TY - CONF AB - Several positioning tasks demand translatory drive instead of rotary motion. To achieve drives that are capable e.g. to drive the sunroof of a car or to lift a car's window, multiple miniaturized motors can be combined. But in this case many other questions arise: the electromechanical behavior of the individual motors differs slightly, the motor characteristics are strongly dependent on the driving parameters and the driven load, many applications need some extra power for special cases like overcoming higher forces periodically. Thus, the bundle of motors has to act well organized and controlled to get an optimized drive that is not oversized and costly. AU - Hemsel, Tobias AU - Mracek, Maik AU - Wallaschek, Jörg AU - Vasiljev, Piotr ID - 9519 IS - Vol.2 KW - drives KW - electromechanical effects KW - linear motors KW - ultrasonic motors KW - car sunroof KW - car window KW - electromechanical behavior KW - high power ultrasonic linear motors KW - multiple miniaturized motors KW - positioning tasks KW - translatory drive KW - Costs KW - Electromagnetic forces KW - Frequency KW - Laboratories KW - Manufacturing KW - Mechatronics KW - Micromotors KW - Ultrasonic imaging KW - Vibrations KW - Voltage SN - 1051-0117 T2 - Ultrasonics Symposium, 2004 IEEE TI - A novel approach for high power ultrasonic linear motors VL - 2 ER - TY - CONF AB - Piezoelectric transformers are well known since the publication of some patent applications at the end of the 1950s. But until today their only business use lies in the field of backlighting systems for LCDs. Due to key features as light-weight, flatness, high step-up at low volume and high efficiency piezoelectric transformers should be usable in a much broader range of applications. This contribution returns to mind their operating principle, shows how to model and to develop such devices as well as give some aspects for development trends that will lead to further applications. AU - Hemsel, Tobias AU - Littmann, Walter AU - Wallaschek, Jörg ID - 8926 IS - vol.1 KW - piezoelectric devices KW - reviews KW - transformers KW - backlighting systems KW - flatness KW - high efficiency piezoelectric transformers KW - high step-up KW - light-weight KW - low volume KW - operating principle KW - piezoelectric transformers KW - Circuits KW - Costs KW - Electromagnetic devices KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - Mechanical energy KW - Piezoelectric materials KW - Power electronics KW - Switching frequency KW - Transformers KW - Vibrations SN - 1051-0117 T2 - Ultrasonics Symposium, 2002. Proceedings. 2002 IEEE TI - Piezoelectric transformers - state of the art and development trends VL - 1 ER - TY - CONF AB - Investigates the integration of an interactive constraint solver into an existing 2D real-time animation environment in order to achieve a better observability, traceability and stability of the individual graphical objects. We present two approaches for assigning constraints to the objects. The first approach assigns constraints to the objects when they are created, keeping them stable during their entire life-time. The second approach dynamically changes constraints before the computation of each frame. The investigation is based on our practical experience with the complete visual programming language Pictorial Janus and the parallel constraint solver Parcon. AU - Griebel, P. AU - Lehrenfeld, Georg AU - Müller, Wolfgang AU - Tahedl, C. AU - Uhr, H. ID - 39521 KW - Animation KW - Layout KW - Computer languages KW - Visualization KW - Observability KW - Stability KW - Runtime KW - Costs KW - Graphics KW - Hardware SN - 0-8186-7508-X T2 - Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages TI - Integrating a Constraint Solver into a Real-Time Animation Environment ER - TY - CONF AB - The main goal of the article is to evaluate the suitability of visual programming languages, i.e., Pictorial Janus (K. Kahn and V. Saraswat, 1990), for the modeling of complex systems and their control strategies. These systems can be seen as networks of communicating objects. Objects select strategies for suitable actions based on incoming messages. Our field of investigation is in computer integrated manufacturing considering the example of a car manufacturing cell. This color sorting assembly buffer (CSAB) schedules jobs in queues. The jobs represent car bodies scheduled in feeder lines for the enameling. Feeder lines collect raw bodies to blocks. Blocks are bodies which are to be enameled by the same color. This organization decreases the cost of expensive change-over-times when changing colors at the enamelling. Blocks of bodies are dislocated from the queue and enameled successively. Contradictory system goals, such as minimizing color changes and preserving the sequence of incoming jobs, have to be regarded by appropriate control strategies. Due to the complexity of this (NP complete) problem and to real time requirements for online control there are no optimal strategies on hand. Consequently, suitable heuristics have to be developed. Often they are designed applying a trial-and-error method. A modeling framework has to support the rapid prototyping of these systems as well as an expressive end user oriented representation. Both are essential requirements since end users need other visualization techniques than experienced designers due to their different knowledge and interests. AU - Geiger, Christian AU - Hunstock, R. AU - Lehrenfeld, Georg AU - Müller, Wolfgang AU - Quintanilla, J. AU - Tahedl, C. AU - Weber, A. ID - 39526 KW - Computer integrated manufacturing KW - Job shop scheduling KW - Processor scheduling KW - Computer languages KW - Control system synthesis KW - Computer aided manufacturing KW - Sorting KW - Assembly KW - Costs KW - Control systems SN - 0-8186-7508-X T2 - Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages TI - Visual Modeling and 3D-Representation with a Complete Visual Programming Language --- A Case Study in Manufacturing ER -