--- _id: '33392' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Abstract\r\n \r\n Context\r\n \ The effects of energy-balanced bed rest on metabolic flexibility have not been thoroughly examined.\r\n \r\n \ \r\n Objective\r\n \ We investigated the effects of 21 days of bed rest, with and without whey protein supplementation, on metabolic flexibility while maintaining energy balance. We hypothesized that protein supplementation mitigates metabolic inflexibility by preventing muscle atrophy.\r\n \r\n \ \r\n Design and Setting\r\n \ Randomized crossover longitudinal study conducted at the German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.\r\n \r\n \ \r\n Participants and Interventions\r\n \ Ten healthy men were randomly assigned to dietary countermeasure or isocaloric control diet during a 21-day bed rest.\r\n \r\n \ \r\n Outcome Measures\r\n \ Before and at the end of the bed rest, metabolic flexibility was assessed during a meal test. Secondary outcomes were glucose tolerance by oral glucose tolerance test, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, ectopic fat storage by magnetic resonance imaging, and inflammation and oxidative stress markers.\r\n \r\n \r\n \ Results\r\n Bed rest decreased the ability to switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation when transitioning from fasted to fed states (i.e., metabolic inflexibility), antioxidant capacity, fat-free mass (FFM), and muscle insulin sensitivity along with greater fat deposition in muscle (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Changes in fasting insulin and inflammation were not observed. However, glucose tolerance was reduced during acute overfeeding. Protein supplementation did not prevent FFM loss and metabolic alterations.\r\n \ \r\n \r\n Conclusions\r\n \ Physical inactivity triggers metabolic inflexibility, even when energy balance is maintained. Although reduced insulin sensitivity and increased fat deposition were observed at the muscle level, systemic glucose intolerance was detected only in response to a moderately high-fat meal. This finding supports the role of physical inactivity in metabolic inflexibility and suggests that metabolic inflexibility precedes systemic glucose intolerance.\r\n " author: - first_name: Floriane full_name: Rudwill, Floriane last_name: Rudwill - first_name: Donal full_name: O’Gorman, Donal last_name: O’Gorman - first_name: Etienne full_name: Lefai, Etienne last_name: Lefai - first_name: Isabelle full_name: Chery, Isabelle last_name: Chery - first_name: Alexandre full_name: Zahariev, Alexandre last_name: Zahariev - first_name: Sylvie full_name: Normand, Sylvie last_name: Normand - first_name: Allan F full_name: Pagano, Allan F last_name: Pagano - first_name: Angèle full_name: Chopard, Angèle last_name: Chopard - first_name: Anthony full_name: Damiot, Anthony last_name: Damiot - first_name: Claire full_name: Laurens, Claire last_name: Laurens - first_name: Leanne full_name: Hodson, Leanne last_name: Hodson - first_name: Emmanuelle full_name: Canet-Soulas, Emmanuelle last_name: Canet-Soulas - first_name: Martina full_name: Heer, Martina last_name: Heer - first_name: Petra Frings full_name: Meuthen, Petra Frings last_name: Meuthen - first_name: Judith full_name: Bühlmeier, Judith id: '89838' last_name: Bühlmeier - first_name: Natalie full_name: Baecker, Natalie last_name: Baecker - first_name: Laure full_name: Meiller, Laure last_name: Meiller - first_name: Guillemette full_name: Gauquelin-Koch, Guillemette last_name: Gauquelin-Koch - first_name: Stéphane full_name: Blanc, Stéphane last_name: Blanc - first_name: Chantal full_name: Simon, Chantal last_name: Simon - first_name: Audrey full_name: Bergouignan, Audrey last_name: Bergouignan citation: ama: Rudwill F, O’Gorman D, Lefai E, et al. Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest–Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism. 2018;103(5):1910-1920. doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02267 apa: Rudwill, F., O’Gorman, D., Lefai, E., Chery, I., Zahariev, A., Normand, S., Pagano, A. F., Chopard, A., Damiot, A., Laurens, C., Hodson, L., Canet-Soulas, E., Heer, M., Meuthen, P. F., Bühlmeier, J., Baecker, N., Meiller, L., Gauquelin-Koch, G., Blanc, S., … Bergouignan, A. (2018). Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest–Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, 103(5), 1910–1920. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-02267 bibtex: '@article{Rudwill_O’Gorman_Lefai_Chery_Zahariev_Normand_Pagano_Chopard_Damiot_Laurens_et al._2018, title={Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest–Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable}, volume={103}, DOI={10.1210/jc.2017-02267}, number={5}, journal={The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism}, publisher={The Endocrine Society}, author={Rudwill, Floriane and O’Gorman, Donal and Lefai, Etienne and Chery, Isabelle and Zahariev, Alexandre and Normand, Sylvie and Pagano, Allan F and Chopard, Angèle and Damiot, Anthony and Laurens, Claire and et al.}, year={2018}, pages={1910–1920} }' chicago: 'Rudwill, Floriane, Donal O’Gorman, Etienne Lefai, Isabelle Chery, Alexandre Zahariev, Sylvie Normand, Allan F Pagano, et al. “Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest–Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 103, no. 5 (2018): 1910–20. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-02267.' ieee: 'F. Rudwill et al., “Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest–Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 1910–1920, 2018, doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-02267.' mla: Rudwill, Floriane, et al. “Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest–Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, vol. 103, no. 5, The Endocrine Society, 2018, pp. 1910–20, doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02267. short: F. Rudwill, D. O’Gorman, E. Lefai, I. Chery, A. Zahariev, S. Normand, A.F. Pagano, A. Chopard, A. Damiot, C. Laurens, L. Hodson, E. Canet-Soulas, M. Heer, P.F. Meuthen, J. Bühlmeier, N. Baecker, L. Meiller, G. Gauquelin-Koch, S. Blanc, C. Simon, A. Bergouignan, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 103 (2018) 1910–1920. date_created: 2022-09-15T09:33:08Z date_updated: 2022-09-15T09:44:47Z doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-02267 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 103' issue: '5' keyword: - Biochemistry (medical) - Clinical Biochemistry - Endocrinology - Biochemistry - Endocrinology - Diabetes and Metabolism language: - iso: eng page: 1910-1920 publication: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-972X - 1945-7197 publication_status: published publisher: The Endocrine Society status: public title: Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest–Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable type: journal_article user_id: '89838' volume: 103 year: '2018' ... --- _id: '33399' author: - first_name: Judith full_name: Bühlmeier, Judith id: '89838' last_name: Bühlmeier - first_name: Petra full_name: Frings-Meuthen, Petra last_name: Frings-Meuthen - first_name: Thomas full_name: Remer, Thomas last_name: Remer - first_name: Christiane full_name: Maser-Gluth, Christiane last_name: Maser-Gluth - first_name: Peter full_name: Stehle, Peter last_name: Stehle - first_name: Gianni full_name: Biolo, Gianni last_name: Biolo - first_name: Martina full_name: Heer, Martina last_name: Heer citation: ama: 'Bühlmeier J, Frings-Meuthen P, Remer T, et al. Alkaline Salts to Counteract Bone Resorption and Protein Wasting Induced by High Salt Intake: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism. 2012;97(12):4789-4797. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2857' apa: 'Bühlmeier, J., Frings-Meuthen, P., Remer, T., Maser-Gluth, C., Stehle, P., Biolo, G., & Heer, M. (2012). Alkaline Salts to Counteract Bone Resorption and Protein Wasting Induced by High Salt Intake: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, 97(12), 4789–4797. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2857' bibtex: '@article{Bühlmeier_Frings-Meuthen_Remer_Maser-Gluth_Stehle_Biolo_Heer_2012, title={Alkaline Salts to Counteract Bone Resorption and Protein Wasting Induced by High Salt Intake: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial}, volume={97}, DOI={10.1210/jc.2012-2857}, number={12}, journal={The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism}, publisher={The Endocrine Society}, author={Bühlmeier, Judith and Frings-Meuthen, Petra and Remer, Thomas and Maser-Gluth, Christiane and Stehle, Peter and Biolo, Gianni and Heer, Martina}, year={2012}, pages={4789–4797} }' chicago: 'Bühlmeier, Judith, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Thomas Remer, Christiane Maser-Gluth, Peter Stehle, Gianni Biolo, and Martina Heer. “Alkaline Salts to Counteract Bone Resorption and Protein Wasting Induced by High Salt Intake: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 97, no. 12 (2012): 4789–97. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2857.' ieee: 'J. Bühlmeier et al., “Alkaline Salts to Counteract Bone Resorption and Protein Wasting Induced by High Salt Intake: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, vol. 97, no. 12, pp. 4789–4797, 2012, doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2857.' mla: 'Bühlmeier, Judith, et al. “Alkaline Salts to Counteract Bone Resorption and Protein Wasting Induced by High Salt Intake: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, vol. 97, no. 12, The Endocrine Society, 2012, pp. 4789–97, doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2857.' short: J. Bühlmeier, P. Frings-Meuthen, T. Remer, C. Maser-Gluth, P. Stehle, G. Biolo, M. Heer, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 97 (2012) 4789–4797. date_created: 2022-09-15T09:37:07Z date_updated: 2022-09-15T09:43:26Z doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2857 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 97' issue: '12' keyword: - Biochemistry (medical) - Clinical Biochemistry - Endocrinology - Biochemistry - Endocrinology - Diabetes and Metabolism language: - iso: eng page: 4789-4797 publication: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-972X - 1945-7197 publication_status: published publisher: The Endocrine Society status: public title: 'Alkaline Salts to Counteract Bone Resorption and Protein Wasting Induced by High Salt Intake: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial' type: journal_article user_id: '89838' volume: 97 year: '2012' ... --- _id: '34315' author: - first_name: Mohamed Z. full_name: Gad, Mohamed Z. last_name: Gad - first_name: Sally I. full_name: Hassanein, Sally I. last_name: Hassanein - first_name: Sahar M. full_name: Abdel-Maksoud, Sahar M. last_name: Abdel-Maksoud - first_name: Gamal M. full_name: Shaban, Gamal M. last_name: Shaban - first_name: Khaled full_name: Abou-Aisha, Khaled last_name: Abou-Aisha - first_name: Hossam full_name: Elgabarty, Hossam id: '60250' last_name: Elgabarty orcid: 0000-0002-4945-1481 citation: ama: Gad MZ, Hassanein SI, Abdel-Maksoud SM, Shaban GM, Abou-Aisha K, Elgabarty H. Assessment of serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine and<scp>l</scp>-arginine in coronary artery disease. Biomarkers. 2010;15(8):746-752. doi:10.3109/1354750x.2010.519784 apa: Gad, M. Z., Hassanein, S. I., Abdel-Maksoud, S. M., Shaban, G. M., Abou-Aisha, K., & Elgabarty, H. (2010). Assessment of serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine and<scp>l</scp>-arginine in coronary artery disease. Biomarkers, 15(8), 746–752. https://doi.org/10.3109/1354750x.2010.519784 bibtex: '@article{Gad_Hassanein_Abdel-Maksoud_Shaban_Abou-Aisha_Elgabarty_2010, title={Assessment of serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine and<scp>l</scp>-arginine in coronary artery disease}, volume={15}, DOI={10.3109/1354750x.2010.519784}, number={8}, journal={Biomarkers}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Gad, Mohamed Z. and Hassanein, Sally I. and Abdel-Maksoud, Sahar M. and Shaban, Gamal M. and Abou-Aisha, Khaled and Elgabarty, Hossam}, year={2010}, pages={746–752} }' chicago: 'Gad, Mohamed Z., Sally I. Hassanein, Sahar M. Abdel-Maksoud, Gamal M. Shaban, Khaled Abou-Aisha, and Hossam Elgabarty. “Assessment of Serum Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, Symmetric Dimethylarginine And<scp>l</Scp>-Arginine in Coronary Artery Disease.” Biomarkers 15, no. 8 (2010): 746–52. https://doi.org/10.3109/1354750x.2010.519784.' ieee: 'M. Z. Gad, S. I. Hassanein, S. M. Abdel-Maksoud, G. M. Shaban, K. Abou-Aisha, and H. Elgabarty, “Assessment of serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine and<scp>l</scp>-arginine in coronary artery disease,” Biomarkers, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 746–752, 2010, doi: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.519784.' mla: Gad, Mohamed Z., et al. “Assessment of Serum Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, Symmetric Dimethylarginine And<scp>l</Scp>-Arginine in Coronary Artery Disease.” Biomarkers, vol. 15, no. 8, Informa UK Limited, 2010, pp. 746–52, doi:10.3109/1354750x.2010.519784. short: M.Z. Gad, S.I. Hassanein, S.M. Abdel-Maksoud, G.M. Shaban, K. Abou-Aisha, H. Elgabarty, Biomarkers 15 (2010) 746–752. date_created: 2022-12-09T12:17:07Z date_updated: 2022-12-09T12:17:22Z doi: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.519784 intvolume: ' 15' issue: '8' keyword: - Health - Toxicology and Mutagenesis - Clinical Biochemistry - Biochemistry language: - iso: eng page: 746-752 publication: Biomarkers publication_identifier: issn: - 1354-750X - 1366-5804 publication_status: published publisher: Informa UK Limited status: public title: Assessment of serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine andl-arginine in coronary artery disease type: journal_article user_id: '60250' volume: 15 year: '2010' ...