---
_id: '17216'
author:
- first_name: Katrin Solveig
  full_name: Lohan, Katrin Solveig
  last_name: Lohan
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Karola
  full_name: Pitsch, Karola
  last_name: Pitsch
- first_name: Joe
  full_name: Saunders, Joe
  last_name: Saunders
- first_name: Hagen
  full_name: Lehmann, Hagen
  last_name: Lehmann
- first_name: Chrystopher L.
  full_name: Nehaniv, Chrystopher L.
  last_name: Nehaniv
- first_name: Kerstin
  full_name: Fischer, Kerstin
  last_name: Fischer
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Wrede, Britta
  last_name: Wrede
citation:
  ama: 'Lohan KS, Rohlfing K, Pitsch K, et al. Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature
    set and evaluating it in a robotic system. <i>International Journal of Social
    Robotics</i>. 2012;4(2):131-146. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8">10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8</a>'
  apa: 'Lohan, K. S., Rohlfing, K., Pitsch, K., Saunders, J., Lehmann, H., Nehaniv,
    C. L., Fischer, K., &#38; Wrede, B. (2012). Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature
    set and evaluating it in a robotic system. <i>International Journal of Social
    Robotics</i>, <i>4</i>(2), 131–146. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Lohan_Rohlfing_Pitsch_Saunders_Lehmann_Nehaniv_Fischer_Wrede_2012,
    title={Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature set and evaluating it in a robotic system},
    volume={4}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8">10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8</a>},
    number={2}, journal={International Journal of Social Robotics}, publisher={Springer
    Science + Business Media}, author={Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Rohlfing, Katharina
    and Pitsch, Karola and Saunders, Joe and Lehmann, Hagen and Nehaniv, Chrystopher
    L. and Fischer, Kerstin and Wrede, Britta}, year={2012}, pages={131–146} }'
  chicago: 'Lohan, Katrin Solveig, Katharina Rohlfing, Karola Pitsch, Joe Saunders,
    Hagen Lehmann, Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, Kerstin Fischer, and Britta Wrede. “Tutor
    Spotter: Proposing a Feature Set and Evaluating It in a Robotic System.” <i>International
    Journal of Social Robotics</i> 4, no. 2 (2012): 131–46. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. S. Lohan <i>et al.</i>, “Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature set and evaluating
    it in a robotic system,” <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>, vol.
    4, no. 2, pp. 131–146, 2012, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8">10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8</a>.'
  mla: 'Lohan, Katrin Solveig, et al. “Tutor Spotter: Proposing a Feature Set and
    Evaluating It in a Robotic System.” <i>International Journal of Social Robotics</i>,
    vol. 4, no. 2, Springer Science + Business Media, 2012, pp. 131–46, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8">10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8</a>.'
  short: K.S. Lohan, K. Rohlfing, K. Pitsch, J. Saunders, H. Lehmann, C.L. Nehaniv,
    K. Fischer, B. Wrede, International Journal of Social Robotics 4 (2012) 131–146.
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:01:37Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T16:18:22Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1007/s12369-011-0125-8
intvolume: '         4'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Social Robots
- Contingency
language:
- iso: eng
page: 131-146
publication: International Journal of Social Robotics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1875-4805
publisher: Springer Science + Business Media
status: public
title: 'Tutor spotter: Proposing a feature set and evaluating it in a robotic system'
type: journal_article
user_id: '14931'
volume: 4
year: '2012'
...
---
_id: '17257'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In developmental research, tutoring behavior has been identified as scaffolding
    infants’ learning processes. It has been defined in terms of child-directed speech
    (Motherese), child-directed motion (Motionese), and contingency. Contingency describes
    situations in which two agents socially interact with each other and Csibra and
    Gergely showed that contingency is a char- acteristic aspect of social interaction
    [3]. In the field of developmental robotics, research often assumes that in human-robot
    interaction (HRI), robots are treated similar to infants, because their immature
    cognitive capabilities benefit from this behavior. Here we present results con-
    cerning the acceptance of a robotic agent in a social learning scenario obtained
    via comparison to adults and 8-11 months old infants in equal conditions. These
    results constitute an important empirical basis for making use of tutoring behavior
    in social robotics. Our results reveal significant differences between Adult-Child
    Interaction (ACI), Adult-Adult Interaction (AAI) and Adult-Robot Interaction (ARI)
    in eye gaze behavior suggesting that contingency is impaired in the analyzed ARI
    situation.
author:
- first_name: Katrin Solveig
  full_name: Lohan, Katrin Solveig
  last_name: Lohan
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Wrede, Britta
  last_name: Wrede
citation:
  ama: 'Lohan KS, Rohlfing K, Wrede B. Analysing the effect of contingency in tutoring
    situations. In: ; 2009.'
  apa: Lohan, K. S., Rohlfing, K., &#38; Wrede, B. (2009). <i>Analysing the effect
    of contingency in tutoring situations</i>.
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Lohan_Rohlfing_Wrede_2009, title={Analysing the effect of
    contingency in tutoring situations}, author={Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Rohlfing,
    Katharina and Wrede, Britta}, year={2009} }'
  chicago: Lohan, Katrin Solveig, Katharina Rohlfing, and Britta Wrede. “Analysing
    the Effect of Contingency in Tutoring Situations,” 2009.
  ieee: K. S. Lohan, K. Rohlfing, and B. Wrede, “Analysing the effect of contingency
    in tutoring situations,” 2009.
  mla: Lohan, Katrin Solveig, et al. <i>Analysing the Effect of Contingency in Tutoring
    Situations</i>. 2009.
  short: 'K.S. Lohan, K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, in: 2009.'
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:02:25Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T13:01:51Z
department:
- _id: '749'
keyword:
- Eyegaze
- tutoring situations
- Contingency
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: Analysing the effect of contingency in tutoring situations
type: conference
user_id: '14931'
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '17264'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In developmental research, tutoring behavior has been identified as scaffolding
    infants’ learning processes. Infants seem sensitive to tutoring situations and
    they detect these by ostensive cues [4]. Some social signals such as eye-gaze,
    child-directed speech (Motherese), child-directed motion (Motionese), and contingency
    have been shown to serve as ostensive cues. The concept of contingency describes
    exchanges in which two agents interact with each other reciprocally. Csibra and
    Gergely argued that contingency is a characteristic ostensive stimulus of a tutoring
    situation [4]. In order for a robot to be treated similar to an infant, it has
    to both, be sensitive to the ostensive stimuli on the one hand and induce tutoring
    behavior by its feedback about its capabilities on the other hand. In this paper,
    we raise the question whether a robot can be treated similar to an infant in an
    interaction. We present results concerning the acceptance of a robotic agent in
    a social learning scenario, which we obtained via comparison to interactions with
    8-11 months old infants and adults in equal conditions. We applied measurements
    for motion modifications (Motionese) and eye-gaze behavior. Our results reveal
    significant differences between Adult-Child Interaction (ACI), Adult-Adult Interaction
    (AAI) and Adult- Robot Interaction (ARI) suggesting that in ARI, robotdirected
    tutoring behavior is even more accentuated in terms of Motionese, but contingent
    responsivity is impaired. Our results confirm previous findings [14] concerning
    the differences between ACI, AAI, and ARI and constitute an important empirical
    basis for making use of ostensive stimuli as social signals for tutoring behavior
    in social robotics.
author:
- first_name: Katrin Solveig
  full_name: Lohan, Katrin Solveig
  last_name: Lohan
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
  full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
  last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Jannik
  full_name: Fritsch, Jannik
  last_name: Fritsch
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Wrede, Britta
  last_name: Wrede
citation:
  ama: 'Lohan KS, Vollmer A-L, Fritsch J, Rohlfing K, Wrede B. Which ostensive stimuli
    can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring situations? In: <i>IEEE
    International Workshop on Social Signal Processing</i>. International Computer
    Science Institute; 2009. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>'
  apa: Lohan, K. S., Vollmer, A.-L., Fritsch, J., Rohlfing, K., &#38; Wrede, B. (2009).
    Which ostensive stimuli can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring
    situations? <i>IEEE International Workshop on Social Signal Processing</i>. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Lohan_Vollmer_Fritsch_Rohlfing_Wrede_2009, title={Which
    ostensive stimuli can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring situations?},
    DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>},
    booktitle={IEEE International Workshop on Social Signal Processing}, publisher={International
    Computer Science Institute}, author={Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
    and Fritsch, Jannik and Rohlfing, Katharina and Wrede, Britta}, year={2009} }'
  chicago: Lohan, Katrin Solveig, Anna-Lisa Vollmer, Jannik Fritsch, Katharina Rohlfing,
    and Britta Wrede. “Which Ostensive Stimuli Can Be Used for a Robot to Detect and
    Maintain Tutoring Situations?” In <i>IEEE International Workshop on Social Signal
    Processing</i>. International Computer Science Institute, 2009. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>.
  ieee: 'K. S. Lohan, A.-L. Vollmer, J. Fritsch, K. Rohlfing, and B. Wrede, “Which
    ostensive stimuli can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring situations?,”
    2009, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>.'
  mla: Lohan, Katrin Solveig, et al. “Which Ostensive Stimuli Can Be Used for a Robot
    to Detect and Maintain Tutoring Situations?” <i>IEEE International Workshop on
    Social Signal Processing</i>, International Computer Science Institute, 2009,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/acii.2009.5349507">10.1109/acii.2009.5349507</a>.
  short: 'K.S. Lohan, A.-L. Vollmer, J. Fritsch, K. Rohlfing, B. Wrede, in: IEEE International
    Workshop on Social Signal Processing, International Computer Science Institute,
    2009.'
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:02:33Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T13:04:03Z
department:
- _id: '749'
doi: 10.1109/acii.2009.5349507
keyword:
- Ostensive Signals
- Contingency
- Motionese
- hri
language:
- iso: eng
publication: IEEE International Workshop on Social Signal Processing
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781424448005'
publisher: International Computer Science Institute
status: public
title: Which ostensive stimuli can be used for a robot to detect and maintain tutoring
  situations?
type: conference
user_id: '14931'
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '17270'
author:
- first_name: Anna-Lisa
  full_name: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
  last_name: Vollmer
- first_name: Katrin Solveig
  full_name: Lohan, Katrin Solveig
  last_name: Lohan
- first_name: Jannik
  full_name: Fritsch, Jannik
  last_name: Fritsch
- first_name: Britta
  full_name: Wrede, Britta
  last_name: Wrede
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
  id: '50352'
  last_name: Rohlfing
citation:
  ama: 'Vollmer A-L, Lohan KS, Fritsch J, Wrede B, Rohlfing K. Which Motionese Parameters
    Change with Children’s Age? In: ; 2009.'
  apa: Vollmer, A.-L., Lohan, K. S., Fritsch, J., Wrede, B., &#38; Rohlfing, K. (2009).
    <i>Which Motionese Parameters Change with Children’s Age?</i>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{Vollmer_Lohan_Fritsch_Wrede_Rohlfing_2009, title={Which
    Motionese Parameters Change with Children’s Age?}, author={Vollmer, Anna-Lisa
    and Lohan, Katrin Solveig and Fritsch, Jannik and Wrede, Britta and Rohlfing,
    Katharina}, year={2009} }'
  chicago: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, Katrin Solveig Lohan, Jannik Fritsch, Britta Wrede,
    and Katharina Rohlfing. “Which Motionese Parameters Change with Children’s Age?,”
    2009.
  ieee: A.-L. Vollmer, K. S. Lohan, J. Fritsch, B. Wrede, and K. Rohlfing, “Which
    Motionese Parameters Change with Children’s Age?,” 2009.
  mla: Vollmer, Anna-Lisa, et al. <i>Which Motionese Parameters Change with Children’s
    Age?</i> 2009.
  short: 'A.-L. Vollmer, K.S. Lohan, J. Fritsch, B. Wrede, K. Rohlfing, in: 2009.'
date_created: 2020-06-24T13:02:40Z
date_updated: 2023-02-01T13:06:07Z
department:
- _id: '749'
keyword:
- Contingency
- Motionese
language:
- iso: eng
status: public
title: Which Motionese Parameters Change with Children’s Age?
type: conference
user_id: '14931'
year: '2009'
...