[{"doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"129850","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       289","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-01-23T12:53:26Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1359-4311"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Schumacher","full_name":"Schumacher, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Guevara-Carrion, Gabriela","last_name":"Guevara-Carrion","first_name":"Gabriela"},{"full_name":"Kasper, Tina","last_name":"Kasper","first_name":"Tina","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-5316 ","id":"94562"},{"id":"7828","first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Paul","full_name":"Paul, Andreas"},{"last_name":"Elsner","first_name":"Andreas","full_name":"Elsner, Andreas","id":"16124"},{"id":"62920","first_name":"Bettina","last_name":"Peters","full_name":"Peters, Bettina"},{"last_name":"Wollny","first_name":"Wenke","full_name":"Wollny, Wenke"},{"full_name":"Bluemel, Marcus","last_name":"Bluemel","first_name":"Marcus"},{"first_name":"Heike","last_name":"Hoelscher","full_name":"Hoelscher, Heike"},{"full_name":"Brzoska-Steinhaus, Nicola","last_name":"Brzoska-Steinhaus","first_name":"Nicola"},{"last_name":"Heil","first_name":"Klaus","full_name":"Heil, Klaus"},{"full_name":"Schleelein, Lukas","last_name":"Schleelein","first_name":"Lukas"},{"full_name":"Becker, Wolfgang","last_name":"Becker","first_name":"Wolfgang"},{"full_name":"Gries, Ulrich","last_name":"Gries","first_name":"Ulrich"},{"last_name":"Vrabec","first_name":"Jadran","full_name":"Vrabec, Jadran"}],"year":"2026","title":"Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity","department":[{"_id":"728"}],"type":"journal_article","keyword":["Polyurethane","Foam","Gas permeation","Diffusion models","Thermal conductivity","Condensation","Gas chromatography","Scanning electron microscopy"],"date_created":"2026-01-23T12:48:07Z","abstract":[{"text":"The aging behavior of closed-cell polyurethane (PUR) foam, a material widely used in household refrigeration, is studied by examining the variation of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity over time. Aging is primarily driven by gas permeation, wherein the initially present cell gases carbon dioxide and cyclopentane are progressively replaced by nitrogen and oxygen from the ambient, resulting in an increased thermal conductivity and reduced insulation performance. The cell gas composition is measured over 1400 days employing gas chromatography, and the thermal conductivity of the foam is measured over 190 days. Morphological foam characteristics, such as average cell diameter, are determined via scanning electron microscopy and barrier measurements are performed to estimate the effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen. To simulate the aging process, one-dimensional and three-dimensional models are developed for both diffusive mass transfer as well as heat transfer. The present model for the thermal conductivity explicitly accounts for condensation effects, i.e. partial condensation of cyclopentane and carbon dioxide occurring at around 12°C, which significantly influences the insulation behavior of the foam. Sensitivity analyses indicate that an initial cell gas pressure of approximately 0.7 bar yields results that closely coincide with the experimental measurements, where the three-dimensional model demonstrates better accuracy. These measurements and simulations provide valuable insights for evaluating and predicting the long-term degradation of the insulation performance of PUR foams.","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Applied Thermal Engineering","volume":289,"user_id":"7828","publisher":"Elsevier BV","_id":"63720","status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ieee":"D. Schumacher <i>et al.</i>, “Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity,” <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i>, vol. 289, Art. no. 129850, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>.","apa":"Schumacher, D., Guevara-Carrion, G., Kasper, T., Paul, A., Elsner, A., Peters, B., Wollny, W., Bluemel, M., Hoelscher, H., Brzoska-Steinhaus, N., Heil, K., Schleelein, L., Becker, W., Gries, U., &#38; Vrabec, J. (2026). Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity. <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i>, <i>289</i>, Article 129850. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>","mla":"Schumacher, Daniel, et al. “Aging of Polyurethane Foam: Experimental Analysis and Modeling of Cell Gas Composition and Thermal Conductivity.” <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i>, vol. 289, 129850, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Schumacher_Guevara-Carrion_Kasper_Paul_Elsner_Peters_Wollny_Bluemel_Hoelscher_Brzoska-Steinhaus_et al._2026, title={Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity}, volume={289}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>}, number={129850}, journal={Applied Thermal Engineering}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Schumacher, Daniel and Guevara-Carrion, Gabriela and Kasper, Tina and Paul, Andreas and Elsner, Andreas and Peters, Bettina and Wollny, Wenke and Bluemel, Marcus and Hoelscher, Heike and Brzoska-Steinhaus, Nicola and et al.}, year={2026} }","ama":"Schumacher D, Guevara-Carrion G, Kasper T, et al. Aging of polyurethane foam: Experimental analysis and modeling of cell gas composition and thermal conductivity. <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i>. 2026;289. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>","short":"D. Schumacher, G. Guevara-Carrion, T. Kasper, A. Paul, A. Elsner, B. Peters, W. Wollny, M. Bluemel, H. Hoelscher, N. Brzoska-Steinhaus, K. Heil, L. Schleelein, W. Becker, U. Gries, J. Vrabec, Applied Thermal Engineering 289 (2026).","chicago":"Schumacher, Daniel, Gabriela Guevara-Carrion, Tina Kasper, Andreas Paul, Andreas Elsner, Bettina Peters, Wenke Wollny, et al. “Aging of Polyurethane Foam: Experimental Analysis and Modeling of Cell Gas Composition and Thermal Conductivity.” <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i> 289 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129850</a>."}},{"citation":{"chicago":"Sablowski, Jakob, Julia Linnemann, Simone Hempel, Volker Hoffmann, Simon Unz, Michael Beckmann, and Lars Giebeler. “Electrodeposited Metal-Organic Framework Films as Self-Assembled Hierarchically Superstructured Supports for Stable Omniphobic Surface Coatings.” <i>Scientific Reports</i> 8, no. 1 (2018). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4</a>.","short":"J. Sablowski, J. Linnemann, S. Hempel, V. Hoffmann, S. Unz, M. Beckmann, L. Giebeler, Scientific Reports 8 (2018).","apa":"Sablowski, J., Linnemann, J., Hempel, S., Hoffmann, V., Unz, S., Beckmann, M., &#38; Giebeler, L. (2018). Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings. <i>Scientific Reports</i>, <i>8</i>(1), Article 15400. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4</a>","ieee":"J. Sablowski <i>et al.</i>, “Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings,” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 8, no. 1, Art. no. 15400, 2018, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4\">10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4</a>.","ama":"Sablowski J, Linnemann J, Hempel S, et al. Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. 2018;8(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4\">10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4</a>","bibtex":"@article{Sablowski_Linnemann_Hempel_Hoffmann_Unz_Beckmann_Giebeler_2018, title={Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings}, volume={8}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4\">10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4</a>}, number={115400}, journal={Scientific Reports}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Sablowski, Jakob and Linnemann, Julia and Hempel, Simone and Hoffmann, Volker and Unz, Simon and Beckmann, Michael and Giebeler, Lars}, year={2018} }","mla":"Sablowski, Jakob, et al. “Electrodeposited Metal-Organic Framework Films as Self-Assembled Hierarchically Superstructured Supports for Stable Omniphobic Surface Coatings.” <i>Scientific Reports</i>, vol. 8, no. 1, 15400, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4\">10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1","oa":"1","status":"public","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","_id":"62809","user_id":"116779","volume":8,"issue":"1","publication":"Scientific Reports","extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Superhierarchically rough films are rapidly synthesised on metal substrates via electrochemically triggered self-assembly of meso/macroporous-structured metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals. These coatings are applied to immobilise a functional oil with low surface energy to provide stable coatings repellent to a wide range of hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic fluids. Such omniphobic surfaces are highly interesting for several applications such as anti-fouling, anti-icing, and dropwise condensation, and become easily scalable with the presented bottom-up fabrication approach. As investigated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), the presented perfluorinated oil-infused Cu-BTC coating constitutes of a flat liquid-covered surface with protruding edges of octahedral superstructured MOF crystals. Water and non-polar diiodomethane droplets form considerably high contact angles and even low-surface-tension fluids, e.g. acetone, form droplets on the infused coating. The repellent properties towards the test fluids do not change upon extended water spraying in contrast to oil-infused porous copper oxide or native copper surfaces. It is discussed in detail, how the presented electrodeposited MOF films grow and provide a proficient surface morphology to stabilise the functional oil film due to hemiwicking.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-12-03T15:48:43Z","keyword":["electrodeposition","metal-organic framework","MOF","drop-wise condensation","omniphobic coatings"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"985"}],"year":"2018","title":"Electrodeposited metal-organic framework films as self-assembled hierarchically superstructured supports for stable omniphobic surface coatings","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2045-2322"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Sablowski","first_name":"Jakob","full_name":"Sablowski, Jakob"},{"id":"116779","orcid":"0000-0001-6883-5424","first_name":"Julia","last_name":"Linnemann","full_name":"Linnemann, Julia"},{"full_name":"Hempel, Simone","first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Hempel"},{"full_name":"Hoffmann, Volker","last_name":"Hoffmann","first_name":"Volker"},{"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Unz","full_name":"Unz, Simon"},{"last_name":"Beckmann","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Beckmann, Michael"},{"full_name":"Giebeler, Lars","last_name":"Giebeler","first_name":"Lars"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-12-03T16:34:02Z","article_type":"original","intvolume":"         8","article_number":"15400","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-33542-4"}]