---
_id: '65515'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Abstract This study explores the usability and onboarding process of a Mixed
Reality (MR) application called PEARL, designed to prepare students for laboratory
work. Originally developed for mobile Augmented Reality (mAR), PEARL was adapted
for MR to offer a more immersive and intuitive experience through hand and gesture
controls. Since many students lack experience with MR devices, a user-friendly
onboarding system is essential. The study aims to redesign PEARL’s user interface
and onboarding experience, evaluating how intuitive interaction elements impact
usability. First, a literature review will identify existing usability guidelines
for MR applications, which will guide the redesign of the interface. This new
version will then be tested with students through a user study. Feedback will
be collected via an online survey to assess the onboarding and user experience,
and the findings will be used to refine the design further. The expected outcome
is an improved onboarding process and interface, making PEARL accessible even
for MR novices, enhancing their ability to interact with 3D objects in a real-world
setting. Ultimately, the study aims to provide best practices for developing intuitive
MR interfaces and effective onboarding experiences, especially in educational
contexts.
author:
- first_name: Mesut
full_name: Alptekin, Mesut
id: '11763'
last_name: Alptekin
orcid: 0009-0004-8545-1165
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Münstermann, Daniel
last_name: Münstermann
- first_name: Katrin
full_name: Temmen, Katrin
last_name: Temmen
citation:
ama: 'Alptekin M, Münstermann D, Temmen K. Designing and Evaluating the Usability
and Onboarding for a Mixed-Reality Application: A Case Study with PEARL (Paderborn
Electrical Engineering AR Laboratory) and Meta Quest 3. In: Lecture Notes in
Networks and Systems. Vol 2. Smart Technologies for an All-Electric Society.
Springer Nature Switzerland; 2026:199-211. doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07319-8_19'
apa: 'Alptekin, M., Münstermann, D., & Temmen, K. (2026). Designing and Evaluating
the Usability and Onboarding for a Mixed-Reality Application: A Case Study with PEARL
(Paderborn Electrical Engineering AR Laboratory) and Meta Quest 3. In Lecture
Notes in Networks and Systems (Vol. 2, pp. 199–211). Springer Nature Switzerland.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07319-8_19'
bibtex: '@inbook{Alptekin_Münstermann_Temmen_2026, place={Cham}, series={Smart Technologies
for an All-Electric Society}, title={Designing and Evaluating the Usability and Onboarding
for a Mixed-Reality Application: A Case Study with PEARL (Paderborn Electrical
Engineering AR Laboratory) and Meta Quest 3}, volume={2}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-032-07319-8_19},
booktitle={Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems}, publisher={Springer Nature
Switzerland}, author={Alptekin, Mesut and Münstermann, Daniel and Temmen, Katrin},
year={2026}, pages={199–211}, collection={Smart Technologies for an All-Electric
Society} }'
chicago: 'Alptekin, Mesut, Daniel Münstermann, and Katrin Temmen. “Designing and Evaluating
the Usability and Onboarding for a Mixed-Reality Application: A Case Study with PEARL
(Paderborn Electrical Engineering AR Laboratory) and Meta Quest 3.” In Lecture
Notes in Networks and Systems, 2:199–211. Smart Technologies for an All-Electric
Society. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-07319-8_19.'
ieee: 'M. Alptekin, D. Münstermann, and K. Temmen, “Designing and Evaluating the Usability
and Onboarding for a Mixed-Reality Application: A Case Study with PEARL (Paderborn
Electrical Engineering AR Laboratory) and Meta Quest 3,” in Lecture Notes in
Networks and Systems, vol. 2, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026, pp.
199–211.'
mla: 'Alptekin, Mesut, et al. “Designing and Evaluating the Usability and Onboarding
for a Mixed-Reality Application: A Case Study with PEARL (Paderborn Electrical
Engineering AR Laboratory) and Meta Quest 3.” Lecture Notes in Networks and
Systems, vol. 2, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026, pp. 199–211, doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07319-8_19.'
short: 'M. Alptekin, D. Münstermann, K. Temmen, in: Lecture Notes in Networks and
Systems, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2026, pp. 199–211.'
conference:
end_date: 2025-04-11
location: Santiago, Chile
name: International Conference on Smart Technologies & Education (STE2025)
start_date: 2025-04-09
date_created: 2026-04-29T09:12:41Z
date_updated: 2026-04-29T09:23:02Z
department:
- _id: '34'
- _id: '3'
- _id: '300'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-07319-8_19
intvolume: ' 2'
keyword:
- Meta Quest 3
- Augmented Reality
- Mixed Reality
- PEARL
- Electrical Engineering
- Laboratory Training
- Onboarding
- User Experience
- User Interface
- Heuristics
language:
- iso: eng
page: 199-211
place: Cham
publication: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- '9783032073181'
- '9783032073198'
issn:
- 2367-3370
- 2367-3389
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
series_title: Smart Technologies for an All-Electric Society
status: public
title: 'Designing and Evaluating the Usability and Onboarding for a Mixed-Reality
Application: A Case Study with PEARL (Paderborn Electrical Engineering AR Laboratory)
and Meta Quest 3'
type: book_chapter
user_id: '11763'
volume: 2
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '51825'
author:
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Schmitt, Martin
id: '100968'
last_name: Schmitt
citation:
ama: Schmitt M. Socialist AI? Societal Use, Economic Implementation, and the Tensions
of Applied Computer Science in Late Socialist GDR. IEEE Annals of the History
of Computing. Published online 2023:66–79. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2023.3298694
apa: Schmitt, M. (2023). Socialist AI? Societal Use, Economic Implementation, and
the Tensions of Applied Computer Science in Late Socialist GDR. IEEE Annals
of the History of Computing, 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2023.3298694
bibtex: '@article{Schmitt_2023, title={Socialist AI? Societal Use, Economic Implementation,
and the Tensions of Applied Computer Science in Late Socialist GDR}, DOI={10.1109/MAHC.2023.3298694},
journal={IEEE Annals of the History of Computing}, author={Schmitt, Martin}, year={2023},
pages={66–79} }'
chicago: Schmitt, Martin. “Socialist AI? Societal Use, Economic Implementation,
and the Tensions of Applied Computer Science in Late Socialist GDR.” IEEE Annals
of the History of Computing, 2023, 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2023.3298694.
ieee: 'M. Schmitt, “Socialist AI? Societal Use, Economic Implementation, and the
Tensions of Applied Computer Science in Late Socialist GDR,” IEEE Annals of
the History of Computing, pp. 66–79, 2023, doi: 10.1109/MAHC.2023.3298694.'
mla: Schmitt, Martin. “Socialist AI? Societal Use, Economic Implementation, and
the Tensions of Applied Computer Science in Late Socialist GDR.” IEEE Annals
of the History of Computing, 2023, pp. 66–79, doi:10.1109/MAHC.2023.3298694.
short: M. Schmitt, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing (2023) 66–79.
date_created: 2024-02-24T23:37:54Z
date_updated: 2025-10-21T16:42:21Z
department:
- _id: '514'
- _id: '615'
doi: 10.1109/MAHC.2023.3298694
keyword:
- Sozialismus
- Schachcomputer
- Deutschland {\textless}DDR{\textgreater}
- KI
- Schach
- Spätsozialismus
- 1980er-Jahre
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10193852/
page: 66–79
publication: IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1058-6180, 1934-1547
status: public
title: Socialist AI? Societal Use, Economic Implementation, and the Tensions of Applied
Computer Science in Late Socialist GDR
type: journal_article
user_id: '100968'
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '51809'
author:
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Schmitt, Martin
id: '100968'
last_name: Schmitt
citation:
ama: 'Schmitt M. Banking the Future of Banking: Savings banks and the Digital Age
in East and West Germany. In: van Lente D, ed. Prophets of Computing: Visions
of Society Transformed by Computing. ACM; 2022:87–115.'
apa: 'Schmitt, M. (2022). Banking the Future of Banking: Savings banks and the Digital
Age in East and West Germany. In D. van Lente (Ed.), Prophets of Computing:
Visions of Society Transformed by Computing (pp. 87–115). ACM.'
bibtex: '@inbook{Schmitt_2022, place={New York}, title={Banking the Future of Banking:
Savings banks and the Digital Age in East and West Germany}, booktitle={Prophets
of Computing: Visions of Society Transformed by Computing}, publisher={ACM}, author={Schmitt,
Martin}, editor={van Lente, Dick}, year={2022}, pages={87–115} }'
chicago: 'Schmitt, Martin. “Banking the Future of Banking: Savings Banks and the
Digital Age in East and West Germany.” In Prophets of Computing: Visions of
Society Transformed by Computing, edited by Dick van Lente, 87–115. New York:
ACM, 2022.'
ieee: 'M. Schmitt, “Banking the Future of Banking: Savings banks and the Digital
Age in East and West Germany,” in Prophets of Computing: Visions of Society
Transformed by Computing, D. van Lente, Ed. New York: ACM, 2022, pp. 87–115.'
mla: 'Schmitt, Martin. “Banking the Future of Banking: Savings Banks and the Digital
Age in East and West Germany.” Prophets of Computing: Visions of Society Transformed
by Computing, edited by Dick van Lente, ACM, 2022, pp. 87–115.'
short: 'M. Schmitt, in: D. van Lente (Ed.), Prophets of Computing: Visions of Society
Transformed by Computing, ACM, New York, 2022, pp. 87–115.'
date_created: 2024-02-24T23:27:32Z
date_updated: 2025-10-21T16:42:44Z
department:
- _id: '514'
- _id: '615'
editor:
- first_name: Dick
full_name: van Lente, Dick
last_name: van Lente
keyword:
- Sparkassen
- Computer
- 1960er
- Kreditwirtschaft
- Digitalisierung
- Deutschland {\textless}DDR{\textgreater}
- Deutschland {\textless}Bundesrepublik{\textgreater}
language:
- iso: eng
page: 87–115
place: New York
publication: 'Prophets of Computing: Visions of Society Transformed by Computing'
publisher: ACM
status: public
title: 'Banking the Future of Banking: Savings banks and the Digital Age in East and
West Germany'
type: book_chapter
user_id: '100968'
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '51785'
author:
- first_name: Susanne
full_name: Richter, Susanne
id: '99352'
last_name: Richter
citation:
ama: Richter S. Hallo Schönheiten! Performances und Aushandlungen der Geschlechterordnung
in der YouTube-Beauty-Community. Campus; 2021.
apa: Richter, S. (2021). Hallo Schönheiten! Performances und Aushandlungen der
Geschlechterordnung in der YouTube-Beauty-Community. Campus.
bibtex: '@book{Richter_2021, place={Frankfurt (Main)}, title={Hallo Schönheiten!
Performances und Aushandlungen der Geschlechterordnung in der YouTube-Beauty-Community},
publisher={Campus}, author={Richter, Susanne}, year={2021} }'
chicago: 'Richter, Susanne. Hallo Schönheiten! Performances und Aushandlungen
der Geschlechterordnung in der YouTube-Beauty-Community. Frankfurt (Main):
Campus, 2021.'
ieee: 'S. Richter, Hallo Schönheiten! Performances und Aushandlungen der Geschlechterordnung
in der YouTube-Beauty-Community. Frankfurt (Main): Campus, 2021.'
mla: Richter, Susanne. Hallo Schönheiten! Performances und Aushandlungen der
Geschlechterordnung in der YouTube-Beauty-Community. Campus, 2021.
short: S. Richter, Hallo Schönheiten! Performances und Aushandlungen der Geschlechterordnung
in der YouTube-Beauty-Community, Campus, Frankfurt (Main), 2021.
date_created: 2024-02-22T17:22:10Z
date_updated: 2024-02-23T09:22:43Z
extern: '1'
keyword:
- '{\textless}3'
language:
- iso: ger
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/soziologie/hallo_schoenheiten-16585.html
oa: '1'
place: Frankfurt (Main)
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-593-51403-1
publisher: Campus
status: public
title: Hallo Schönheiten! Performances und Aushandlungen der Geschlechterordnung in
der YouTube-Beauty-Community
type: book
user_id: '99352'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '51812'
author:
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Schmitt, Martin
id: '100968'
last_name: Schmitt
citation:
ama: 'Schmitt M. Digitalisierung in den Sparkassen Ost-und West-Berlins. In: der
Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe e. V. W, ed. Wendezeiten. Sparkassen in Historischen
Umbrüchen Am Beispiel Berlins. Sparkassen in der Geschichte, Abteilung 1:
Dokumentation. Deutscher Sparkassenverlag; 2019:85–108.'
apa: Schmitt, M. (2019). Digitalisierung in den Sparkassen Ost-und West-Berlins.
In W. der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe e. V. (Ed.), Wendezeiten. Sparkassen in historischen
Umbrüchen am Beispiel Berlins (pp. 85–108). Deutscher Sparkassenverlag.
bibtex: '@inbook{Schmitt_2019, place={Stuttgart}, series={Sparkassen in der Geschichte,
Abteilung 1: Dokumentation}, title={Digitalisierung in den Sparkassen Ost-und
West-Berlins}, booktitle={Wendezeiten. Sparkassen in historischen Umbrüchen am
Beispiel Berlins}, publisher={Deutscher Sparkassenverlag}, author={Schmitt, Martin},
editor={der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe e. V., Wissenschaftsförderung}, year={2019},
pages={85–108}, collection={Sparkassen in der Geschichte, Abteilung 1: Dokumentation}
}'
chicago: 'Schmitt, Martin. “Digitalisierung in Den Sparkassen Ost-Und West-Berlins.”
In Wendezeiten. Sparkassen in Historischen Umbrüchen Am Beispiel Berlins,
edited by Wissenschaftsförderung der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe e. V., 85–108. Sparkassen
in Der Geschichte, Abteilung 1: Dokumentation. Stuttgart: Deutscher Sparkassenverlag,
2019.'
ieee: 'M. Schmitt, “Digitalisierung in den Sparkassen Ost-und West-Berlins,” in
Wendezeiten. Sparkassen in historischen Umbrüchen am Beispiel Berlins,
W. der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe e. V., Ed. Stuttgart: Deutscher Sparkassenverlag,
2019, pp. 85–108.'
mla: Schmitt, Martin. “Digitalisierung in Den Sparkassen Ost-Und West-Berlins.”
Wendezeiten. Sparkassen in Historischen Umbrüchen Am Beispiel Berlins,
edited by Wissenschaftsförderung der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe e. V., Deutscher
Sparkassenverlag, 2019, pp. 85–108.
short: 'M. Schmitt, in: W. der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe e. V. (Ed.), Wendezeiten.
Sparkassen in Historischen Umbrüchen Am Beispiel Berlins, Deutscher Sparkassenverlag,
Stuttgart, 2019, pp. 85–108.'
date_created: 2024-02-24T23:29:46Z
date_updated: 2024-02-25T00:06:49Z
editor:
- first_name: Wissenschaftsförderung
full_name: der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe e. V., Wissenschaftsförderung
last_name: der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe e. V.
keyword:
- Wiedervereinigung
- Wende
- Sparkasse
- Berlin
- Stuttgart
- West-Berlin
- Deutschland {\textless}DDR{\textgreater}
- Deutschland {\textless}Bundesrepublik{\textgreater}
language:
- iso: eng
page: 85–108
place: Stuttgart
publication: Wendezeiten. Sparkassen in historischen Umbrüchen am Beispiel Berlins
publisher: Deutscher Sparkassenverlag
series_title: 'Sparkassen in der Geschichte, Abteilung 1: Dokumentation'
status: public
title: Digitalisierung in den Sparkassen Ost-und West-Berlins
type: book_chapter
user_id: '100968'
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '51828'
author:
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Schmitt, Martin
id: '100968'
last_name: Schmitt
citation:
ama: 'Schmitt M. Der Wert des Kunden. Computerisierung in bundesdeutschen Sparkassen
am Beispiel der Privatkreditvergabe. In: Bösch F, Sabrow M, eds. ZeitRäume
2017. Potsdamer Almanach des Zentrums für Zeithistorische Forschung. Wallstein
Verlag; 2017:119–134.'
apa: Schmitt, M. (2017). Der Wert des Kunden. Computerisierung in bundesdeutschen
Sparkassen am Beispiel der Privatkreditvergabe. In F. Bösch & M. Sabrow (Eds.),
ZeitRäume 2017 (pp. 119–134). Wallstein Verlag.
bibtex: '@inbook{Schmitt_2017, place={Göttingen}, series={Potsdamer Almanach des
Zentrums für Zeithistorische Forschung}, title={Der Wert des Kunden. Computerisierung
in bundesdeutschen Sparkassen am Beispiel der Privatkreditvergabe}, booktitle={ZeitRäume
2017}, publisher={Wallstein Verlag}, author={Schmitt, Martin}, editor={Bösch,
Frank and Sabrow, Martin}, year={2017}, pages={119–134}, collection={Potsdamer
Almanach des Zentrums für Zeithistorische Forschung} }'
chicago: 'Schmitt, Martin. “Der Wert Des Kunden. Computerisierung in Bundesdeutschen
Sparkassen Am Beispiel Der Privatkreditvergabe.” In ZeitRäume 2017, edited
by Frank Bösch and Martin Sabrow, 119–134. Potsdamer Almanach Des Zentrums Für
Zeithistorische Forschung. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2017.'
ieee: 'M. Schmitt, “Der Wert des Kunden. Computerisierung in bundesdeutschen Sparkassen
am Beispiel der Privatkreditvergabe,” in ZeitRäume 2017, F. Bösch and M.
Sabrow, Eds. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2017, pp. 119–134.'
mla: Schmitt, Martin. “Der Wert Des Kunden. Computerisierung in Bundesdeutschen
Sparkassen Am Beispiel Der Privatkreditvergabe.” ZeitRäume 2017, edited
by Frank Bösch and Martin Sabrow, Wallstein Verlag, 2017, pp. 119–134.
short: 'M. Schmitt, in: F. Bösch, M. Sabrow (Eds.), ZeitRäume 2017, Wallstein Verlag,
Göttingen, 2017, pp. 119–134.'
date_created: 2024-02-24T23:40:05Z
date_updated: 2024-02-24T23:57:58Z
editor:
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Bösch, Frank
last_name: Bösch
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Sabrow, Martin
last_name: Sabrow
keyword:
- Kreditscoring
- Kleinkredit
- Deutschland {\textless}Bundesrepublik{\textgreater}
language:
- iso: eng
page: 119–134
place: Göttingen
publication: ZeitRäume 2017
publisher: Wallstein Verlag
series_title: Potsdamer Almanach des Zentrums für Zeithistorische Forschung
status: public
title: Der Wert des Kunden. Computerisierung in bundesdeutschen Sparkassen am Beispiel
der Privatkreditvergabe
type: book_chapter
user_id: '100968'
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '9759'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Among various lead-free piezoelectric materials, (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ is a very
promising candidate. In this study, (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics were sintered from
mixed (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ and NaNbO$_{3}$ powders prepared by hydrothermal reaction.
These two powders were mixed with distilled water in a KNbO$_{3}$/NaNbO$_{3}$
molar ratio of 1. After sintering the mixed powder, the solid solution of (Na,K)NbO$_{3}$
ceramics was obtained. The electrical properties such as the electromechanical
coupling factors k$_{p}$ and k$_{33}$, the mechanical quality factor, Q$_{m}$,
and the piezoelectric constant d$_{33}$ of the sintered (K,Na)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics
were 0.32, 0.48, 71 (radial mode), 118 ((33)mode), and 107 pC/N, respectively.
author:
- first_name: Takafumi
full_name: Maeda, Takafumi
last_name: Maeda
- first_name: Norihito
full_name: Takiguchi, Norihito
last_name: Takiguchi
- first_name: Takeshi
full_name: Morita, Takeshi
last_name: Morita
- first_name: Mutsuo
full_name: Ishikawa, Mutsuo
last_name: Ishikawa
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Hemsel, Tobias
id: '210'
last_name: Hemsel
citation:
ama: Maeda T, Takiguchi N, Morita T, Ishikawa M, Hemsel T. (K,Na)NbO3 lead-free
piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders. Materials Letters.
2010;64(2):125-128. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012
apa: Maeda, T., Takiguchi, N., Morita, T., Ishikawa, M., & Hemsel, T. (2010).
(K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders.
Materials Letters, 64(2), 125–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012
bibtex: '@article{Maeda_Takiguchi_Morita_Ishikawa_Hemsel_2010, title={(K,Na)NbO3
lead-free piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders}, volume={64},
DOI={10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012},
number={2}, journal={Materials Letters}, author={Maeda, Takafumi and Takiguchi,
Norihito and Morita, Takeshi and Ishikawa, Mutsuo and Hemsel, Tobias}, year={2010},
pages={125–128} }'
chicago: 'Maeda, Takafumi, Norihito Takiguchi, Takeshi Morita, Mutsuo Ishikawa,
and Tobias Hemsel. “(K,Na)NbO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics Synthesized from
Hydrothermal Powders.” Materials Letters 64, no. 2 (2010): 125–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012.'
ieee: T. Maeda, N. Takiguchi, T. Morita, M. Ishikawa, and T. Hemsel, “(K,Na)NbO3
lead-free piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders,” Materials
Letters, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 125–128, 2010.
mla: Maeda, Takafumi, et al. “(K,Na)NbO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics Synthesized
from Hydrothermal Powders.” Materials Letters, vol. 64, no. 2, 2010, pp.
125–28, doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012.
short: T. Maeda, N. Takiguchi, T. Morita, M. Ishikawa, T. Hemsel, Materials Letters
64 (2010) 125–128.
date_created: 2019-05-13T10:21:17Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T07:04:19Z
department:
- _id: '151'
doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.012
intvolume: ' 64'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Lead-free piezoelectric material
- (K
- Na)NbO$_{3}$ ceramics
- Sintering solid solution
- Piezoelectric properties
language:
- iso: eng
page: 125-128
publication: Materials Letters
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 1948-5719
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: (K,Na)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics synthesized from hydrothermal powders
type: journal_article
user_id: '55222'
volume: 64
year: '2010'
...