[{"oa":"1","citation":{"mla":"Kroiß, Christoph, et al. “Validation of a Fluidized Bed Thermogravimetric Method with Integrated Gas Analysis for CO2 Capture by Activated Hydrochar from Pistachio Shells.” <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Kroiß_Al Afif_Pröll_Pfeifer_Weinberger_Tondl_2026, title={Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>}, journal={Discover Applied Sciences}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kroiß, Christoph and Al Afif, Rafat and Pröll, Tobias and Pfeifer, Christoph and Weinberger, Christian and Tondl, Gregor}, year={2026} }","ama":"Kroiß C, Al Afif R, Pröll T, Pfeifer C, Weinberger C, Tondl G. Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells. <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>","ieee":"C. Kroiß, R. Al Afif, T. Pröll, C. Pfeifer, C. Weinberger, and G. Tondl, “Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells,” <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>.","apa":"Kroiß, C., Al Afif, R., Pröll, T., Pfeifer, C., Weinberger, C., &#38; Tondl, G. (2026). Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells. <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>","chicago":"Kroiß, Christoph, Rafat Al Afif, Tobias Pröll, Christoph Pfeifer, Christian Weinberger, and Gregor Tondl. “Validation of a Fluidized Bed Thermogravimetric Method with Integrated Gas Analysis for CO2 Capture by Activated Hydrochar from Pistachio Shells.” <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>.","short":"C. Kroiß, R. Al Afif, T. Pröll, C. Pfeifer, C. Weinberger, G. Tondl, Discover Applied Sciences (2026)."},"user_id":"11848","_id":"66282","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","status":"public","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Hydrothermal carbonization","Activated hydrochar","CO2 adsorption","Adsorption isotherms","Thermogravimetric analysis","Gas analysis","Method validation","Carbon capture"],"date_created":"2026-07-06T11:30:48Z","abstract":[{"text":"Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of pistachio shells was performed in a high-pressure batch reactor at 200 °C for 2 h, yielding a carbon-enriched hydrochar. Elemental analysis shows an increase in carbon mass fraction from 44.76 % to 54.09 % and a decrease in atomic O/C and H/C ratios, confirming carbonization as visualized in a Van Krevelen diagram. The hydrochar was chemically activated by potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation and thermal treatment, yielding 16–28 wt.% activated hydrochar. Adsorption isotherms were determined in a thermogravimetric, fluidized-bed reactor using a stepwise CO2 concentration program limited to 50 vol.% CO2 in N2 (0–5–10–25–50–0 vol.% CO2 at 100 kPa total pressure). The setup was extended by integrating online gas analysis to provide an independent, time-resolved mass-balance cross-check. Validation was performed using Lewatit VP OC 1065 by an internal Langmuir parity check and comparison with literature-based Toth model representations; gas analysis is demonstrated using a representative low-concentration step and by comparing Langmuir models derived from gas-based versus gravimetric loadings at 50 °C. For activated hydrochar, equilibrium points were obtained up to 50 vol.% CO2 (pCO2 ≈ 50 kPa) and show decreasing loading with increasing temperature. For literature comparison and indicative saturation reporting, isotherm fits were extrapolated to pure CO2 at 100 kPa: the maximum loading derived from the raw weighing signal was 1.84 mmol/g; after buoyancy correction, the corresponding value is 1.45 mmol/g.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Discover Applied Sciences","doi":"10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7","open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-07-20T08:18:24Z","article_type":"original","year":"2026","title":"Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells","publication_identifier":{"issn":["3004-9261"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Kroiß","full_name":"Kroiß, Christoph"},{"full_name":"Al Afif, Rafat","first_name":"Rafat","last_name":"Al Afif"},{"full_name":"Pröll, Tobias","first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Pröll"},{"last_name":"Pfeifer","first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Pfeifer, Christoph"},{"id":"11848","first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Weinberger","full_name":"Weinberger, Christian"},{"last_name":"Tondl","first_name":"Gregor","full_name":"Tondl, Gregor"}]},{"doi":"10.1002/anie.202217808","user_id":"11848","_id":"45571","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Wiley","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2024-03-21T12:01:33Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0044-8249","1521-3757"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Li, Jiaxin","first_name":"Jiaxin","last_name":"Li"},{"first_name":"Janina","last_name":"Kossmann","full_name":"Kossmann, Janina"},{"last_name":"Zeng","first_name":"Ke","full_name":"Zeng, Ke"},{"first_name":"Kun","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Kun"},{"first_name":"Bingjie","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Bingjie"},{"full_name":"Weinberger, Christian","last_name":"Weinberger","first_name":"Christian","id":"11848"},{"last_name":"Antonietti","first_name":"Markus","full_name":"Antonietti, Markus"},{"full_name":"Odziomek, Mateusz","last_name":"Odziomek","first_name":"Mateusz"},{"full_name":"López‐Salas, Nieves","first_name":"Nieves","last_name":"López‐Salas"}],"status":"public","year":"2023","title":"When High‐Temperature Cesium Chemistry Meets Self‐Templating: Metal Acetates as Building Blocks of Unusual Highly Porous Carbons","keyword":["CO2 Adsorption","Cesium Acetate","Cesium Effect","Porous Carbons","Supercapacitor"],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2023-06-12T07:42:09Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Self-templating is a facile strategy for synthesizing porous carbons by direct pyrolysis of organic metal salts. However, the method typically suffers from low yields (<4%) and limited specific surface areas (SSA<2000 m2 g−1) originating from low activity of metal cations (e.g., K+ or Na+) in promoting construction and activation of carbon frameworks. Here we use cesium acetate as the only precursor of oxo-carbons with large SSA of the order of 3000 m2 g−1, pore volume approaching 2 cm3 g−1, tunable oxygen contents, and yields of up to 15 %. We unravel the role of Cs+ as an efficient promoter of framework formation, templating and etching agent, while acetates act as carbon/oxygen sources of carbonaceous frameworks. The oxo-carbons show record-high CO2 uptake of 8.71 mmol g−1 and an ultimate specific capacitance of 313 F g−1 in the supercapacitor. This study helps to understand and rationally tailor the materials design by a still rare organic solid-state chemistry."}],"citation":{"mla":"Li, Jiaxin, et al. “When High‐Temperature Cesium Chemistry Meets Self‐Templating: Metal Acetates as Building Blocks of Unusual Highly Porous Carbons.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217808\">10.1002/anie.202217808</a>.","apa":"Li, J., Kossmann, J., Zeng, K., Zhang, K., Wang, B., Weinberger, C., Antonietti, M., Odziomek, M., &#38; López‐Salas, N. (2023). When High‐Temperature Cesium Chemistry Meets Self‐Templating: Metal Acetates as Building Blocks of Unusual Highly Porous Carbons. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217808\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217808</a>","ieee":"J. Li <i>et al.</i>, “When High‐Temperature Cesium Chemistry Meets Self‐Templating: Metal Acetates as Building Blocks of Unusual Highly Porous Carbons,” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, 2023, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217808\">10.1002/anie.202217808</a>.","ama":"Li J, Kossmann J, Zeng K, et al. When High‐Temperature Cesium Chemistry Meets Self‐Templating: Metal Acetates as Building Blocks of Unusual Highly Porous Carbons. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Published online 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217808\">10.1002/anie.202217808</a>","short":"J. Li, J. Kossmann, K. Zeng, K. Zhang, B. Wang, C. Weinberger, M. Antonietti, M. Odziomek, N. López‐Salas, Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2023).","chicago":"Li, Jiaxin, Janina Kossmann, Ke Zeng, Kun Zhang, Bingjie Wang, Christian Weinberger, Markus Antonietti, Mateusz Odziomek, and Nieves López‐Salas. “When High‐Temperature Cesium Chemistry Meets Self‐Templating: Metal Acetates as Building Blocks of Unusual Highly Porous Carbons.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217808\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217808</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Li_Kossmann_Zeng_Zhang_Wang_Weinberger_Antonietti_Odziomek_López‐Salas_2023, title={When High‐Temperature Cesium Chemistry Meets Self‐Templating: Metal Acetates as Building Blocks of Unusual Highly Porous Carbons}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202217808\">10.1002/anie.202217808</a>}, journal={Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Li, Jiaxin and Kossmann, Janina and Zeng, Ke and Zhang, Kun and Wang, Bingjie and Weinberger, Christian and Antonietti, Markus and Odziomek, Mateusz and López‐Salas, Nieves}, year={2023} }"},"publication":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"}]