@article{46213, author = {{Weber, Daniel and Schenke, Maximilian and Wallscheid, Oliver}}, issn = {{2169-3536}}, journal = {{IEEE Access}}, keywords = {{General Engineering, General Materials Science, General Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering}}, pages = {{76524--76536}}, publisher = {{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}}, title = {{{Steady-State Error Compensation for Reinforcement Learning-Based Control of Power Electronic Systems}}}, doi = {{10.1109/access.2023.3297274}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{45361, abstract = {{ The non-orthogonal local submatrix method applied to electronic structure–based molecular dynamics simulations is shown to exceed 1.1 EFLOP/s in FP16/FP32-mixed floating-point arithmetic when using 4400 NVIDIA A100 GPUs of the Perlmutter system. This is enabled by a modification of the original method that pushes the sustained fraction of the peak performance to about 80%. Example calculations are performed for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with up to 83 million atoms. }}, author = {{Schade, Robert and Kenter, Tobias and Elgabarty, Hossam and Lass, Michael and Kühne, Thomas and Plessl, Christian}}, issn = {{1094-3420}}, journal = {{The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications}}, keywords = {{Hardware and Architecture, Theoretical Computer Science, Software}}, publisher = {{SAGE Publications}}, title = {{{Breaking the exascale barrier for the electronic structure problem in ab-initio molecular dynamics}}}, doi = {{10.1177/10943420231177631}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{46517, author = {{Ahmed, Abdullah Fathi and Sherif, Mohamed Ahmed and Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga}}, issn = {{2169-3536}}, journal = {{IEEE Access}}, keywords = {{General Engineering, General Materials Science, General Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering}}, pages = {{1--1}}, publisher = {{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}}, title = {{{NELLIE: Never-Ending Linking for Linked Open Data}}}, doi = {{10.1109/access.2023.3300694}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{46543, abstract = {{The influence of nanoscale surface topography on protein adsorption is highly important for numerous applications in medicine and technology. Herein, ferritin adsorption at flat and nanofaceted, single-crystalline Al2O3 surfaces is investigated using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanofaceted surfaces are generated by the thermal annealing of Al2O3 wafers at temperatures above 1000 °C, which leads to the formation of faceted saw-tooth-like surface topographies with periodicities of about 160 nm and amplitudes of about 15 nm. Ferritin adsorption at these nanofaceted surfaces is notably suppressed compared to the flat surface at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, which is attributed to lower adsorption affinities of the newly formed facets. Consequently, adsorption is restricted mostly to the pattern grooves, where the proteins can maximize their contact area with the surface. However, this effect depends on the protein concentration, with an inverse trend being observed at 30 mg/mL. Furthermore, different ferritin adsorption behavior is observed at topographically similar nanofacet patterns fabricated at different annealing temperatures and attributed to different step and kink densities. These results demonstrate that while protein adsorption at solid surfaces can be notably affected by nanofacet patterns, fine-tuning protein adsorption in this way requires the precise control of facet properties.}}, author = {{Pothineni, Bhanu K. and Kollmann, Sabrina and Li, Xinyang and Grundmeier, Guido and Erb, Denise J. and Keller, Adrian}}, issn = {{1422-0067}}, journal = {{International Journal of Molecular Sciences}}, keywords = {{Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Computer Science Applications, Spectroscopy, Molecular Biology, General Medicine, Catalysis}}, number = {{16}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Adsorption of Ferritin at Nanofaceted Al2O3 Surfaces}}}, doi = {{10.3390/ijms241612808}}, volume = {{24}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{45458, author = {{Stieglitz, Stefan and Mirbabaie, Milad and Deubel, Annika and Braun, Lea-Marie and Kissmer, Tobias}}, issn = {{0268-4012}}, journal = {{International Journal of Information Management}}, keywords = {{Library and Information Sciences, Computer Networks and Communications, Information Systems}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{The potential of digital nudging to bridge the gap between environmental attitude and behavior in the usage of smart home applications}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102665}}, volume = {{72}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{44312, abstract = {{Zusammenfassung Aufgrund aktueller Transformationsprozesse kommt der automatisierten und ressourceneffizienten Fertigung hochfester Leichtbauteile eine steigende Bedeutung zu, beispielsweise im Flugzeug- und Fahrzeugbau. Für kleine Losgrößen bietet sich hier insbesondere das Fertigungsverfahren des Drückwalzens an. Der konventionelle, industriell genutzte Drückwalzprozess stößt allerdings aufgrund der Prozesskomplexität hinsichtlich der Reproduzierbarkeit an seine Grenzen. Dies wird in der Praxis teilweise durch personengebundenes Erfahrungswissen kompensiert. Auch ist es nicht möglich, Bauteileigenschaften definiert einzustellen. Aus diesem Grund bietet der Einsatz einer neuartigen Eigenschaftsregelung Chancen zur Weiterentwicklung des Fertigungsprozesses und die Möglichkeit zur Prozessautomatisierung. Hier werden die Werkzeugbahnen abhängig einer Online-Eigenschaftsmessung über eine zusätzliche Reglerkaskade manipuliert. Die Entwicklung einer solchen Eigenschaftsregelung erfordert den Einsatz geeigneter, modellbasierter Entwurfsmethoden. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein regelungstechnisches Systemmodell für das Drückwalzen metastabiler austenitischer Edelstähle vorgestellt. Das Simulationsmodell weist aufgrund seiner Echtzeitfähigkeit neben dem Einsatz als reines Entwurfsmodell weitere Nutzungsmöglichkeiten z.B. in Beobachtern auf und grenzt sich somit von domänenspezifischen Simulationstools wie der FEM ab.}}, author = {{Kersting, Lukas and Arian, Bahman and Rozo Vasquez, Julian and Trächtler, Ansgar and Homberg, Werner and Walther, Frank}}, issn = {{0178-2312}}, journal = {{at - Automatisierungstechnik}}, keywords = {{Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Computer Science Applications, Control and Systems Engineering}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{68--81}}, publisher = {{Walter de Gruyter GmbH}}, title = {{{Echtzeitfähige Modellierung eines innovativen Drückwalzprozesses für die eigenschaftsgeregelte Bauteilfertigung}}}, doi = {{10.1515/auto-2022-0106}}, volume = {{71}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{48678, abstract = {{Explanation has been identified as an important capability for AI-based systems, but research on systematic strategies for achieving understanding in interaction with such systems is still sparse. Negation is a linguistic strategy that is often used in explanations. It creates a contrast space between the affirmed and the negated item that enriches explaining processes with additional contextual information. While negation in human speech has been shown to lead to higher processing costs and worse task performance in terms of recall or action execution when used in isolation, it can decrease processing costs when used in context. So far, it has not been considered as a guiding strategy for explanations in human-robot interaction. We conducted an empirical study to investigate the use of negation as a guiding strategy in explanatory human-robot dialogue, in which a virtual robot explains tasks and possible actions to a human explainee to solve them in terms of gestures on a touchscreen. Our results show that negation vs. affirmation 1) increases processing costs measured as reaction time and 2) increases several aspects of task performance. While there was no significant effect of negation on the number of initially correctly executed gestures, we found a significantly lower number of attempts—measured as breaks in the finger movement data before the correct gesture was carried out—when being instructed through a negation. We further found that the gestures significantly resembled the presented prototype gesture more following an instruction with a negation as opposed to an affirmation. Also, the participants rated the benefit of contrastive vs. affirmative explanations significantly higher. Repeating the instructions decreased the effects of negation, yielding similar processing costs and task performance measures for negation and affirmation after several iterations. We discuss our results with respect to possible effects of negation on linguistic processing of explanations and limitations of our study.}}, author = {{Groß, André and Singh, Amit and Banh, Ngoc Chi and Richter, Birte and Scharlau, Ingrid and Rohlfing, Katharina J. and Wrede, Britta}}, issn = {{2296-9144}}, journal = {{Frontiers in Robotics and AI}}, keywords = {{Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science Applications}}, publisher = {{Frontiers Media SA}}, title = {{{Scaffolding the human partner by contrastive guidance in an explanatory human-robot dialogue}}}, doi = {{10.3389/frobt.2023.1236184}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{44081, author = {{Serino, Laura and Gil López, Jano and Stefszky, Michael and Ricken, Raimund and Eigner, Christof and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine}}, issn = {{2691-3399}}, journal = {{PRX Quantum}}, keywords = {{General Physics and Astronomy, Mathematical Physics, Applied Mathematics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, General Computer Science}}, number = {{2}}, publisher = {{American Physical Society (APS)}}, title = {{{Realization of a Multi-Output Quantum Pulse Gate for Decoding High-Dimensional Temporal Modes of Single-Photon States}}}, doi = {{10.1103/prxquantum.4.020306}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{47151, abstract = {{When it comes to mastering the digital world, the education system is more and more facing the task of making students competent and self-determined agents when interacting with digital artefacts. This task often falls to computing education. In the traditional fields of computing education, a plethora of models, guidelines, and principles exist, which help scholars and teachers identify what the relevant aspects are and which of them one should cover in the classroom. When it comes to explaining the world of digital artefacts, however, there is hardly any such guiding model. The ARIadne model introduced in this paper provides a means of explanation and exploration of digital artefacts which help teachers and students to do a subject analysis of digital artefacts by scrutinizing them from several perspectives. Instead of artificially separating aspects which target the same phenomena within different areas of education (like computing, ICT or media education), the model integrates technological aspects of digital artefacts and the relevant societal discourses of their usage, their impacts and the reasons behind their development into a coherent explanation model.}}, author = {{Winkelnkemper, Felix and Höper, Lukas and Schulte, Carsten}}, issn = {{1648-5831}}, journal = {{Informatics in Education}}, keywords = {{Computer Science Applications, Communication, Education, General Engineering}}, publisher = {{Vilnius University Press}}, title = {{{ARIadne – An Explanation Model for Digital Artefacts}}}, doi = {{10.15388/infedu.2024.09}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{48689, author = {{Niederhaus, Constanze and Prikoszovits, Matthias}}, issn = {{2198-2430}}, journal = {{Deutsch als Fremdsprache}}, keywords = {{Computer Science Applications, History, Education}}, number = {{2}}, publisher = {{Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co. KG}}, title = {{{DaF und DaZ im Kontext Deutsch für den Beruf: Schnittstellen und Divergenzen}}}, doi = {{10.37307/j.2198-2430.2023.02.02}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{50271, author = {{Gharibian, Sevag and Le Gall, François}}, issn = {{0097-5397}}, journal = {{SIAM Journal on Computing}}, keywords = {{General Mathematics, General Computer Science}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{1009--1038}}, publisher = {{Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM)}}, title = {{{Dequantizing the Quantum Singular Value Transformation: Hardness and Applications to Quantum Chemistry and the Quantum PCP Conjecture}}}, doi = {{10.1137/22m1513721}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2023}}, } @inproceedings{27506, abstract = {{Explainability for machine learning gets more and more important in high-stakes decisions like real estate appraisal. While traditional hedonic house pricing models are fed with hard information based on housing attributes, recently also soft information has been incorporated to increase the predictive performance. This soft information can be extracted from image data by complex models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, these are intransparent which excludes their use for high-stakes financial decisions. To overcome this limitation, we examine if a two-stage modeling approach can provide explainability. We combine visual interpretability by Regression Activation Maps (RAM) for the CNN and a linear regression for the overall prediction. Our experiments are based on 62.000 family homes in Philadelphia and the results indicate that the CNN learns aspects related to vegetation and quality aspects of the house from exterior images, improving the predictive accuracy of real estate appraisal by up to 5.4%.}}, author = {{Kucklick, Jan-Peter}}, booktitle = {{55th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-55)}}, keywords = {{Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), Regression Activation Maps, Real Estate Appraisal, Convolutional Block Attention Module, Computer Vision}}, location = {{Virtual}}, title = {{{Visual Interpretability of Image-based Real Estate Appraisal}}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{29843, author = {{Castenow, Jannik and Kling, Peter and Knollmann, Till and Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm}}, issn = {{0890-5401}}, journal = {{Information and Computation}}, keywords = {{Computational Theory and Mathematics, Computer Science Applications, Information Systems, Theoretical Computer Science}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{A Discrete and Continuous Study of the Max-Chain-Formation Problem}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.ic.2022.104877}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{30209, abstract = {{DNA origami technology enables the folding of DNA strands into complex nanoscale shapes whose properties and interactions with molecular species often deviate significantly from that of genomic DNA. Here, we investigate the salting-out of different DNA origami shapes by the kosmotropic salt ammonium sulfate that is routinely employed in protein precipitation. We find that centrifugation in the presence of 3 M ammonium sulfate results in notable precipitation of DNA origami nanostructures but not of double-stranded genomic DNA. The precipitated DNA origami nanostructures can be resuspended in ammonium sulfate-free buffer without apparent formation of aggregates or loss of structural integrity. Even though quasi-1D six-helix bundle DNA origami are slightly less susceptible toward salting-out than more compact DNA origami triangles and 24-helix bundles, precipitation and recovery yields appear to be mostly independent of DNA origami shape and superstructure. Exploiting the specificity of ammonium sulfate salting-out for DNA origami nanostructures, we further apply this method to separate DNA origami triangles from genomic DNA fragments in a complex mixture. Our results thus demonstrate the possibility of concentrating and purifying DNA origami nanostructures by ammonium sulfate-induced salting-out.}}, author = {{Hanke, Marcel and Hansen, Niklas and Chen, Ruiping and Grundmeier, Guido and Fahmy, Karim and Keller, Adrian}}, issn = {{1422-0067}}, journal = {{International Journal of Molecular Sciences}}, keywords = {{Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Computer Science Applications, Spectroscopy, Molecular Biology, General Medicine, Catalysis}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{2817}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Salting-Out of DNA Origami Nanostructures by Ammonium Sulfate}}}, doi = {{10.3390/ijms23052817}}, volume = {{23}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{31844, abstract = {{Encrypting data before sending it to the cloud ensures data confidentiality but requires the cloud to compute on encrypted data. Trusted execution environments, such as Intel SGX enclaves, promise to provide a secure environment in which data can be decrypted and then processed. However, vulnerabilities in the executed program give attackers ample opportunities to execute arbitrary code inside the enclave. This code can modify the dataflow of the program and leak secrets via SGX side channels. Fully homomorphic encryption would be an alternative to compute on encrypted data without data leaks. However, due to its high computational complexity, its applicability to general-purpose computing remains limited. Researchers have made several proposals for transforming programs to perform encrypted computations on less powerful encryption schemes. Yet current approaches do not support programs making control-flow decisions based on encrypted data. We introduce the concept of dataflow authentication (DFAuth) to enable such programs. DFAuth prevents an adversary from arbitrarily deviating from the dataflow of a program. Our technique hence offers protections against the side-channel attacks described previously. We implemented two flavors of DFAuth, a Java bytecode-to-bytecode compiler, and an SGX enclave running a small and program-independent trusted code base. We applied DFAuth to a neural network performing machine learning on sensitive medical data and a smart charging scheduler for electric vehicles. Our transformation yields a neural network with encrypted weights, which can be evaluated on encrypted inputs in \( 12.55 \,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s} \) . Our protected scheduler is capable of updating the encrypted charging plan in approximately 1.06 seconds. }}, author = {{Fischer, Andreas and Fuhry, Benny and Kußmaul, Jörn and Janneck, Jonas and Kerschbaum, Florian and Bodden, Eric}}, issn = {{2471-2566}}, journal = {{ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security}}, keywords = {{Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, General Computer Science}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{1--36}}, publisher = {{Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}}, title = {{{Computation on Encrypted Data Using Dataflow Authentication}}}, doi = {{10.1145/3513005}}, volume = {{25}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{32266, author = {{Hoppe, Julia Amelie and Melkas, Helinä and Pekkarinen, Satu and Tuisku, Outi and Hennala, Lea and Johansson-Pajala, Rose-Marie and Gustafsson, Christine and Thommes, Kirsten}}, issn = {{1044-7318}}, journal = {{International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction}}, keywords = {{Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Human Factors and Ergonomics}}, pages = {{1--17}}, publisher = {{Informa UK Limited}}, title = {{{Perception of Society’s Trust in Care Robots by Public Opinion Leaders}}}, doi = {{10.1080/10447318.2022.2081283}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{32267, author = {{Hoppe, Julia Amelie and Melkas, Helinä and Pekkarinen, Satu and Tuisku, Outi and Hennala, Lea and Johansson-Pajala, Rose-Marie and Gustafsson, Christine and Thommes, Kirsten}}, issn = {{1044-7318}}, journal = {{International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction}}, keywords = {{Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Human Factors and Ergonomics}}, pages = {{1--17}}, publisher = {{Informa UK Limited}}, title = {{{Perception of Society’s Trust in Care Robots by Public Opinion Leaders}}}, doi = {{10.1080/10447318.2022.2081283}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{32589, abstract = {{Guanidinium (Gdm) undergoes interactions with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups and, thus, is a highly potent denaturant of biomolecular structure. However, our molecular understanding of the interaction of Gdm with proteins and DNA is still rather limited. Here, we investigated the denaturation of DNA origami nanostructures by three Gdm salts, i.e., guanidinium chloride (GdmCl), guanidinium sulfate (Gdm2SO4), and guanidinium thiocyanate (GdmSCN), at different temperatures and in dependence of incubation time. Using DNA origami nanostructures as sensors that translate small molecular transitions into nanostructural changes, the denaturing effects of the Gdm salts were directly visualized by atomic force microscopy. GdmSCN was the most potent DNA denaturant, which caused complete DNA origami denaturation at 50 °C already at a concentration of 2 M. Under such harsh conditions, denaturation occurred within the first 15 min of Gdm exposure, whereas much slower kinetics were observed for the more weakly denaturing salt Gdm2SO4 at 25 °C. Lastly, we observed a novel non-monotonous temperature dependence of DNA origami denaturation in Gdm2SO4 with the fraction of intact nanostructures having an intermediate minimum at about 40 °C. Our results, thus, provide further insights into the highly complex Gdm–DNA interaction and underscore the importance of the counteranion species.}}, author = {{Hanke, Marcel and Hansen, Niklas and Tomm, Emilia and Grundmeier, Guido and Keller, Adrian}}, issn = {{1422-0067}}, journal = {{International Journal of Molecular Sciences}}, keywords = {{Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Computer Science Applications, Spectroscopy, Molecular Biology, General Medicine, Catalysis}}, number = {{15}}, pages = {{8547}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Time-Dependent DNA Origami Denaturation by Guanidinium Chloride, Guanidinium Sulfate, and Guanidinium Thiocyanate}}}, doi = {{10.3390/ijms23158547}}, volume = {{23}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{34223, abstract = {{In this study, quasi-unidirectional continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTs) are joined with metal sheets via cold formed cylindrical, elliptical and polygonal pin structures which are directly pressed into the CFRT component after local infrared heating. In comparison to already available studies, the unique novelty is the use of non-rotational symmetric pin structures for the CFRT/metal hybrid joining. Thus, a variation in the fiber orientation in the CFRT component as well as a variation in the non-rotational symmetric pins’ orientation in relation to the sample orientation is conducted. The created samples are consequently mechanically tested via single lap shear experiments in a quasi-static state. Finally, the failure behavior of the single lap shear samples is investigated with the help of microscopic images and detailed photographs. In the single lap shear tests, it could be shown that non-rotational symmetric pin structures lead to an increase in maximum testing forces of up to 74% when compared to cylindrical pins. However, when normalized to the pin foot print related joint strength, only one polygonal pin variation showed increased joint strength in comparison to cylindrical pin structures. The investigation of the failure behavior showed two distinct failure modes. The first failure mode was failure of the CFRT component due to an exceedance of the maximum bearing strength of the pin-hole leading to significant damage in the CFRT component. The second failure mode was pin-deflection due to the applied testing load and a subsequent pin extraction from the CFRT component resulting in significantly less visible damage in the CFRT component. Generally, CFRT failure is more likely with a fiber orientation of 0° in relation to the load direction while pin extraction typically occurs with a fiber orientation of 90°. It is assumed that for future investigations, pin structures with an undercutting shape that creates an interlocking joint could counteract the tendency for pin-extraction and consequently lead to increased maximum joint strengths.}}, author = {{Popp, Julian and Römisch, David and Merklein, Marion and Drummer, Dietmar}}, issn = {{2076-3417}}, journal = {{Applied Sciences}}, keywords = {{Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Computer Science Applications, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, Instrumentation, General Materials Science}}, number = {{10}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{{Joining of CFRT/Steel Hybrid Parts via Direct Pressing of Cold Formed Non-Rotational Symmetric Pin Structures}}}, doi = {{10.3390/app12104962}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{31479, author = {{Baswana, Surender and Gupta, Shiv and Knollmann, Till}}, issn = {{0178-4617}}, journal = {{Algorithmica}}, keywords = {{Applied Mathematics, Computer Science Applications, General Computer Science}}, publisher = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}}, title = {{{Mincut Sensitivity Data Structures for the Insertion of an Edge}}}, doi = {{10.1007/s00453-022-00978-0}}, year = {{2022}}, }