@article{60900,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Neuroscience models commonly have a high number of degrees of freedom and only specific regions within the parameter space are able to produce dynamics of interest. This makes the development of tools and strategies to efficiently find these regions of high importance to advance brain research. Exploring the high dimensional parameter space using numerical simulations has been a frequently used technique in the last years in many areas of computational neuroscience. Today, high performance computing (HPC) can provide a powerful infrastructure to speed up explorations and increase our general understanding of the behavior of the model in reasonable times. Learning to learn (L2L) is a well-known concept in machine learning (ML) and a specific method for acquiring constraints to improve learning performance. This concept can be decomposed into a two loop optimization process where the target of optimization can consist of any program such as an artificial neural network, a spiking network, a single cell model, or a whole brain simulation. In this work, we present L2L as an easy to use and flexible framework to perform parameter and hyper-parameter space exploration of neuroscience models on HPC infrastructure. Learning to learn is an implementation of the L2L concept written in Python. This open-source software allows several instances of an optimization target to be executed with different parameters in an embarrassingly parallel fashion on HPC. L2L provides a set of built-in optimizer algorithms, which make adaptive and efficient exploration of parameter spaces possible. Different from other optimization toolboxes, L2L provides maximum flexibility for the way the optimization target can be executed. In this paper, we show a variety of examples of neuroscience models being optimized within the L2L framework to execute different types of tasks. The tasks used to illustrate the concept go from reproducing empirical data to learning how to solve a problem in a dynamic environment. We particularly focus on simulations with models ranging from the single cell to the whole brain and using a variety of simulation engines like NEST, Arbor, TVB, OpenAIGym, and NetLogo.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Yegenoglu, Alper and Subramoney, Anand and Hater, Thorsten and Jimenez-Romero, Cristian and Klijn, Wouter and Pérez Martín, Aarón and van der Vlag, Michiel and Herty, Michael and Morrison, Abigail and Diaz-Pier, Sandra}},
  issn         = {{1662-5188}},
  journal      = {{Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media SA}},
  title        = {{{Exploring Parameter and Hyper-Parameter Spaces of Neuroscience Models on High Performance Computers With Learning to Learn}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fncom.2022.885207}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{35143,
  author       = {{Bonanati, Sabrina and Buhl, Heike M. and Gerhardts, Lara and Kamin, Anna-Maria and Meister, Dorothee}},
  journal      = {{Medienimpulse}},
  number       = {{4}},
  title        = {{{Digitale häusliche Lernumgebung: Prädiktoren und Effekte elterlicher Unterstützung beim Lernen mit digitalen Medien}}},
  doi          = {{10.21243/mi-04-22-17}},
  volume       = {{60}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inbook{61306,
  author       = {{Heinrichs, Ulrike and Voigt, Martina}},
  booktitle    = {{Der Wandmalereizyklus zu den Wissenschaften und Künsten in der Domklausur zu Brandenburg. Interdisziplinäre Erforschung und Visualisierung des fragmentarischen Bestandes. Begleitband zur interdisziplinären Tagung der HAWK Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen in Kooperation mit dem BLDAM Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum und dem Domstift Brandenburg, »Nicht invasiv! Neue Perspektiven in der Erforschung und Restaurierung von Wandmalerei dank digitaler Techniken.« 27. bis 30. April 2022 in Brandenburg an der Havel (Schriften des Hornemann Instituts 22/Arbeitshefte des Brandenburgischen Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege und Archäologischen Landesmuseums 65)}},
  editor       = {{Schädler-Saub, Ursula and Noll-Minor, Mechthild}},
  pages        = {{150--193}},
  publisher    = {{hendrik Bäßler Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Die Wissenschaften und Künste unter der Ägide der brandenburgischen Kirche. Die Wandmalereien aus der Zeit Bischof Stephan Bodekers und Probst Peter von Klitzkes in der spätmittelalterlichen Dombibliothek in Brandenburg an der Havel – ein Bildzyklus, zwei Bibliotheksräume}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{62235,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are not solely used where maximum design freedom meets low lot sizes. Direct microstructure design and topology optimization can be realized concomitantly during processing by adjusting the geometry, the material composition, and the solidification behavior of the material considered. However, when complex specific requirements have to be met, a targeted part design is highly challenging. In the field of biodegradable implant surgery, a cytocompatible material of an application-adapted shape has to be characterized by a specific degradation behavior and reliably predictable mechanical properties. For instance, small amounts of oxides can have a significant effect on microstructural development, thus likewise affecting the strength and corrosion behavior of the processed material. In the present study, biocompatible pure Fe was processed using electron powder bed fusion (E-PBF). Two different modifications of the Fe were processed by incorporating Fe oxide and Ce oxide in different proportions in order to assess their impact on the microstructural evolution, the mechanical response and the corrosion behavior. The quasistatic mechanical and chemical properties were analyzed and correlated with the final microstructural appearance.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Torrent, Christof J. J. and Krooß, Philipp and Huang, Jingyuan and Voigt, Markus and Ebbert, Christoph and Knust, Steffen and Grundmeier, Guido and Niendorf, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2674-063X}},
  journal      = {{Alloys}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{31--53}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Oxide Modified Iron in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion—From Processability to Corrosion Properties}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/alloys1010004}},
  volume       = {{1}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{62801,
  abstract     = {{The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of individual atoms on the surface of catalyst nanoparticles plays a vital role in their activity and stability. Optimising the performance of electrocatalysts requires atomic-scale information, but it is difficult to obtain. Here, we use atom probe tomography to elucidate the 3D structure of 10 nm sized Co2FeO4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We reveal nanoscale spinodal decomposition in pristine Co2FeO4. The interfaces of Co-rich and Fe-rich nanodomains of Co2FeO4 become trapping sites for hydroxyl groups, contributing to a higher OER activity compared to that of CoFe2O4. However, the activity of Co2FeO4 drops considerably due to concurrent irreversible transformation towards CoIVO2 and pronounced Fe dissolution. In contrast, there is negligible elemental redistribution for CoFe2O4 after OER, except for surface structural transformation towards (FeIII, CoIII)2O3. Overall, our study provides a unique 3D compositional distribution of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxides, which gives atomic-scale insights into active sites and the deactivation of electrocatalysts during OER.}},
  author       = {{Xiang, Weikai and Yang, Nating and Li, Xiaopeng and Linnemann, Julia and Hagemann, Ulrich and Ruediger, Olaf and Heidelmann, Markus and Falk, Tobias and Aramini, Matteo and DeBeer, Serena and Muhler, Martin and Tschulik, Kristina and Li, Tong}},
  issn         = {{2041-1723}},
  journal      = {{Nature Communications}},
  keywords     = {{electrocatalysis, oxygen evolution reaction, cobalt spinel, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{{3D atomic-scale imaging of mixed Co-Fe spinel oxide nanoparticles during oxygen evolution reaction}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41467-021-27788-2}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inbook{30288,
  abstract     = {{Lithium niobate (LiNbO3), a material frequently used in optical applications, hosts different kinds of polarons that significantly affect many of its physical properties. In this study, a variety of electron polarons, namely free, bound, and bipolarons, are analyzed using first-principles calculations. We perform a full structural optimization based on density-functional theory for selected intrinsic defects with special attention to the role of symmetry-breaking distortions that lower the total energy. The cations hosting the various polarons relax to a different degree, with a larger relaxation corresponding to a larger gap between the defect level and the conduction-band edge. The projected density of states reveals that the polaron states are formerly empty Nb 4d states lowered into the band gap. Optical absorption spectra are derived within the independent-particle approximation, corrected by the GW approximation that yields a wider band gap and by including excitonic effects within the Bethe-Salpeter equation. Comparing the calculated spectra with the density of states, we find that the defect peak observed in the optical absorption stems from transitions between the defect level and a continuum of empty Nb 4d states. Signatures of polarons are further analyzed in the reflectivity and other experimentally measurable optical coefficients.}},
  author       = {{Schmidt, Falko and Kozub, Agnieszka L. and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Schindlmayr, Arno}},
  booktitle    = {{New Trends in Lithium Niobate: From Bulk to Nanocrystals}},
  editor       = {{Corradi, Gábor and Kovács, László}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-0365-3340-7}},
  pages        = {{231--248}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{{Electron polarons in lithium niobate: Charge localization, lattice deformation, and optical response}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/books978-3-0365-3339-1}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@phdthesis{24760,
  abstract     = {{Anwendungen von Laser-Sinter Bauteilen als Sichtteile sind aufgrund der vergleichsweise schlechten Oberflächenqualität sehr begrenzt. In dieser Arbeit werden dreidimensionale Kennwerte benutzt, um die Oberflächenqualität von Laser-Sinter Bauteiloberflächen und die Einflüsse aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen der gesamten Prozesskette zu evaluieren. Beispielsweise wurden objektive Kennwerte, mit deren Hilfe Orangenhaut zu identifizieren ist, und Prozessparameter, die diese deutlich vermindern, gefunden. Mittels Durchführung von haptischen Versuchen wurde das subjektive Empfinden ermittelt und konnten zu objektiven Kennwerten korreliert werden. Eine mikroskopische Betrachtung des flachen Oberflächenwinkels mit verschieden farbigen Pulvern zeigt neue Erkenntnisse zum Anschmelzvorgang von Partikeln an die Schmelze. Zur nachträglichen Glättung von Oberflächen wurden mechanische, chemische und optische Nachbehandlungsmethoden verwendet und deren Potential aufgezeigt. Eine abschließende neuartige Simulation der dreidimensionalen Topografie bildet die Grundlage für ein Programm zur automatischen und funktionsgerechten Orientierung von Bauteilen, welche am Beispiel eines realen Bauteils erfolgreich validiert wurde. Zusammengenommen zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die richtige Wahl von Bauorientierung und Prozessparametern entscheidend für die Bauteilqualität ist und selbst eine aufwendige Nachbearbeitung eine ungeschickte Wahl derer nur schwerlich ausgleichen kann.
}},
  author       = {{Delfs, Patrick}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-8440-7825-1}},
  keywords     = {{Additive Fertigung, Oberflächenqualität, 3D, Topografie, Simulation, PA12, Laser-Sintern, Rauheit}},
  pages        = {{126}},
  publisher    = {{Shaker Verlag GmbH}},
  title        = {{{Dreidimensionale Oberflächenanalyse und Topografie-Simulation additiv hergestellter Laser-Sinter Bauteile}}},
  volume       = {{22}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{27970,
  author       = {{Barclay, AW and LSA, Augustin and Brighenti, F and Delport, E and Henry, CJ and Sievenpiper, JL and Usic, K and Yuexin, Y and Zurbau, A and TMS, Wolever and Astrup, A and Bulló, M and Buyken, Anette and Ceriello, A and Ellis, PR and Vanginkel, MA and CWC, Kendall and La Vecchia, C and Livesey, G and Poli, A and Riccardi, G and Salas-Salvadó, J and Trichopoulou, A and Bhaskaran, K and DJA, Jenkins and Willett, WC and Brand-Miller, JC}},
  issn         = {{2072-6643}},
  journal      = {{Nutrients}},
  number       = {{9}},
  title        = {{{Dietary Glycaemic Index Labelling: A Global Perspective.}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/nu13093244}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{24427,
  author       = {{Magerkohl, Sebastian and Brüggemann, Jan-Peter}},
  title        = {{{3D-Druck in der industriellen Anwendung - Funktions- und fertigungsgerechte Konstruktion mit additiver Fertigung (Vortrag)}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{26011,
  author       = {{Hense, Dominik and Büngeler, Anne and Kollmann, Fabian and Hanke, Marcel and Orive, Alejandro and Keller, Adrian and Grundmeier, Guido and Huber, Klaus and Strube, Oliver I.}},
  issn         = {{1525-7797}},
  journal      = {{Biomacromolecules}},
  pages        = {{4084–4094}},
  title        = {{{Self-Assembled Fibrinogen Hydro- and Aerogels with Fibrin-like 3D Structures}}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00489}},
  volume       = {{22}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{26014,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Whereas initial findings have already identified cortical patterns accompanying proprioceptive deficiencies in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), little is known about compensatory sensorimotor mechanisms for re-establishing postural control. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore leg dependent patterns of cortical contributions to postural control in patients 6 weeks following ACLR. A total of 12 patients after ACLR (25.1 ± 3.2 years, 178.1 ± 9.7 cm, 77.5 ± 14.4 kg) and another 12 gender, age, and activity matched healthy controls participated in this study. All subjects performed 10 × 30 s. single leg stances on each leg, equipped with 64-channel mobile electroencephalography (EEG). Postural stability was quantified by area of sway and sway velocity. Estimations of the weighted phase lag index were conducted as a cortical measure of functional connectivity. The findings showed significant group × leg interactions for increased functional connectivity in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured leg, predominantly including fronto−parietal [<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>(1, 22)</jats:sub> = 8.41, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.008, η<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.28], fronto−occipital [<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>(1, 22)</jats:sub> = 4.43, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.047, η<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.17], parieto−motor [<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>(1, 22)</jats:sub> = 10.30, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.004, η<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.32], occipito−motor [<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>(1, 22)</jats:sub> = 5.21, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.032, η<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.19], and occipito−parietal [<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>(1, 22)</jats:sub> = 4.60, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.043, η<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.17] intra−hemispherical connections in the contralateral hemisphere and occipito−motor [<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>(1, 22)</jats:sub> = 7.33, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≤ 0.013, η<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.25] on the ipsilateral hemisphere to the injured leg. Higher functional connectivity in patients after ACLR, attained by increased emphasis of functional connections incorporating the somatosensory and visual areas, may serve as a compensatory mechanism to control postural stability of the injured leg in the early phase of rehabilitation. These preliminary results may help to develop new neurophysiological assessments for detecting functional deficiencies after ACLR in the future.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Lehmann, Tim and Büchel, Daniel and Mouton, Caroline and Gokeler, Alli and Seil, Romain and Baumeister, Jochen}},
  issn         = {{1662-5161}},
  journal      = {{Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}},
  title        = {{{Functional Cortical Connectivity Related to Postural Control in Patients Six Weeks After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fnhum.2021.655116}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{26420,
  author       = {{Hirtz, Raphael and Focker, Manuel and Libuda, Lars and Antel, Jochen and Ozturk, Dana and Kiewert, Cordula and Munteanu, Martin and Peters, Triinu and Fuhrer, Dagmar and Zwanziger, Denise and Thamm, Michael and Hebebrand, Johannes and Grasemann, Corinna}},
  issn         = {{1555-2101}},
  journal      = {{The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry}},
  title        = {{{Increased Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Depressed Adolescents}}},
  doi          = {{10.4088/jcp.20m13511}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{26523,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>With this case report we support our medical hypothesis that metreleptin treatment ameliorates starvation related emotional, cognitive and behavioral symptomatology of anorexia nervosa (AN) and show for the first time strong effects in a male patient with AN. A 15.9 year old adolescent with severe AN of eight-month duration was treated off-label with metreleptin. Hyperactivity was assessed with accelerometry. Visual analogue scales (VAS), validated self- and clinician rating scales and lab results tracked changes from baseline to end of the 24-day dosing period and a five-month follow-up. Substantial improvements of mood and eating disorder related cognitions and hyperactivity set in after two days of treatment. During dosing, sub-physiological testosterone and TT3 levels normalized; clinically libido reemerged. Weight did not increase substantially during the dosing period. During follow-up target weight was attained; mood did not deteriorate; hyperactivity ceased. The results substantiate the strong effects seen in female cases and underscore the need for a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to confirm the observed strong, multiple and rapid onset beneficial effects of metreleptin in AN.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Antel, Jochen and Tan, Susanne and Grabler, Marvin and Ludwig, Christine and Lohkemper, Dominik and Brandenburg, Tim and Barth, Nikolaus and Hinney, Anke and Libuda, Lars and Remy, Miriam and Milos, Gabriella and Hebebrand, Johannes}},
  issn         = {{1018-8827}},
  journal      = {{European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry}},
  title        = {{{Rapid amelioration of anorexia nervosa in a male adolescent during metreleptin treatment including recovery from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00787-021-01778-7}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inbook{26633,
  author       = {{Schlegel-Matthies, Kirsten and Wespi, Claudia}},
  booktitle    = {{Wirksamer Fachunterricht. Eine metaanalytische Betrachtung von Expertisen aus 17 Schulfächern}},
  editor       = {{Reinhardt, V. and Rehm , M. and Wilhem , M.}},
  pages        = {{200--217}},
  publisher    = {{Baltmannsweiler: Schneider-Verlag}},
  title        = {{{Befähigung zur Reflexion und zum Umgang mit Ambiguitäten. Zur Wirksamkeit von Unterricht für "Lebensführung"}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@book{26635,
  author       = {{Schlegel-Matthies, Kirsten and Wespi, Claudia}},
  isbn         = {{ISBN-13: 9783834020314}},
  pages        = {{245}},
  publisher    = {{Baltmannsweiler: Schneider-Verlag.}},
  title        = {{{Wirksamer Unterricht für Lebensführung. (Unterrichtsqualität: Perspektiven von Expertinnen und Experten 12) }}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inproceedings{26830,
  author       = {{Mager, Thomas and Jürgenhake, Christoph and Dumitrescu, Roman}},
  booktitle    = {{14th International Congress Molded Interconnect Devices (MID)}},
  location     = {{Amberg}},
  pages        = {{1--9}},
  title        = {{{Approach for a modular design methodology for an efficient development of 3D MID components}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@inbook{26874,
  author       = {{Klünder, Nina}},
  booktitle    = {{Wörterbuch. Soziale Arbeit}},
  editor       = {{Amthor, Ralph-Christian and Goldberg, Brigitta and Hansbauer, Peter and Landes, Benjamin and Wintergerst, Theresia}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-7799-3869-9}},
  pages        = {{997--999}},
  publisher    = {{Beltz Juventa}},
  title        = {{{Wörterbuch. Soziale Arbeit}}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{27007,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>
                <jats:title>Purpose</jats:title>
                <jats:p>To examine the association between fructose intake in adolescence and fatty liver indices (hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI)) in young adulthood.</jats:p>
              </jats:sec><jats:sec>
                <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>
                <jats:p>Overall, 246 participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study who had a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating fructose intakes and other fructose-containing sugars (total (TS), free (FS), added sugar (AS)) as well as two complete 24-h urine samples for calculating sugar excretion (fructose excretion (FE), fructose + sucrose excretion (FE + SE)) in adolescence (males: 9.5–16.5 years; females: 8.5–15.5 years) were analysed using multivariable linear regression analyses.</jats:p>
              </jats:sec><jats:sec>
                <jats:title>Results</jats:title>
                <jats:p>On the level of dietary intake, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose intake and both adult fatty liver indices, whereas higher FS intakes were associated with lower levels of HSI (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><jats:sub>trend</jats:sub> = 0.02) and FLI (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><jats:sub>trend</jats:sub> = 0.03). On the urinary excretion level, however, a higher FE (P<jats:sub>trend</jats:sub> = 0.03) and FE + SE (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic><jats:sub>trend</jats:sub> = 0.01) in adolescence were prospectively related to higher adult FLI values. No associations were observed between adolescent sugar excretion and adult HSI.</jats:p>
              </jats:sec><jats:sec>
                <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>
                <jats:p>The present study does not provide unambiguous support for a detrimental impact of adolescent fructose intake on adult liver health. Nonetheless, further examinations estimating exposure by means of urinary excretion as well as dietary intake levels appear warranted.</jats:p>
              </jats:sec>}},
  author       = {{Perrar, Ines and Buyken, Anette and Penczynski, Katharina J. and Remer, Thomas and Kuhnle, Gunter G. and Herder, Christian and Roden, Michael and Della Corte, Karen and Nöthlings, Ute and Alexy, Ute}},
  issn         = {{1436-6207}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Nutrition}},
  pages        = {{3029--3041}},
  title        = {{{Relevance of fructose intake in adolescence for fatty liver indices in young adulthood}}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00394-020-02463-2}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{27014,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:</jats:bold> To examine the prospective relevance of dietary sugar intake (based on dietary data as well as urinary excretion data) in adolescent years for insulin sensitivity and biomarkers of inflammation in young adulthood.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:</jats:bold> Overall 254 participants of the DONALD study who had at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating intakes of fructose, glucose, sucrose, total, free, added sugars, total sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), juice, and sweets/sugar or at least two complete 24 h urine samples (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 221) for calculating sugar excretion (urinary fructose and urinary fructose + sucrose) in adolescence (females: 9–15 years, males: 10–16 years) and a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), were included in multivariable linear regression analyses assessing their prospective associations with adult homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) and a pro-inflammatory score (based on CRP, IL-6, IL-18, leptin, chemerin, adiponectin).</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:</jats:bold> On the dietary intake level, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose, sucrose, glucose, added, free, total sugar, or total sugar from SSB, juice or sweets/sugar intake and adult HOMA2-%S (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.01). On the urinary level, however, higher excreted fructose levels were associated with improved adult HOMA2-%S (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.008) among females only. No associations were observed between dietary or urinary sugars and the adult pro-inflammatory score (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.01).</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:</jats:bold> The present study did not provide support that dietary sugar consumed in adolescence is associated with adult insulin sensitivity. The one potential exception was the moderate dietary consumption of fructose, which showed a beneficial association with adult fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Della Corte, Karen A. and Penczynski, Katharina and Kuhnle, Gunter and Perrar, Ines and Herder, Christian and Roden, Michael and Wudy, Stefan A. and Remer, Thomas and Alexy, Ute and Buyken, Anette}},
  issn         = {{2296-861X}},
  journal      = {{Frontiers in Nutrition}},
  title        = {{{The Prospective Association of Dietary Sugar Intake in Adolescence With Risk Markers of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fnut.2020.615684}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

@article{27114,
  abstract     = {{<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>
              <jats:title>Background/objectives</jats:title>
              <jats:p>Adolescence is a critical period for both the development of overweight and the transition toward a later chronotype, often accompanied by an increase in social jetlag. This study assessed whether changes in chronotype and social jetlag, are linked to changes in body composition during adolescence.</jats:p>
            </jats:sec><jats:sec>
              <jats:title>Subjects/methods</jats:title>
              <jats:p>We used data from the DONALD open cohort study, collected between 2014 and 2019, from 213 adolescents (9–17 years at baseline, 45% females) having at least two measures of chronotype and anthropometry (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 572). Chronotype was assessed with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and defined as: midpoint of sleep corrected for sleep-debt (MSFsc) accumulated over the week (later MSFsc represents later chronotype). Social jetlag (SJL) defines the difference between midpoint of sleep during week and weekend. Calculations for Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI [kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>)]) and Fat Mass Index (FMI) [kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>)]) were based on body fat percentage, weight, and height. To analyze the associations, we used linear mixed-effect regression models. Finally, the total cohort was split into three biologically relevant age groups (cut-off set at &lt;12 years, ≥12 to ≤15 years and &gt;15 years).</jats:p>
            </jats:sec><jats:sec>
              <jats:title>Results</jats:title>
              <jats:p>Median follow-up was 2.1 years. Overall, change toward a later chronotype was significantly related with an increase in FMI (ß: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.08). A 1 h increase in social jetlag predicted an increase in BMI-SDS of 0.08 SDS units (95% CI: 0.01–0.14) and in FMI of 0.04 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.003–0.08). Associations were stronger for the age group ≥12 to ≤15 years (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> for interaction: &lt;0.001). No relationship was found with FFMI.</jats:p>
            </jats:sec><jats:sec>
              <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>
              <jats:p>Changes in MSFsc and SJL during adolescence were associated with concurrent changes in BMI-SDS and FMI. The age ≥12 to ≤15 years appears to be a sensitive period in which chronobiological changes were clearly associated with increasing body fatness.</jats:p>
            </jats:sec>}},
  author       = {{Jankovic, Nicole and Schmitting, Sarah and Krüger, Bettina and Nöthlings, Ute and Buyken, Anette E. and Alexy, Ute}},
  issn         = {{0954-3007}},
  journal      = {{European Journal of Clinical Nutrition}},
  title        = {{{Changes in chronotype and social jetlag during adolescence and their association with concurrent changes in BMI-SDS and body composition, in the DONALD Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.1038/s41430-021-01024-y}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}