[{"has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"inpress","citation":{"ieee":"C. Breidbach, C. F. Lars-Erik, P. Maglio, D. Beverungen, J. Wirtz, and A. Twigg, “Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service,” <i>Journal of Service Management</i>.","chicago":"Breidbach, Christoph, Casper Ferm Lars-Erik, Paul Maglio, Daniel Beverungen, Jochen Wirtz, and Alex Twigg. “Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service.” <i>Journal of Service Management</i>, n.d.","ama":"Breidbach C, Lars-Erik CF, Maglio P, Beverungen D, Wirtz J, Twigg A. Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service. <i>Journal of Service Management</i>.","short":"C. Breidbach, C.F. Lars-Erik, P. Maglio, D. Beverungen, J. Wirtz, A. Twigg, Journal of Service Management (n.d.).","mla":"Breidbach, Christoph, et al. “Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service.” <i>Journal of Service Management</i>, Emerald.","bibtex":"@article{Breidbach_Lars-Erik_Maglio_Beverungen_Wirtz_Twigg, title={Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service}, journal={Journal of Service Management}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Breidbach, Christoph and Lars-Erik, Casper Ferm and Maglio, Paul and Beverungen, Daniel and Wirtz, Jochen and Twigg, Alex} }","apa":"Breidbach, C., Lars-Erik, C. F., Maglio, P., Beverungen, D., Wirtz, J., &#38; Twigg, A. (n.d.). Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service. <i>Journal of Service Management</i>."},"year":"2025","author":[{"full_name":"Breidbach, Christoph","last_name":"Breidbach","first_name":"Christoph"},{"full_name":"Lars-Erik, Casper Ferm","last_name":"Lars-Erik","first_name":"Casper Ferm"},{"last_name":"Maglio","full_name":"Maglio, Paul","first_name":"Paul"},{"last_name":"Beverungen","id":"59677","full_name":"Beverungen, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Wirtz","full_name":"Wirtz, Jochen","first_name":"Jochen"},{"full_name":"Twigg, Alex","last_name":"Twigg","first_name":"Alex"}],"date_created":"2025-09-23T11:47:47Z","publisher":"Emerald","date_updated":"2025-11-10T10:22:59Z","title":"Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service","publication":"Journal of Service Management","type":"journal_article","status":"public","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2025-11-10T10:20:48Z","date_created":"2025-11-10T10:20:48Z","creator":"dabe","file_size":743479,"access_level":"closed","file_id":"62150","file_name":"Breidbach et al, 2025_Conscious AI in Service_w link.pdf"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze, and explain the implications that could\r\narise for service settings if AI systems develop, or are perceived to develop, consciousness – the\r\nability to acknowledge their own existence and the capacity for positive or negative experiences.\r\n\r\nDesign/methodology/approach: This study proposes and explores four hypothetical scenarios in\r\nwhich conscious AI in service could manifest. We contextualize our resulting typology in the\r\nhealth service context and integrate extant literature on technology-enabled service, AI\r\nconsciousness, and AI ethics into the narrative.\r\n\r\nFindings: This study provides a unique theoretical contribution to service research in the form of\r\na Type IV theory. It enables future service researchers to apprehend, explain, and predict how\r\nfunctionally conscious AI in service might unfold.\r\n\r\nOriginality: An increasingly prolific public discourse acknowledges that conscious AI systems\r\nmay emerge. Against this backdrop, this study aims to systematically explore a question that is\r\nperhaps the most critical and timely, but also inherently speculative, in relation to AI in service\r\nresearch by introducing much-needed theory and terminology.\r\n\r\nPractical implications: The ethical use of conscious AI in service could emerge as a distinct\r\ncompetitive advantage in the future. Achieving this outcome involves speculative yet actionable\r\nrecommendations that include training, guiding, and controlling how humans engage with such\r\nsystems, developing appropriate wellbeing protocols for functionally conscious AI systems, and\r\nestablishing AI rights and governance frameworks."}],"department":[{"_id":"195"}],"user_id":"59677","_id":"61410","file_date_updated":"2025-11-10T10:20:48Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["AI","AI consciousness","AI ethics","service systems"],"article_type":"original","ddc":["380"]},{"type":"journal_article","status":"public","user_id":"42165","department":[{"_id":"424"}],"_id":"6091","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1895-1171"]},"citation":{"ama":"Ansorge U, Horstmann G, Scharlau I. Top-down contingent feature-specific orienting with and without awareness of the visual input. <i>Advances in Cognitive Psychology</i>. 2011;7(2):108-119.","chicago":"Ansorge, Ulrich, Gernot Horstmann, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Top-down Contingent Feature-Specific Orienting with and without Awareness of the Visual Input.” <i>Advances in Cognitive Psychology</i> 7, no. 2 (2011): 108–19.","ieee":"U. Ansorge, G. Horstmann, and I. Scharlau, “Top-down contingent feature-specific orienting with and without awareness of the visual input.,” <i>Advances in Cognitive Psychology</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 108–119, 2011.","apa":"Ansorge, U., Horstmann, G., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2011). Top-down contingent feature-specific orienting with and without awareness of the visual input. <i>Advances in Cognitive Psychology</i>, <i>7</i>(2), 108–119.","mla":"Ansorge, Ulrich, et al. “Top-down Contingent Feature-Specific Orienting with and without Awareness of the Visual Input.” <i>Advances in Cognitive Psychology</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, 2011, pp. 108–19.","bibtex":"@article{Ansorge_Horstmann_Scharlau_2011, title={Top-down contingent feature-specific orienting with and without awareness of the visual input.}, volume={7}, number={2}, journal={Advances in Cognitive Psychology}, author={Ansorge, Ulrich and Horstmann, Gernot and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2011}, pages={108–119} }","short":"U. Ansorge, G. Horstmann, I. Scharlau, Advances in Cognitive Psychology 7 (2011) 108–119."},"intvolume":"         7","page":"108 - 119","author":[{"first_name":"Ulrich","full_name":"Ansorge, Ulrich","last_name":"Ansorge"},{"full_name":"Horstmann, Gernot","last_name":"Horstmann","first_name":"Gernot"},{"first_name":"Ingrid","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","id":"451"}],"volume":7,"date_updated":"2022-06-07T00:15:30Z","oa":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/fakultaet/Institute/psychologie/Kognitive_Psychologie/Publikationen/Ansorge_Horstmann_Scharlau_ACP_21072011.pdf","open_access":"1"}],"publication":"Advances in Cognitive Psychology","abstract":[{"text":"In the present article, the role of endogenous feature-specific orienting for conscious and unconscious vision is reviewed. We start with an overview of orienting. We proceed with a review of masking research, and the definition of the criteria of experimental protocols that demonstrate endogenous and exogenous orienting, respectively. Against this background of criteria, we assess studies of unconscious orienting and come to the conclusion that so far studies of unconscious orienting demonstrated endogenous feature-specific orienting. The review closes with a discussion of the role of unconscious orienting in action control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)","lang":"eng"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"keyword":["visual input","awareness","conscious","orientation","visual perception","Awareness","Consciousness States","Perceptual Orientation","Visual Perception","Blindsight"],"issue":"2","year":"2011","date_created":"2018-12-10T07:08:22Z","title":"Top-down contingent feature-specific orienting with and without awareness of the visual input."},{"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0001-6918"]},"issue":"2","year":"2006","citation":{"ama":"Scharlau I, Ansorge U, Horstmann G. Latency facilitation in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type. <i>Acta Psychologica</i>. 2006;122(2):129-159.","ieee":"I. Scharlau, U. Ansorge, and G. Horstmann, “Latency facilitation in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type.,” <i>Acta Psychologica</i>, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 129–159, 2006.","chicago":"Scharlau, Ingrid, Ulrich Ansorge, and Gernot Horstmann. “Latency Facilitation in Temporal-Order Judgments: Time Course of Facilitation as a Function of Judgment Type.” <i>Acta Psychologica</i> 122, no. 2 (2006): 129–59.","apa":"Scharlau, I., Ansorge, U., &#38; Horstmann, G. (2006). Latency facilitation in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type. <i>Acta Psychologica</i>, <i>122</i>(2), 129–159.","mla":"Scharlau, Ingrid, et al. “Latency Facilitation in Temporal-Order Judgments: Time Course of Facilitation as a Function of Judgment Type.” <i>Acta Psychologica</i>, vol. 122, no. 2, 2006, pp. 129–59.","bibtex":"@article{Scharlau_Ansorge_Horstmann_2006, title={Latency facilitation in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type.}, volume={122}, number={2}, journal={Acta Psychologica}, author={Scharlau, Ingrid and Ansorge, Ulrich and Horstmann, Gernot}, year={2006}, pages={129–159} }","short":"I. Scharlau, U. Ansorge, G. Horstmann, Acta Psychologica 122 (2006) 129–159."},"page":"129 - 159","intvolume":"       122","oa":"1","date_updated":"2022-06-07T00:24:32Z","date_created":"2018-12-10T07:04:39Z","author":[{"full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid","id":"451","last_name":"Scharlau","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","first_name":"Ingrid"},{"first_name":"Ulrich","full_name":"Ansorge, Ulrich","last_name":"Ansorge"},{"first_name":"Gernot","full_name":"Horstmann, Gernot","last_name":"Horstmann"}],"volume":122,"title":"Latency facilitation in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type.","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/fakultaet/Institute/psychologie/Kognitive_Psychologie/Publikationen/ScharlauAnsorgeHorstmann2006TimeCourse.pdf"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Acta Psychologica","abstract":[{"text":"The paper is concerned with two models of early visual processing which predict that priming of a visual mask by a preceding masked stimulus speeds up conscious perception of the mask (perceptual latency priming). One model ascribes this speed-up to facilitation by visuo-spatial attention [Scharlau, I., & Neumann, O. (2003a). Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional explanation. Psychological Research 67, 184-197], the other attributes it to nonspecific upgrading mediated by retino-thalamic and thalamo-cortical pathways [Bachmann, T. (1994). Psychophysiology of visual masking: The fine structure of conscious experience. Commack, NY: Nova Science Publishers]. The models make different predictions about the time course of perceptual latency priming. Four experiments test these predictions. The results provide more support for the attentional than for the upgrading model. The experiments further demonstrate that testing latency facilitation w","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","_id":"6073","user_id":"42165","department":[{"_id":"424"}],"keyword":["latency facilitation","temporal order judgments","visual processing","priming","conscious perception","visual mask","Adult","Attention","Female","Humans","Judgment","Male","Perceptual Masking","Reaction Time","Space Perception","Time Perception","Visual Perception","Consciousness States","Judgment","Priming","Visual Masking","Temporal Order (Judgment)"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1"},{"_id":"6072","user_id":"42165","department":[{"_id":"424"}],"extern":"1","type":"journal_article","status":"public","date_updated":"2022-06-06T20:13:20Z","author":[{"first_name":"Ulrich","last_name":"Ansorge","full_name":"Ansorge, Ulrich"},{"last_name":"Heumann","full_name":"Heumann, Manfred","first_name":"Manfred"},{"first_name":"Ingrid","orcid":"0000-0003-2364-9489","last_name":"Scharlau","id":"451","full_name":"Scharlau, Ingrid"}],"volume":11,"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1053-8100"]},"citation":{"ama":"Ansorge U, Heumann M, Scharlau I. Influences of visibility, intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing task. <i>Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal</i>. 2002;11(4):528-545.","chicago":"Ansorge, Ulrich, Manfred Heumann, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Influences of Visibility, Intentions, and Probability in a Peripheral Cuing Task.” <i>Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal</i> 11, no. 4 (2002): 528–45.","ieee":"U. Ansorge, M. Heumann, and I. Scharlau, “Influences of visibility, intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing task.,” <i>Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 528–545, 2002.","apa":"Ansorge, U., Heumann, M., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2002). Influences of visibility, intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing task. <i>Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal</i>, <i>11</i>(4), 528–545.","bibtex":"@article{Ansorge_Heumann_Scharlau_2002, title={Influences of visibility, intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing task.}, volume={11}, number={4}, journal={Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal}, author={Ansorge, Ulrich and Heumann, Manfred and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2002}, pages={528–545} }","short":"U. Ansorge, M. Heumann, I. Scharlau, Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal 11 (2002) 528–545.","mla":"Ansorge, Ulrich, et al. “Influences of Visibility, Intentions, and Probability in a Peripheral Cuing Task.” <i>Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, 2002, pp. 528–45."},"intvolume":"        11","page":"528 - 545","keyword":["active intentions","cues","direct parameter specification","nonconscious processing ability","Adult","Consciousness","Female","Humans","Male","Mental Processes","Perceptual Masking","Photic Stimulation","Visual Perception","Awareness","Cognitive Processes","Cues","Intention","Consciousness States","Probability"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"According to the concept of direct parameter specification, nonconsciously registered information can be processed to the extent that it matches currently active intentions of a person. This prediction was tested and confirmed in the current study. Masked visual information provided by peripheral cues led to reaction time (RT) effects only if the information specified one of the required responses (Experiments 1 and 3). Information delivered by the same masked cues that did not match the intentions was not used. However, the same information influenced RT if it was provided by visible cues (Experiments 2 and 3). The results suggest that the processing of nonconsciously registered information is flexible because it is susceptible to the changing intentions of a person. Yet, these processes are apparently restricted as nonconsciously registered information cannot be used as easily for purposes not corresponding to the currently active intentions as better visible information. (PsycINFO "}],"date_created":"2018-12-10T07:04:28Z","title":"Influences of visibility, intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing task.","issue":"4","year":"2002"}]