---
_id: '63838'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Industrial electrification is increasing to reduce fossil fuel dependence,
alongside a growing share of volatile renewables.\r\nA secure and reliable energy
supply is crucial for industry, leading to a shift from centralised to decentralised
grid structures.\r\nDC microgrids becoming increasingly popular in industry, since
they enable energy recuperation from braking, reduce components and cables, and
integrate storage and local generation to manage supply interruptions or peak
loads.\r\nEVs add further synergies by serving as mobile storage units, helping
to store and redistribute locally generated renewable energy.\r\nThis paper analyses
how EV integration in droop-controlled DC grids can contribute to a more stable,
low-emission and peak-reduced load profile to the supply grid through load shifting
and bridge interruptions.\r\nA droop-controlled DC grid model has been developed,
incorporating an EV charging park based on probability functions.\r\nScalable
scenarios allow for diverse condition analysis using an energy management system
that utilises fuzzy logic and sequential MILP optimisation.\r\nIt has been shown
that a 7% improvement of coefficient represented grid-serving behaviour is possible
by load shifting.\r\nIt has also been demonstrated that an optimised EMS can reduce
the demand-based CO2 emissions by 41kg for a representative day compared to a
fuzzy logic EMS.\r\nAt the same time peak load is decreased yielding a more constant
residual load.\r\nThese results highlight the potential of a controlled bidirectional
charging infrastructure in DC grids and underscore the need to explicitly consider
charging processes to ensure a residual load as constant as possible."
article_number: '100227'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Henning Christoph
full_name: Rahlf, Henning Christoph
id: '56955'
last_name: Rahlf
orcid: 0009-0006-8106-2132
- first_name: Lukas
full_name: Knorr, Lukas
id: '90391'
last_name: Knorr
orcid: 0009-0005-4727-7511
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Althoff, Simon
last_name: Althoff
- first_name: Henning
full_name: Meschede, Henning
id: '86954'
last_name: Meschede
orcid: 0000-0002-1538-089X
citation:
ama: Rahlf HC, Knorr L, Althoff S, Meschede H. Analysis of bidirectional EV charging
infrastructures within industrial DC grids. Smart Energy. Published online
2026. doi:10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227
apa: Rahlf, H. C., Knorr, L., Althoff, S., & Meschede, H. (2026). Analysis of
bidirectional EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids. Smart
Energy, Article 100227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227
bibtex: '@article{Rahlf_Knorr_Althoff_Meschede_2026, title={Analysis of bidirectional
EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids}, DOI={10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227},
number={100227}, journal={Smart Energy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rahlf,
Henning Christoph and Knorr, Lukas and Althoff, Simon and Meschede, Henning},
year={2026} }'
chicago: Rahlf, Henning Christoph, Lukas Knorr, Simon Althoff, and Henning Meschede.
“Analysis of Bidirectional EV Charging Infrastructures within Industrial DC Grids.”
Smart Energy, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227.
ieee: 'H. C. Rahlf, L. Knorr, S. Althoff, and H. Meschede, “Analysis of bidirectional
EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids,” Smart Energy,
Art. no. 100227, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227.'
mla: Rahlf, Henning Christoph, et al. “Analysis of Bidirectional EV Charging Infrastructures
within Industrial DC Grids.” Smart Energy, 100227, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227.
short: H.C. Rahlf, L. Knorr, S. Althoff, H. Meschede, Smart Energy (2026).
date_created: 2026-02-02T14:45:17Z
date_updated: 2026-02-03T12:58:44Z
department:
- _id: '644'
doi: 10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227
keyword:
- DC-grid
- Droop control
- Grid-serving behaviour
- Grid stability
- Bidirectional charging
- Sequential decision
- MILP optimisation
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Smart Energy
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2666-9552
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Analysis of bidirectional EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC
grids
type: journal_article
user_id: '56955'
year: '2026'
...
---
_id: '59805'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The LLC converter achieves the highest efficiency in resonant operation. Conventionally,
the input DC-link voltage is controlled to operate the LLC converter at resonance
for the given operating point. However, the DC-link capacitor voltage shows a
low-frequency voltage ripple (typically the second harmonic of grid frequency)
in cascaded converters so that the LLC has to adapt its switching frequency within
the grid period. Conventionally, the LLC converter operates 50% of the time above
the resonant frequency of 40 kHz and 50% below resonance. Both operating conditions
cause additional losses. However, experimental measurements indicate that the
below-resonance operation causes significantly higher losses than above-resonance
operation due to much higher primary and secondary transformer currents. It is
better to increase the DC-link voltage by 30% of the peak-to-peak low-frequency
voltage ripple to mostly avoid below-resonance operation (i.e., from 650 V to
680 V in this case). With the proposed control, the LLC converter operates about
75% of time over resonance and only 25% of time below resonance. The overall efficiency
increases from 97.66% to 97.7% for the average operating point with an 80% load
current. This corresponds to a 2% total loss reduction. Finally, the peak resonance
capacitor voltage decreases from 910 V to 790 V (−13%).
article_number: '1517'
author:
- first_name: Roland
full_name: Unruh, Roland
id: '34289'
last_name: Unruh
- first_name: Joachim
full_name: Böcker, Joachim
id: '66'
last_name: Böcker
orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
- first_name: Frank
full_name: Schafmeister, Frank
id: '71291'
last_name: Schafmeister
citation:
ama: Unruh R, Böcker J, Schafmeister F. Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22
kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple. Electronics.
2025;14(8). doi:10.3390/electronics14081517
apa: Unruh, R., Böcker, J., & Schafmeister, F. (2025). Adaptive DC-Link Voltage
Control for 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage
Ripple. Electronics, 14(8), Article 1517. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517
bibtex: '@article{Unruh_Böcker_Schafmeister_2025, title={Adaptive DC-Link Voltage
Control for 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage
Ripple}, volume={14}, DOI={10.3390/electronics14081517},
number={81517}, journal={Electronics}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Unruh, Roland
and Böcker, Joachim and Schafmeister, Frank}, year={2025} }'
chicago: Unruh, Roland, Joachim Böcker, and Frank Schafmeister. “Adaptive DC-Link
Voltage Control for 22 KW, 40 KHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency
Voltage Ripple.” Electronics 14, no. 8 (2025). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14081517.
ieee: 'R. Unruh, J. Böcker, and F. Schafmeister, “Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control
for 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple,”
Electronics, vol. 14, no. 8, Art. no. 1517, 2025, doi: 10.3390/electronics14081517.'
mla: Unruh, Roland, et al. “Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22 KW, 40 KHz LLC
Resonant Converter Considering Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple.” Electronics,
vol. 14, no. 8, 1517, MDPI AG, 2025, doi:10.3390/electronics14081517.
short: R. Unruh, J. Böcker, F. Schafmeister, Electronics 14 (2025).
date_created: 2025-05-05T12:27:39Z
date_updated: 2025-05-05T12:34:00Z
department:
- _id: '52'
doi: 10.3390/electronics14081517
intvolume: ' 14'
issue: '8'
keyword:
- adaptive DC-link voltage
- cascaded H-bridge
- resonant operation
- Full-Bridge Converter
- loss minimization
- LLC Resonant Converter
- peak capacitor voltage reduction
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/8/1517
publication: Electronics
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2079-9292
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI AG
status: public
title: Adaptive DC-Link Voltage Control for 22 kW, 40 kHz LLC Resonant Converter Considering
Low-Frequency Voltage Ripple
type: journal_article
user_id: '34289'
volume: 14
year: '2025'
...
---
_id: '50649'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The energy turnaround and the shift towards sustainable mobility threaten
the stability of European energy distribution grids due to substantially increasing
load fluctuations and power demand. These challenges can critically impact assets
in the distribution grid—e.g., switchgears—intensifying the need to plan, conduct,
and manage the maintenance of such assets. Predictive maintenance strategies that
analyze assets' current and historical condition data have been discussed as promising
approaches toward that end. However, the extant research focuses on designing
and improving analytical algorithms or information technology (IT) artifacts while
not considering how a maintenance service is cocreated by companies with IT. This
research article posits that IT and service must be aligned closely, presenting
an ensemble artifact comprising a digital industrial platform and a smart service
system for predictive maintenance on the distribution grid. The artifact is evaluated
by conducting a willingness-to-pay analysis with asset operators, documenting
their demand for condition monitoring and predictive maintenance as an integrated
solution, although they still struggle with even getting the condition data of
their assets. Building on these results, we formalize the knowledge in the form
of design principles and implications for managing the maintenance of critical
assets in the distribution grid.
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Philipp
full_name: zur Heiden, Philipp
id: '64394'
last_name: zur Heiden
- first_name: Jennifer
full_name: Priefer, Jennifer
id: '82872'
last_name: Priefer
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Beverungen, Daniel
id: '59677'
last_name: Beverungen
citation:
ama: zur Heiden P, Priefer J, Beverungen D. Predictive Maintenance on the Energy
Distribution Grid—Design and Evaluation of a Digital Industrial Platform in the
Context of a Smart Service System. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.
2024;71:3641-3655. doi:10.1109/tem.2024.3352819
apa: zur Heiden, P., Priefer, J., & Beverungen, D. (2024). Predictive Maintenance
on the Energy Distribution Grid—Design and Evaluation of a Digital Industrial
Platform in the Context of a Smart Service System. IEEE Transactions on Engineering
Management, 71, 3641–3655. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2024.3352819
bibtex: '@article{zur Heiden_Priefer_Beverungen_2024, title={Predictive Maintenance
on the Energy Distribution Grid—Design and Evaluation of a Digital Industrial
Platform in the Context of a Smart Service System}, volume={71}, DOI={10.1109/tem.2024.3352819},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management}, publisher={Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={zur Heiden, Philipp and
Priefer, Jennifer and Beverungen, Daniel}, year={2024}, pages={3641–3655} }'
chicago: 'Heiden, Philipp zur, Jennifer Priefer, and Daniel Beverungen. “Predictive
Maintenance on the Energy Distribution Grid—Design and Evaluation of a Digital
Industrial Platform in the Context of a Smart Service System.” IEEE Transactions
on Engineering Management 71 (2024): 3641–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2024.3352819.'
ieee: 'P. zur Heiden, J. Priefer, and D. Beverungen, “Predictive Maintenance on
the Energy Distribution Grid—Design and Evaluation of a Digital Industrial Platform
in the Context of a Smart Service System,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering
Management, vol. 71, pp. 3641–3655, 2024, doi: 10.1109/tem.2024.3352819.'
mla: zur Heiden, Philipp, et al. “Predictive Maintenance on the Energy Distribution
Grid—Design and Evaluation of a Digital Industrial Platform in the Context of
a Smart Service System.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol.
71, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024, pp. 3641–55,
doi:10.1109/tem.2024.3352819.
short: P. zur Heiden, J. Priefer, D. Beverungen, IEEE Transactions on Engineering
Management 71 (2024) 3641–3655.
date_created: 2024-01-19T11:47:56Z
date_updated: 2024-11-11T09:50:34Z
ddc:
- '620'
doi: 10.1109/tem.2024.3352819
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dabe
date_created: 2024-04-18T12:26:27Z
date_updated: 2024-04-18T12:26:27Z
file_id: '53570'
file_name: Predictive_Maintenance_on_the_Energy_Distribution_GridDesign_and_Evaluation_of_a_Digital_Industrial_Platform_in_the_Context_of_a_Smart_Service_System.pdf
file_size: 4070804
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-04-18T12:26:27Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 71'
keyword:
- Design science research
- digital platform
- distribution grid
- IS design
- predictive maintenance
- smart services
language:
- iso: eng
page: 3641-3655
project:
- _id: '651'
grant_number: 03E16012F
name: 'FLEMING: FLEMING - Flexible Monitoring- und Regelsysteme für die Energie-
und Mobilitätswende im Verteilnetz durch Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz'
publication: IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0018-9391
- 1558-0040
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Predictive Maintenance on the Energy Distribution Grid—Design and Evaluation
of a Digital Industrial Platform in the Context of a Smart Service System
type: journal_article
user_id: '82872'
volume: 71
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '22218'
author:
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Krauter, Stefan
id: '28836'
last_name: Krauter
orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: Joachim
full_name: Böcker, Joachim
id: '66'
last_name: Böcker
orcid: 0000-0002-8480-7295
- first_name: Christine
full_name: Freitag, Christine
id: '20560'
last_name: Freitag
- first_name: Burkhard
full_name: Hehenkamp, Burkhard
id: '37339'
last_name: Hehenkamp
- first_name: Ulrich
full_name: Hilleringmann, Ulrich
id: '20179'
last_name: Hilleringmann
- first_name: Katrin
full_name: Temmen, Katrin
id: '30086'
last_name: Temmen
- first_name: Tobias
full_name: Klaus, Tobias
last_name: Klaus
- first_name: Nicolaus
full_name: Rohrer, Nicolaus
last_name: Rohrer
- first_name: Sven
full_name: Lehmann, Sven
last_name: Lehmann
citation:
ama: 'Krauter S, Böcker J, Freitag C, et al. Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und
stabile Microgrids in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für die
Entwicklung. In: Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021. Conexio;
2021:305-309.'
apa: 'Krauter, S., Böcker, J., Freitag, C., Hehenkamp, B., Hilleringmann, U., Temmen,
K., Klaus, T., Rohrer, N., & Lehmann, S. (2021). Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige
und stabile Microgrids in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für
die Entwicklung. Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021, 305–309.'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Böcker_Freitag_Hehenkamp_Hilleringmann_Temmen_Klaus_Rohrer_Lehmann_2021,
place={Pforzheim}, title={Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids
in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung}, booktitle={Tagungsband
des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021}, publisher={Conexio}, author={Krauter,
Stefan and Böcker, Joachim and Freitag, Christine and Hehenkamp, Burkhard and
Hilleringmann, Ulrich and Temmen, Katrin and Klaus, Tobias and Rohrer, Nicolaus
and Lehmann, Sven}, year={2021}, pages={305–309} }'
chicago: 'Krauter, Stefan, Joachim Böcker, Christine Freitag, Burkhard Hehenkamp,
Ulrich Hilleringmann, Katrin Temmen, Tobias Klaus, Nicolaus Rohrer, and Sven Lehmann.
“Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids in Afrika - eine Plattform
für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung.” In Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums,
18.-26 Mai 2021, 305–9. Pforzheim: Conexio, 2021.'
ieee: 'S. Krauter et al., “Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids
in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung,” in Tagungsband
des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021, Staffelstein / online, 2021, pp. 305–309.'
mla: 'Krauter, Stefan, et al. “Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids
in Afrika - eine Plattform für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung.” Tagungsband
des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021, Conexio, 2021, pp. 305–09.'
short: 'S. Krauter, J. Böcker, C. Freitag, B. Hehenkamp, U. Hilleringmann, K. Temmen,
T. Klaus, N. Rohrer, S. Lehmann, in: Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26
Mai 2021, Conexio, Pforzheim, 2021, pp. 305–309.'
conference:
end_date: 2021-05-26
location: Staffelstein / online
name: 36. PV-Symposium
start_date: 2021-05-18
date_created: 2021-05-20T09:58:43Z
date_updated: 2024-01-19T16:43:56Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '53'
- _id: '475'
- _id: '52'
- _id: '453'
- _id: '59'
- _id: '300'
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: krauter
date_created: 2022-01-06T11:49:19Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T11:49:19Z
file_id: '29170'
file_name: Staffelstein 2021 ART-D S.305-309.pdf
file_size: 5128404
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T11:49:19Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Art-D
- Afrika
- Resilienz
- Resilience
- Grid stability
- robustness
- microgrids
language:
- iso: ger
page: 305-309
place: Pforzheim
publication: Tagungsband des 36. PV-Symposiums, 18.-26 Mai 2021
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 978-3-948176-14-3
publication_status: published
publisher: Conexio
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Projekt Art-D Grids: Nachhaltige und stabile Microgrids in Afrika - eine Plattform
für Forschung und Lehre für die Entwicklung'
type: conference
user_id: '66'
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '19393'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "To provide a simple instrument to operate residential Load-Shifting or Demand-Side-Management
\r\nsystems, the measurement of the actual grid frequency seems to be an appropriate
method. Due to the present \r\ninflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling
capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of \r\nelectricity
generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation. While
the specific CO2-\r\nemission is decreasing then ‒ due to the increased share
of Renewables, the grid frequency is increasing (to a certain \r\nlimit). Using
the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and off certain loads (loads that
do not require power \r\npermanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers,
fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, \r\ninexpensive demand-side
management indicator to lower specific CO2‒emssions and costs (if a dynamic \r\nconsumption
tariff is available). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and
frequency data of the \r\nGerman grid of the year 2018 have been collected and
a the correlation between grid frequency, power surplus, share \r\nof renewables
vs. CO2-contents and price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated.
The results \r\nshow: Correlation between frequency and share of renewables is
quite low (r = 0.155) due to the fact that primary \r\ngrid control quickly compensates
deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. There is a good anti-correlation
(r = -\r\n0.687) between the EEX‒prices and the share of renewables in the grid.
Over the years, correlation between \r\nelectricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2
emissions is quite good (r =0.665), within the one year (2018) that \r\ncorrelation
almost doesn’t exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite power
plants that even operate at \r\nnegative prices. \r\n"
author:
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Krauter, Stefan
id: '28836'
last_name: Krauter
orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: L.
full_name: Zhang, L.
last_name: Zhang
citation:
ama: 'Krauter S, Zhang L. Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity
prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity
grid. In: Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
07 - 11 September 2020. ; 2020:1815-1817. doi:10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9'
apa: 'Krauter, S., & Zhang, L. (2020). Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation
of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in
the German electricity grid. Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 1815–1817. https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Zhang_2020, title={Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management:
Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency
in the German electricity grid.}, DOI={10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
07 - 11 September 2020.}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}, year={2020},
pages={1815–1817} }'
chicago: 'Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation
of Electricity Prices, Share of Renewables, CO2‒contents, and Grid‒frequency in
the German Electricity Grid.” In Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 1815–17, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9.'
ieee: 'S. Krauter and L. Zhang, “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation
of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in
the German electricity grid.,” in Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., online, 2020, pp. 1815–1817,
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9.'
mla: 'Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation
of Electricity Prices, Share of Renewables, CO2‒contents, and Grid‒frequency in
the German Electricity Grid.” Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 2020, pp. 1815–17, doi:10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9.'
short: 'S. Krauter, L. Zhang, in: Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic
Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 2020, pp. 1815–1817.'
conference:
end_date: 2020-09-11
location: online
name: 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
2020)
start_date: 2020-09-07
date_created: 2020-09-14T12:43:43Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T12:42:22Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: krauter
date_created: 2022-01-06T12:35:49Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T12:35:49Z
file_id: '29172'
file_name: Krauter Zhang - Triggering DSM - EUPVSEC 2020.pdf
file_size: 1309449
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T12:35:49Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- 'Keywords: Load-Shifting'
- Demand-Side-Management
- DSM
- grid frequency
- EEX
- electricity trading prices
- renewable share
- flexibility
- emissions
- CO2
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1815 - 1817
publication: Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
07 - 11 September 2020.
publication_identifier:
issn:
- "\t3-936338-73-6"
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: 'Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share
of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid.'
type: conference
user_id: '28836'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '19390'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Due to the strong reduction of PV prices, storage plays a dominating role
in overall system costs. A \r\nsteeper elevation angle would result in a more
balanced seasonal PV yield, at the cost of PV yield reductions during \r\nsummer,
but allowing reduced storage capacities. Additionally, the effect of a single-axis
tracking system has been \r\ninvestigated, generating more electricity during
the morning and evening hours, thus reducing daily storage \r\nrequirements. The
necessary PV size and storage capacities required for the German energy supply
(1,500 TWh after \r\nelectrification of all sectors) via 100% renewable energies
and a 50% solar share have been calculated via the \r\nHOMER Pro software, considering
the bridging of periods of \"dark lulls“ in winter, using costs of 2030 (Table
1). \r\nResults: The increase of module elevation angles above the typical 30°
leads to a reduction of investment and supply \r\ncosts. The optimum is reached
at a cost reduction of -1.5% for an elevation angle at the latitude of the installation
\r\nsite. An explanation is that high elevation angles are favorable for clear
winter days, but not at all for the critical days \r\nwith diffuse irradiance
only, so the battery capacity must be increased. For the same reason, tracking
systems do not \r\noffer any cost advantage (at least for the ones without an
option for horizontal positioning during diffuse days)."
author:
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Krauter, Stefan
id: '28836'
last_name: Krauter
orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: D.
full_name: Rustemovic, D.
last_name: Rustemovic
- first_name: Arash
full_name: Khatibi, Arash
id: '43538'
last_name: Khatibi
citation:
ama: 'Krauter S, Rustemovic D, Khatibi A. Reduction of required storage capacities
for a 100% renewable energy supply in Germany, if new PV systems are installed
with east-west tracking systems at increased elevation angles. In: Proceedings
of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.
; 2020:1818-1819. doi:10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.10'
apa: Krauter, S., Rustemovic, D., & Khatibi, A. (2020). Reduction of required
storage capacities for a 100% renewable energy supply in Germany, if new PV systems
are installed with east-west tracking systems at increased elevation angles. Proceedings
of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020,
1818–1819. https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.10
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Rustemovic_Khatibi_2020, title={Reduction of required
storage capacities for a 100% renewable energy supply in Germany, if new PV systems
are installed with east-west tracking systems at increased elevation angles},
DOI={10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.10},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
07 - 11 September 2020}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Rustemovic, D. and Khatibi,
Arash}, year={2020}, pages={1818–1819} }'
chicago: Krauter, Stefan, D. Rustemovic, and Arash Khatibi. “Reduction of Required
Storage Capacities for a 100% Renewable Energy Supply in Germany, If New PV Systems
Are Installed with East-West Tracking Systems at Increased Elevation Angles.”
In Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07
- 11 September 2020, 1818–19, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.10.
ieee: 'S. Krauter, D. Rustemovic, and A. Khatibi, “Reduction of required storage
capacities for a 100% renewable energy supply in Germany, if new PV systems are
installed with east-west tracking systems at increased elevation angles,” in Proceedings
of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020,
online, 2020, pp. 1818–1819, doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.10.'
mla: Krauter, Stefan, et al. “Reduction of Required Storage Capacities for a 100%
Renewable Energy Supply in Germany, If New PV Systems Are Installed with East-West
Tracking Systems at Increased Elevation Angles.” Proceedings of the 37th European
Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020, 2020, pp. 1818–19,
doi:10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.10.
short: 'S. Krauter, D. Rustemovic, A. Khatibi, in: Proceedings of the 37th European
Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020, 2020, pp. 1818–1819.'
conference:
end_date: 2020-09-11
location: online
name: 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC
2020)
start_date: 2020-09-07
date_created: 2020-09-14T12:42:30Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:43:51Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.10
file:
- access_level: closed
content_type: application/pdf
creator: krauter
date_created: 2022-01-06T13:41:20Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:41:20Z
file_id: '29178'
file_name: Krauter Rustemovic Khatibi - Elevated Angle - EUPVSEC 2020.pdf
file_size: 428312
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:41:20Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Energy Storage
- PV system integration
- Large Grid-connected PV systems
- Simulation
- Energy Supply Options
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1818 - 1819
publication: Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
07 - 11 September 2020
publication_identifier:
isbn:
- 3-936338-73-6
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Reduction of required storage capacities for a 100% renewable energy supply
in Germany, if new PV systems are installed with east-west tracking systems at increased
elevation angles
type: conference
user_id: '28836'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '19383'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Due to the present inflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities
of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of electricity generation occurs
during periods of high wind and solar power generation in the German electricity
grid. While the specific CO2-emission is decreasing then - due to the increased
share of Renewables, the grid frequency should be increasing (to a certain limit).
Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and -off certain loads (loads
that do not require power permanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers,
fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, inexpensive demand-side-management
indicator to lower specific CO2-emissions and costs (if a dynamic consumption
tariff is applied). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and
frequency data of the German grid of the year 2018 have been collected and the
correlations between grid frequency, share of renewables, CO2-contents, and actual
price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results
show: Correlation between grid frequency and the share of renewables is quite
low (r=0.155) due to the fact that primary grid control quickly compensates deviations
from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. As expected, there is a good anti-correlation
(r=-0.687) between the EEX-prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over
the years, correlation between electricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions
is quite good (r=0.665), within the one year (2018) that correlation almost doesn''t
exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite baseload power plants
that even operate at negative prices.'
author:
- first_name: Stefan
full_name: Krauter, Stefan
id: '28836'
last_name: Krauter
orcid: 0000-0002-3594-260X
- first_name: L.
full_name: Zhang, L.
last_name: Zhang
citation:
ama: 'Krauter S, Zhang L. Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity prices, share
of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable inexpensive
triggering of Demand-Side-Management. In: IEEE, ed. Proceedings of the 47th
IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020. ; 2020:1672-1674.
doi:10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487'
apa: Krauter, S., & Zhang, L. (2020). Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity
prices, share of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable
inexpensive triggering of Demand-Side-Management. In IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings
of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020 (pp. 1672–1674).
https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Krauter_Zhang_2020, title={Correlation of grid-frequency,
electricity prices, share of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity
grid to enable inexpensive triggering of Demand-Side-Management}, DOI={10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC
47) 2020}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}, editor={IEEE}, year={2020},
pages={1672–1674} }'
chicago: Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Correlation of Grid-Frequency, Electricity
Prices, Share of Renewables and CO2-Contents of German Electricity Grid to Enable
Inexpensive Triggering of Demand-Side-Management.” In Proceedings of the 47th
IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020, edited by IEEE, 1672–74,
2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487.
ieee: 'S. Krauter and L. Zhang, “Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity prices,
share of Renewables and CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable inexpensive
triggering of Demand-Side-Management,” in Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic
Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020, online, 2020, pp. 1672–1674, doi: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487.'
mla: Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Correlation of Grid-Frequency, Electricity
Prices, Share of Renewables and CO2-Contents of German Electricity Grid to Enable
Inexpensive Triggering of Demand-Side-Management.” Proceedings of the 47th
IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020, edited by IEEE, 2020,
pp. 1672–74, doi:10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487.
short: 'S. Krauter, L. Zhang, in: IEEE (Ed.), Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic
Specialists Conference (PVSC 47) 2020, 2020, pp. 1672–1674.'
conference:
end_date: 2020-06-21
location: online
name: 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 47)
start_date: 2020-06-15
corporate_editor:
- IEEE
date_created: 2020-09-14T12:39:41Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T13:52:16Z
department:
- _id: '53'
doi: 10.1109/PVSC45281.2020.9300487
keyword:
- CO2
- EEX
- Grid frequency
- DSM
- electricity price
- Renewable share
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9300487
page: 1672-1674
publication: Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC
47) 2020
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Correlation of grid-frequency, electricity prices, share of Renewables and
CO2-contents of German electricity grid to enable inexpensive triggering of Demand-Side-Management
type: conference
user_id: '28836'
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '12952'
author:
- first_name: Dmitrij
full_name: Dreiling, Dmitrij
id: '32616'
last_name: Dreiling
- first_name: Nadine
full_name: Feldmann, Nadine
id: '23082'
last_name: Feldmann
- first_name: Bernd
full_name: Henning, Bernd
id: '213'
last_name: Henning
citation:
ama: 'Dreiling D, Feldmann N, Henning B. A DC bias approach to the characterisation
of non-linear material parameters of piezoelectric ceramics. In: AMA Service GmbH;
2019. doi:10.5162/sensoren2019/5.1.2'
apa: Dreiling, D., Feldmann, N., & Henning, B. (2019). A DC bias approach
to the characterisation of non-linear material parameters of piezoelectric ceramics.
20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019, Nürnberg. https://doi.org/10.5162/sensoren2019/5.1.2
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Dreiling_Feldmann_Henning_2019, title={A DC bias approach
to the characterisation of non-linear material parameters of piezoelectric ceramics},
DOI={10.5162/sensoren2019/5.1.2},
publisher={AMA Service GmbH}, author={Dreiling, Dmitrij and Feldmann, Nadine and
Henning, Bernd}, year={2019} }'
chicago: Dreiling, Dmitrij, Nadine Feldmann, and Bernd Henning. “A DC Bias Approach
to the Characterisation of Non-Linear Material Parameters of Piezoelectric Ceramics.”
AMA Service GmbH, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5162/sensoren2019/5.1.2.
ieee: 'D. Dreiling, N. Feldmann, and B. Henning, “A DC bias approach to the characterisation
of non-linear material parameters of piezoelectric ceramics,” presented at the
20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019, Nürnberg, 2019, doi: 10.5162/sensoren2019/5.1.2.'
mla: Dreiling, Dmitrij, et al. A DC Bias Approach to the Characterisation of
Non-Linear Material Parameters of Piezoelectric Ceramics. AMA Service GmbH,
2019, doi:10.5162/sensoren2019/5.1.2.
short: 'D. Dreiling, N. Feldmann, B. Henning, in: AMA Service GmbH, 2019.'
conference:
end_date: 2019-06-26
location: Nürnberg
name: 20. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2019
start_date: 2019-06-25
date_created: 2019-08-23T11:02:31Z
date_updated: 2026-01-05T08:28:49Z
department:
- _id: '49'
doi: 10.5162/sensoren2019/5.1.2
keyword:
- piezoelectric materials
- piezoelectric properties
- DC bias field
- non-linear material parameters
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.ama-science.org/proceedings/getFile/ZmDmAN
oa: '1'
project:
- _id: '90'
name: Ein modellbasiertes Messverfahren zur Charakterisierung der frequenzabhängigen
Materialeigenschaften von Piezokeramiken unter Verwendung eines einzelnen Probekörperindividuums
- _id: '245'
name: 'FOR 5208: Modellbasierte Bestimmung nichtlinearer Eigenschaften von Piezokeramiken
für Leistungsschallanwendungen (NEPTUN)'
publisher: AMA Service GmbH
status: public
title: A DC bias approach to the characterisation of non-linear material parameters
of piezoelectric ceramics
type: conference
user_id: '32616'
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '1998'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Nearly all existing HPC systems are operated by resource management systems
based on the queuing approach. With the increasing acceptance of grid middleware
like Globus, new requirements for the underlying local resource management systems
arise. Features like advanced reservation or quality of service are needed to
implement high level functions like co-allocation. However it is difficult to
realize these features with a resource management system based on the queuing
concept since it considers only the present resource usage.\r\n\r\nIn this paper
we present an approach which closes this gap. By assigning start times to each
resource request, a complete schedule is planned. Advanced reservations are now
easily possible. Based on this planning approach functions like diffuse requests,
automatic duration extension, or service level agreements are described. We think
they are useful to increase the usability, acceptance and performance of HPC machines.
In the second part of this paper we present a planning based resource management
system which already covers some of the mentioned features."
author:
- first_name: Matthias
full_name: Hovestadt, Matthias
last_name: Hovestadt
- first_name: Odej
full_name: Kao, Odej
last_name: Kao
- first_name: Axel
full_name: Keller, Axel
id: '15274'
last_name: Keller
- first_name: Achim
full_name: Streit, Achim
last_name: Streit
citation:
ama: 'Hovestadt M, Kao O, Keller A, Streit A. Scheduling in HPC Resource Management
Systems: Queuing vs. Planning. In: Proc. Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies
for Parallel Processing (JSSPP). Vol 2862. Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
Berlin / Heidelberg; 2003:1-20. doi:10.1007/10968987_1'
apa: 'Hovestadt, M., Kao, O., Keller, A., & Streit, A. (2003). Scheduling in
HPC Resource Management Systems: Queuing vs. Planning. In Proc. Workshop on
Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing (JSSPP) (Vol. 2862, pp.
1–20). Berlin / Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/10968987_1'
bibtex: '@inproceedings{Hovestadt_Kao_Keller_Streit_2003, place={Berlin / Heidelberg},
series={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, title={Scheduling in HPC Resource
Management Systems: Queuing vs. Planning}, volume={2862}, DOI={10.1007/10968987_1},
booktitle={Proc. Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
(JSSPP)}, author={Hovestadt, Matthias and Kao, Odej and Keller, Axel and Streit,
Achim}, year={2003}, pages={1–20}, collection={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}
}'
chicago: 'Hovestadt, Matthias, Odej Kao, Axel Keller, and Achim Streit. “Scheduling
in HPC Resource Management Systems: Queuing vs. Planning.” In Proc. Workshop
on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing (JSSPP), 2862:1–20. Lecture
Notes in Computer Science. Berlin / Heidelberg, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/10968987_1.'
ieee: 'M. Hovestadt, O. Kao, A. Keller, and A. Streit, “Scheduling in HPC Resource
Management Systems: Queuing vs. Planning,” in Proc. Workshop on Job Scheduling
Strategies for Parallel Processing (JSSPP), 2003, vol. 2862, pp. 1–20.'
mla: 'Hovestadt, Matthias, et al. “Scheduling in HPC Resource Management Systems:
Queuing vs. Planning.” Proc. Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel
Processing (JSSPP), vol. 2862, 2003, pp. 1–20, doi:10.1007/10968987_1.'
short: 'M. Hovestadt, O. Kao, A. Keller, A. Streit, in: Proc. Workshop on Job Scheduling
Strategies for Parallel Processing (JSSPP), Berlin / Heidelberg, 2003, pp. 1–20.'
date_created: 2018-03-29T11:37:24Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:54:17Z
department:
- _id: '27'
doi: 10.1007/10968987_1
intvolume: ' 2862'
keyword:
- High Performance Computing
- Service Level Agreement
- Grid Resource
- Resource Management System
- Advance Reservation
language:
- iso: eng
page: 1-20
place: Berlin / Heidelberg
publication: Proc. Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing (JSSPP)
publication_status: published
series_title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
status: public
title: 'Scheduling in HPC Resource Management Systems: Queuing vs. Planning'
type: conference
user_id: '15274'
volume: 2862
year: '2003'
...