---
_id: '61410'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze, and explain the
    implications that could\r\narise for service settings if AI systems develop, or
    are perceived to develop, consciousness – the\r\nability to acknowledge their
    own existence and the capacity for positive or negative experiences.\r\n\r\nDesign/methodology/approach:
    This study proposes and explores four hypothetical scenarios in\r\nwhich conscious
    AI in service could manifest. We contextualize our resulting typology in the\r\nhealth
    service context and integrate extant literature on technology-enabled service,
    AI\r\nconsciousness, and AI ethics into the narrative.\r\n\r\nFindings: This study
    provides a unique theoretical contribution to service research in the form of\r\na
    Type IV theory. It enables future service researchers to apprehend, explain, and
    predict how\r\nfunctionally conscious AI in service might unfold.\r\n\r\nOriginality:
    An increasingly prolific public discourse acknowledges that conscious AI systems\r\nmay
    emerge. Against this backdrop, this study aims to systematically explore a question
    that is\r\nperhaps the most critical and timely, but also inherently speculative,
    in relation to AI in service\r\nresearch by introducing much-needed theory and
    terminology.\r\n\r\nPractical implications: The ethical use of conscious AI in
    service could emerge as a distinct\r\ncompetitive advantage in the future. Achieving
    this outcome involves speculative yet actionable\r\nrecommendations that include
    training, guiding, and controlling how humans engage with such\r\nsystems, developing
    appropriate wellbeing protocols for functionally conscious AI systems, and\r\nestablishing
    AI rights and governance frameworks."
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Breidbach, Christoph
  last_name: Breidbach
- first_name: Casper Ferm
  full_name: Lars-Erik, Casper Ferm
  last_name: Lars-Erik
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Maglio, Paul
  last_name: Maglio
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Beverungen, Daniel
  id: '59677'
  last_name: Beverungen
- first_name: Jochen
  full_name: Wirtz, Jochen
  last_name: Wirtz
- first_name: Alex
  full_name: Twigg, Alex
  last_name: Twigg
citation:
  ama: Breidbach C, Lars-Erik CF, Maglio P, Beverungen D, Wirtz J, Twigg A. Conscious
    Artificial Intelligence in Service. <i>Journal of Service Management</i>.
  apa: Breidbach, C., Lars-Erik, C. F., Maglio, P., Beverungen, D., Wirtz, J., &#38;
    Twigg, A. (n.d.). Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service. <i>Journal of
    Service Management</i>.
  bibtex: '@article{Breidbach_Lars-Erik_Maglio_Beverungen_Wirtz_Twigg, title={Conscious
    Artificial Intelligence in Service}, journal={Journal of Service Management},
    publisher={Emerald}, author={Breidbach, Christoph and Lars-Erik, Casper Ferm and
    Maglio, Paul and Beverungen, Daniel and Wirtz, Jochen and Twigg, Alex} }'
  chicago: Breidbach, Christoph, Casper Ferm Lars-Erik, Paul Maglio, Daniel Beverungen,
    Jochen Wirtz, and Alex Twigg. “Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service.”
    <i>Journal of Service Management</i>, n.d.
  ieee: C. Breidbach, C. F. Lars-Erik, P. Maglio, D. Beverungen, J. Wirtz, and A.
    Twigg, “Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service,” <i>Journal of Service Management</i>.
  mla: Breidbach, Christoph, et al. “Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service.”
    <i>Journal of Service Management</i>, Emerald.
  short: C. Breidbach, C.F. Lars-Erik, P. Maglio, D. Beverungen, J. Wirtz, A. Twigg,
    Journal of Service Management (n.d.).
date_created: 2025-09-23T11:47:47Z
date_updated: 2025-11-10T10:22:59Z
ddc:
- '380'
department:
- _id: '195'
file:
- access_level: closed
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dabe
  date_created: 2025-11-10T10:20:48Z
  date_updated: 2025-11-10T10:20:48Z
  file_id: '62150'
  file_name: Breidbach et al, 2025_Conscious AI in Service_w link.pdf
  file_size: 743479
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2025-11-10T10:20:48Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- AI
- AI consciousness
- AI ethics
- service systems
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Journal of Service Management
publication_status: inpress
publisher: Emerald
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Conscious Artificial Intelligence in Service
type: journal_article
user_id: '59677'
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '6091'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In the present article, the role of endogenous feature-specific orienting
    for conscious and unconscious vision is reviewed. We start with an overview of
    orienting. We proceed with a review of masking research, and the definition of
    the criteria of experimental protocols that demonstrate endogenous and exogenous
    orienting, respectively. Against this background of criteria, we assess studies
    of unconscious orienting and come to the conclusion that so far studies of unconscious
    orienting demonstrated endogenous feature-specific orienting. The review closes
    with a discussion of the role of unconscious orienting in action control. (PsycINFO
    Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
author:
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Ansorge, Ulrich
  last_name: Ansorge
- first_name: Gernot
  full_name: Horstmann, Gernot
  last_name: Horstmann
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
  ama: Ansorge U, Horstmann G, Scharlau I. Top-down contingent feature-specific orienting
    with and without awareness of the visual input. <i>Advances in Cognitive Psychology</i>.
    2011;7(2):108-119.
  apa: Ansorge, U., Horstmann, G., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2011). Top-down contingent
    feature-specific orienting with and without awareness of the visual input. <i>Advances
    in Cognitive Psychology</i>, <i>7</i>(2), 108–119.
  bibtex: '@article{Ansorge_Horstmann_Scharlau_2011, title={Top-down contingent feature-specific
    orienting with and without awareness of the visual input.}, volume={7}, number={2},
    journal={Advances in Cognitive Psychology}, author={Ansorge, Ulrich and Horstmann,
    Gernot and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2011}, pages={108–119} }'
  chicago: 'Ansorge, Ulrich, Gernot Horstmann, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Top-down Contingent
    Feature-Specific Orienting with and without Awareness of the Visual Input.” <i>Advances
    in Cognitive Psychology</i> 7, no. 2 (2011): 108–19.'
  ieee: U. Ansorge, G. Horstmann, and I. Scharlau, “Top-down contingent feature-specific
    orienting with and without awareness of the visual input.,” <i>Advances in Cognitive
    Psychology</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 108–119, 2011.
  mla: Ansorge, Ulrich, et al. “Top-down Contingent Feature-Specific Orienting with
    and without Awareness of the Visual Input.” <i>Advances in Cognitive Psychology</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 2, 2011, pp. 108–19.
  short: U. Ansorge, G. Horstmann, I. Scharlau, Advances in Cognitive Psychology 7
    (2011) 108–119.
date_created: 2018-12-10T07:08:22Z
date_updated: 2022-06-07T00:15:30Z
department:
- _id: '424'
intvolume: '         7'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- visual input
- awareness
- conscious
- orientation
- visual perception
- Awareness
- Consciousness States
- Perceptual Orientation
- Visual Perception
- Blindsight
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/fakultaet/Institute/psychologie/Kognitive_Psychologie/Publikationen/Ansorge_Horstmann_Scharlau_ACP_21072011.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 108 - 119
publication: Advances in Cognitive Psychology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1895-1171
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Top-down contingent feature-specific orienting with and without awareness of
  the visual input.
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
volume: 7
year: '2011'
...
---
_id: '6073'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The paper is concerned with two models of early visual processing which predict
    that priming of a visual mask by a preceding masked stimulus speeds up conscious
    perception of the mask (perceptual latency priming). One model ascribes this speed-up
    to facilitation by visuo-spatial attention [Scharlau, I., & Neumann, O. (2003a).
    Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional
    explanation. Psychological Research 67, 184-197], the other attributes it to nonspecific
    upgrading mediated by retino-thalamic and thalamo-cortical pathways [Bachmann,
    T. (1994). Psychophysiology of visual masking: The fine structure of conscious
    experience. Commack, NY: Nova Science Publishers]. The models make different predictions
    about the time course of perceptual latency priming. Four experiments test these
    predictions. The results provide more support for the attentional than for the
    upgrading model. The experiments further demonstrate that testing latency facilitation
    w'
author:
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Ansorge, Ulrich
  last_name: Ansorge
- first_name: Gernot
  full_name: Horstmann, Gernot
  last_name: Horstmann
citation:
  ama: 'Scharlau I, Ansorge U, Horstmann G. Latency facilitation in temporal-order
    judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type. <i>Acta
    Psychologica</i>. 2006;122(2):129-159.'
  apa: 'Scharlau, I., Ansorge, U., &#38; Horstmann, G. (2006). Latency facilitation
    in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment
    type. <i>Acta Psychologica</i>, <i>122</i>(2), 129–159.'
  bibtex: '@article{Scharlau_Ansorge_Horstmann_2006, title={Latency facilitation in
    temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment
    type.}, volume={122}, number={2}, journal={Acta Psychologica}, author={Scharlau,
    Ingrid and Ansorge, Ulrich and Horstmann, Gernot}, year={2006}, pages={129–159}
    }'
  chicago: 'Scharlau, Ingrid, Ulrich Ansorge, and Gernot Horstmann. “Latency Facilitation
    in Temporal-Order Judgments: Time Course of Facilitation as a Function of Judgment
    Type.” <i>Acta Psychologica</i> 122, no. 2 (2006): 129–59.'
  ieee: 'I. Scharlau, U. Ansorge, and G. Horstmann, “Latency facilitation in temporal-order
    judgments: Time course of facilitation as a function of judgment type.,” <i>Acta
    Psychologica</i>, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 129–159, 2006.'
  mla: 'Scharlau, Ingrid, et al. “Latency Facilitation in Temporal-Order Judgments:
    Time Course of Facilitation as a Function of Judgment Type.” <i>Acta Psychologica</i>,
    vol. 122, no. 2, 2006, pp. 129–59.'
  short: I. Scharlau, U. Ansorge, G. Horstmann, Acta Psychologica 122 (2006) 129–159.
date_created: 2018-12-10T07:04:39Z
date_updated: 2022-06-07T00:24:32Z
department:
- _id: '424'
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       122'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- latency facilitation
- temporal order judgments
- visual processing
- priming
- conscious perception
- visual mask
- Adult
- Attention
- Female
- Humans
- Judgment
- Male
- Perceptual Masking
- Reaction Time
- Space Perception
- Time Perception
- Visual Perception
- Consciousness States
- Judgment
- Priming
- Visual Masking
- Temporal Order (Judgment)
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://kw.uni-paderborn.de/fileadmin/fakultaet/Institute/psychologie/Kognitive_Psychologie/Publikationen/ScharlauAnsorgeHorstmann2006TimeCourse.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 129 - 159
publication: Acta Psychologica
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0001-6918
publication_status: published
status: public
title: 'Latency facilitation in temporal-order judgments: Time course of facilitation
  as a function of judgment type.'
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
volume: 122
year: '2006'
...
---
_id: '6072'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'According to the concept of direct parameter specification, nonconsciously
    registered information can be processed to the extent that it matches currently
    active intentions of a person. This prediction was tested and confirmed in the
    current study. Masked visual information provided by peripheral cues led to reaction
    time (RT) effects only if the information specified one of the required responses
    (Experiments 1 and 3). Information delivered by the same masked cues that did
    not match the intentions was not used. However, the same information influenced
    RT if it was provided by visible cues (Experiments 2 and 3). The results suggest
    that the processing of nonconsciously registered information is flexible because
    it is susceptible to the changing intentions of a person. Yet, these processes
    are apparently restricted as nonconsciously registered information cannot be used
    as easily for purposes not corresponding to the currently active intentions as
    better visible information. (PsycINFO '
author:
- first_name: Ulrich
  full_name: Ansorge, Ulrich
  last_name: Ansorge
- first_name: Manfred
  full_name: Heumann, Manfred
  last_name: Heumann
- first_name: Ingrid
  full_name: Scharlau, Ingrid
  id: '451'
  last_name: Scharlau
  orcid: 0000-0003-2364-9489
citation:
  ama: 'Ansorge U, Heumann M, Scharlau I. Influences of visibility, intentions, and
    probability in a peripheral cuing task. <i>Consciousness and Cognition: An International
    Journal</i>. 2002;11(4):528-545.'
  apa: 'Ansorge, U., Heumann, M., &#38; Scharlau, I. (2002). Influences of visibility,
    intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing task. <i>Consciousness and Cognition:
    An International Journal</i>, <i>11</i>(4), 528–545.'
  bibtex: '@article{Ansorge_Heumann_Scharlau_2002, title={Influences of visibility,
    intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing task.}, volume={11}, number={4},
    journal={Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal}, author={Ansorge,
    Ulrich and Heumann, Manfred and Scharlau, Ingrid}, year={2002}, pages={528–545}
    }'
  chicago: 'Ansorge, Ulrich, Manfred Heumann, and Ingrid Scharlau. “Influences of
    Visibility, Intentions, and Probability in a Peripheral Cuing Task.” <i>Consciousness
    and Cognition: An International Journal</i> 11, no. 4 (2002): 528–45.'
  ieee: 'U. Ansorge, M. Heumann, and I. Scharlau, “Influences of visibility, intentions,
    and probability in a peripheral cuing task.,” <i>Consciousness and Cognition:
    An International Journal</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 528–545, 2002.'
  mla: 'Ansorge, Ulrich, et al. “Influences of Visibility, Intentions, and Probability
    in a Peripheral Cuing Task.” <i>Consciousness and Cognition: An International
    Journal</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, 2002, pp. 528–45.'
  short: 'U. Ansorge, M. Heumann, I. Scharlau, Consciousness and Cognition: An International
    Journal 11 (2002) 528–545.'
date_created: 2018-12-10T07:04:28Z
date_updated: 2022-06-06T20:13:20Z
department:
- _id: '424'
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- active intentions
- cues
- direct parameter specification
- nonconscious processing ability
- Adult
- Consciousness
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mental Processes
- Perceptual Masking
- Photic Stimulation
- Visual Perception
- Awareness
- Cognitive Processes
- Cues
- Intention
- Consciousness States
- Probability
language:
- iso: eng
page: 528 - 545
publication: 'Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1053-8100
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Influences of visibility, intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing
  task.
type: journal_article
user_id: '42165'
volume: 11
year: '2002'
...