, isbn = {{3642158439}}, keywords = {{benchmarking, multidimensional scaling, consensus ranking, evolutionary optimization, BBOB test set}}, pages = {{73–82}}, publisher = {{Springer-Verlag}}, title = {{{Benchmarking Evolutionary Algorithms: Towards Exploratory Landscape Analysis}}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{46406, abstract = {{We present methods to answer two basic questions that arise when benchmarking optimization algorithms. The first one is: which algorithm is the 'best' one? and the second one: which algorithm should I use for my real world problem? Both are connected and neither is easy to answer. We present methods which can be used to analyse the raw data of a benchmark experiment and derive some insight regarding the answers to these questions. We employ the presented methods to analyse the BBOB'09 benchmark results and present some initial findings.}}, author = {{Mersmann, O and Trautmann, Heike and Naujoks, B and Weihs, C}}, booktitle = {{Learning and Intelligent Optimization, 4$^th$ International Conference, LION 4, Venice, Italy}}, editor = {{Blum, C and Battiti, R}}, pages = {{333–337}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{{On the Distribution of EMOA Hypervolumes}}}, volume = {{6073}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{46407, abstract = {{Choosing and tuning an optimization procedure for a given class of nonlinear optimization problems is not an easy task. One way to proceed is to consider this as a tournament, where each procedure will compete in different ‘disciplines’. Here, disciplines could either be different functions, which we want to optimize, or specific performance measures of the optimization procedure. We would then be interested in the algorithm that performs best in a majority of cases or whose average performance is maximal. We will focus on evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms (EMOA), and will present a novel approach to the design and analysis of evolutionary multiobjective benchmark experiments based on similar work from the context of machine learning. We focus on deriving a consensus among several benchmarks over different test problems and illustrate the methodology by reanalyzing the results of the CEC 2007 EMOA competition.}}, author = {{Mersmann, Olaf and Trautmann, Heike and Naujoks, Boris and Weihs, Claus}}, booktitle = {{IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation}}, issn = {{1941-0026}}, pages = {{1--8}}, title = {{{Benchmarking evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms}}}, doi = {{10.1109/CEC.2010.5586241}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{46409, abstract = {{Since many real-world optimization problems are noisy, vector optimization algorithms that can cope with noise and uncertainty are required. We propose new, robust selection strategies for evolutionary multi-objective optimization in the presence of noise. We apply new measures of uncertainty for estimating the recently introduced Pareto-dominance for uncertain and noisy environments (PDU). The first measure is the inter-quartile range of the outcomes of repeated function evaluations. The second is based on axis-aligned bounding boxes around the upper and lower quantiles of the sampled fitness values in objective space. Experiments on real and artificial problems show promising results.}}, author = {{Voß, Thomas and Trautmann, Heike and Igel, Christian}}, booktitle = {{Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, PPSN XI}}, editor = {{Schaefer, Robert and Cotta, Carlos and Kołodziej, Joanna and Rudolph, Günter}}, isbn = {{978-3-642-15871-1}}, pages = {{260–269}}, publisher = {{Springer Berlin Heidelberg}}, title = {{{New Uncertainty Handling Strategies in Multi-objective Evolutionary Optimization}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15871-1_27}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{46412, abstract = {{In this paper, a concept for efficiently approximating the practically relevant regions of the Pareto front (PF) is introduced. Instead of the original objectives, desirability functions (DFs) of the objectives are optimized, which express the preferences of the decision maker. The original problem formulation and the optimization algorithm do not have to be modified. DFs map an objective to the domain [0, 1] and nonlinearly increase with better objective quality. By means of this mapping, values of different objectives and units become comparable. A biased distribution of the solutions in the PF approximation based on different scalings of the objectives is prevented. Thus, we propose the integration of DFs into the S-metric selection evolutionary multiobjective algorithm. The transformation ensures the meaning of the hypervolumes internally computed. Furthermore, it is shown that the reference point for the hypervolume calculation can be set intuitively. The approach is analyzed using standard test problems. Moreover, a practical validation by means of the optimization of a turning process is performed.}}, author = {{Wagner, Tobias and Trautmann, Heike}}, issn = {{1941-0026}}, journal = {{IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{688--701}}, title = {{{Integration of Preferences in Hypervolume-Based Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms by Means of Desirability Functions}}}, doi = {{10.1109/TEVC.2010.2058119}}, volume = {{14}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{46410, abstract = {{The design and application of termination criteria has become an important aspect in evolutionary multi-objective optimization. Online convergence detection (OCD) determines when further generations are no longer promising based on statistical tests on a set of performance indicators. The behavior of OCD mainly depends on two parameters, the number of preceding generations considered in the statistical tests and the desired variance limit. In this paper, guidelines for selecting appropriate combinations of these parameters are empirically derived based on design-of-experiment methods. Furthermore, a variant of OCD is introduced which directly operates on the hypervolume indicator - the internal measure of the SMS-EMOA. This allows a separated analysis of the variance criterion and reduces the complexity of OCD. Based on the experimental design, a systematic comparison with the classical OCD approach is performed and differences between the appropriate parameterizations of both variants are highlighted.}}, author = {{Wagner, Tobias and Trautmann, Heike}}, booktitle = {{IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation}}, issn = {{1941-0026}}, pages = {{1--8}}, title = {{{Online convergence detection for evolutionary multi-objective algorithms revisited}}}, doi = {{10.1109/CEC.2010.5586474}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{54942, abstract = {{Loss-of-function mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) may contribute to pulmonary symptoms resembling those of patients with atypical cystic fibrosis (CF). Recently, we identified a loss-of-function mutation in the alpha-subunit of ENaC (alphaF61L) in an atypical CF patient without mutations in CFTR. To investigate the functional effect of this mutation, we expressed human wild-type alpha beta gamma-ENaC or mutant alpha(F61L) beta gamma-ENaC in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The alphaF61L mutation reduced the ENaC mediated whole-cell currents by approximately 90%. In contrast, the mutation decreased channel surface expression only by approximately 40% and did not alter the single-channel conductance. These findings indicate that the major effect of the mutation is a reduction of the average channel open probability (P(o)). This was confirmed by experiments using the betaS520C mutant ENaC which can be converted to a channel with a P(o) of nearly one, and by experiments using chymotrypsin to proteolytically activate the channel. These experiments revealed that the mutation reduced the average P(o) of ENaC by approximately 75%. Na(+) self inhibition of the mutant channel was significantly enhanced, but the observed effect was too small to account for the large reduction in average channel P(o). The ENaC-activator S3969 partially rescued the loss-of-function phenotype of the alphaF61L mutation. We conclude that the alphaF61L mutation may contribute to respiratory symptoms in atypical CF patients.}}, author = {{Huber, Regina and Krueger, Bettina and Diakov, Alexei and Korbmacher, Judit and Haerteis, Silke and Einsiedel, Jürgen and Gmeiner, Peter and Azad, Abul and Cuppens, Harry and Cassiman, Jean-Jaques and Korbmacher, Christoph and Rauh, Robert}}, journal = {{Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry}}, number = {{001}}, pages = {{145–158}}, publisher = {{S. Karger AG}}, title = {{{Functional Characterization of a Partial Loss-of-Function Mutation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) Associated with Atypical Cystic Fibrosis}}}, doi = {{10.1159/000272059}}, volume = {{25}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{27886, author = {{Bigga, Regine and Schlegel-Matthies, Kirsten}}, journal = {{Haushalt & Bildung}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{48--57}}, title = {{{Verbraucherbildung und Konsum – Was wissen Studierende? – Überlegungen zur Hochschuldidaktik}}}, volume = {{87}}, year = {{2010}}, }