[{"citation":{"ieee":"K. Henne, H. C. Rahlf, M. Naumann, and H. Meschede, “Towards Stakeholder-Aware Demand-Side management assessment in heterogeneous residential Microgrids: A Multi-Agent approach,” <i>Energy Conversion and Management: X</i>, vol. 31, p. 102030, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030</a>.","apa":"Henne, K., Rahlf, H. C., Naumann, M., &#38; Meschede, H. (2026). Towards Stakeholder-Aware Demand-Side management assessment in heterogeneous residential Microgrids: A Multi-Agent approach. <i>Energy Conversion and Management: X</i>, <i>31</i>, 102030. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030</a>","chicago":"Henne, Kevin, Henning Christoph Rahlf, Marius Naumann, and Henning Meschede. “Towards Stakeholder-Aware Demand-Side Management Assessment in Heterogeneous Residential Microgrids: A Multi-Agent Approach.” <i>Energy Conversion and Management: X</i> 31 (2026): 102030. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030</a>.","short":"K. Henne, H.C. Rahlf, M. Naumann, H. Meschede, Energy Conversion and Management: X 31 (2026) 102030.","mla":"Henne, Kevin, et al. “Towards Stakeholder-Aware Demand-Side Management Assessment in Heterogeneous Residential Microgrids: A Multi-Agent Approach.” <i>Energy Conversion and Management: X</i>, vol. 31, Elsevier, 2026, p. 102030, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Henne_Rahlf_Naumann_Meschede_2026, title={Towards Stakeholder-Aware Demand-Side management assessment in heterogeneous residential Microgrids: A Multi-Agent approach}, volume={31}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030</a>}, journal={Energy Conversion and Management: X}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Henne, Kevin and Rahlf, Henning Christoph and Naumann, Marius and Meschede, Henning}, year={2026}, pages={102030} }","ama":"Henne K, Rahlf HC, Naumann M, Meschede H. Towards Stakeholder-Aware Demand-Side management assessment in heterogeneous residential Microgrids: A Multi-Agent approach. <i>Energy Conversion and Management: X</i>. 2026;31:102030. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030</a>"},"page":"102030","_id":"66001","publisher":"Elsevier","user_id":"56918","volume":31,"status":"public","conference":{"end_date":"2025-10-10","start_date":"2025-10-05","name":"20th SDEWES conference","location":"Dubrovnik"},"has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2026-06-19T12:27:48Z","keyword":["Microgrid","Decentralised Energy Systems","Multi-Agent System","Residential Demand-Side Management","Optimisation"],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"644"}],"publication":"Energy Conversion and Management: X","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Expanding renewable energy sources is essential for a sustainable energy supply but challenges grid stability, as the volatility of solar and wind causes periods of over- and undersupply. Private households are central to this transition, combining dynamic consumption with decentralised generation. This paper presents a multi-agent microgrid simulation built on the Mesa framework, focusing on the heterogeneous objectives and technological capabilities of residential participants. Households are modelled as autonomous agents with individual strategies, while a dedicated “grid agent” represents the distribution system operator and regulates the microgrid in a grid-supportive manner. The emission factor serves as the key indicator for grid-friendly behaviour. Results show that in summer, unmanaged PV feed-in from heterogeneous households causes substantial grid stress and balancing effort for the distribution system operator. Dynamic electricity prices can incentivise grid-friendly dispatch, but their effectiveness depends on the correlation between price signals and renewable availability and cannot guarantee grid-supportive behaviour alone. The grid agent reliably improves the grid-supportive coefficient, yet its operating strategy, for instance additional peak-reduction objectives, can interfere with price-based incentives. Effective demand-side management therefore requires careful analysis of stakeholder interactions. Building on this insight, thepaper provides a basic framework for the design, implementation, and assessment of both integrated and individual energy management strategies within a microgrid environment. By simulating the dynamic interactions among system participants and strategies, it enables comprehensive evaluation of their collective impact on the grid, supporting the development of robust solutions for future electricity networks."}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102030","title":"Towards Stakeholder-Aware Demand-Side management assessment in heterogeneous residential Microgrids: A Multi-Agent approach","year":"2026","author":[{"id":"56918","first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Henne","full_name":"Henne, Kevin"},{"id":"56955","last_name":"Rahlf","orcid":"0009-0006-8106-2132","first_name":"Henning Christoph","full_name":"Rahlf, Henning Christoph"},{"full_name":"Naumann, Marius","last_name":"Naumann","first_name":"Marius","id":"94950"},{"full_name":"Meschede, Henning","last_name":"Meschede","first_name":"Henning","orcid":"0000-0002-1538-089X","id":"86954"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2590-1745"]},"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-06-19T12:41:33Z","intvolume":"        31"},{"quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2022-01-06T13:11:59Z","citation":{"chicago":"Kakande, Josephine Nakato, Godiana Hagile Philipo, and Stefan Krauter. “Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures.” In <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 1505–10, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>.","short":"J.N. Kakande, G.H. Philipo, S. Krauter, in: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021), 2021, pp. 1505–1510.","ieee":"J. N. Kakande, G. H. Philipo, and S. Krauter, “Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures,” in <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 1505–1510, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>.","apa":"Kakande, J. N., Philipo, G. H., &#38; Krauter, S. (2021). Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures. <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 1505–1510. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kakande_Philipo_Krauter_2021, title={Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)}, author={Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Philipo, Godiana Hagile and Krauter, Stefan}, year={2021}, pages={1505–1510} }","ama":"Kakande JN, Philipo GH, Krauter S. Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures. In: <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>. ; 2021:1505-1510. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>","mla":"Kakande, Josephine Nakato, et al. “Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures.” <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 1505–10, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>."},"has_accepted_license":"1","status":"public","conference":{"end_date":"2021-09-10","name":"38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)","start_date":"2021-09-06"},"ddc":["620"],"user_id":"16148","page":"1505-1510","_id":"24540","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"With its growing population and industrialization, DREs, and solar technologies in particular, provide a \r\nsustainable means of bridging the current energy deficit in Africa, increasing supply reliability and meeting future \r\ndemand. Data acquisition and data management systems allow real time monitoring and control of energy systems as \r\nwell as performance analysis. However commercial data acquisition systems often have cost implications that are \r\nprohibitive for small PV systems and installations in developing countries.\r\nIn this paper, a multi-user, multi-purpose microgrid database system is designed and implemented. MAVOWATT \r\n270 power quality analyzers by GOSSEN METRAWATT, raspberry pi modules and sensors are used for measuring, \r\nrecording and storing electrical and meteorological data in East Africa. Socio-economic data is also stored in the\r\ndatabase. The designed system employs open source software and hardware solutions which are best suited to \r\ndeveloping regions like East Africa due to the lower cost implications.\r\nThe expected results promise a comprehensive database covering different electro-technical and socio-economic \r\nparameters useful for optimal design of microgrid systems."}],"publication":"Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)","keyword":["Art-D","Afrika","Demand side management","MySQL","Raspberry pi","Data acquisition"],"type":"conference","department":[{"_id":"53"}],"file":[{"creator":"krauter","date_created":"2022-01-06T13:11:59Z","access_level":"closed","file_size":1343406,"file_name":"Kakande Philipo Krauter - Load Data Aquisition ART-D - EUPVSEC 2021.pdf","date_updated":"2022-01-06T13:11:59Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"29174"}],"date_created":"2021-09-16T05:52:50Z","date_updated":"2024-10-17T08:45:50Z","publication_status":"published","title":"Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures","year":"2021","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["3-936338-78-7"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Kakande, Josephine Nakato","first_name":"Josephine Nakato","last_name":"Kakande","id":"88649"},{"id":"88505","first_name":"Godiana Hagile","last_name":"Philipo","full_name":"Philipo, Godiana Hagile"},{"id":"28836","orcid":"0000-0002-3594-260X","last_name":"Krauter","first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Krauter, Stefan"}],"doi":"10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"has_accepted_license":"1","conference":{"end_date":"2020-09-11","location":"online","name":"37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2020)","start_date":"2020-09-07"},"status":"public","user_id":"28836","ddc":["620"],"_id":"19393","page":"1815 - 1817","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ieee":"S. Krauter and L. Zhang, “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid.,” in <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i>, online, 2020, pp. 1815–1817, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>.","apa":"Krauter, S., &#38; Zhang, L. (2020). Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid. <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i>, 1815–1817. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>","chicago":"Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of Electricity Prices, Share of Renewables, CO2‒contents, and Grid‒frequency in the German Electricity Grid.” In <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i>, 1815–17, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>.","short":"S. Krauter, L. Zhang, in: Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 2020, pp. 1815–1817.","mla":"Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of Electricity Prices, Share of Renewables, CO2‒contents, and Grid‒frequency in the German Electricity Grid.” <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i>, 2020, pp. 1815–17, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Krauter_Zhang_2020, title={Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid.}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}, year={2020}, pages={1815–1817} }","ama":"Krauter S, Zhang L. Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid. In: <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i> ; 2020:1815-1817. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>"},"file_date_updated":"2022-01-06T12:35:49Z","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2022-01-06T12:42:22Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["\t3-936338-73-6"]},"author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-3594-260X","first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Krauter","full_name":"Krauter, Stefan","id":"28836"},{"full_name":"Zhang, L.","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"L."}],"year":"2020","title":"Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid.","doi":"10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"To provide a simple instrument to operate residential Load-Shifting or Demand-Side-Management \r\nsystems, the measurement of the actual grid frequency seems to be an appropriate method. Due to the present \r\ninflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of \r\nelectricity generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation. While the specific CO2-\r\nemission is decreasing then ‒ due to the increased share of Renewables, the grid frequency is increasing (to a certain \r\nlimit). Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and off certain loads (loads that do not require power \r\npermanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, \r\ninexpensive demand-side management indicator to lower specific CO2‒emssions and costs (if a dynamic \r\nconsumption tariff is available). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and frequency data of the \r\nGerman grid of the year 2018 have been collected and a the correlation between grid frequency, power surplus, share \r\nof renewables vs. CO2-contents and price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results \r\nshow: Correlation between frequency and share of renewables is quite low (r = 0.155) due to the fact that primary \r\ngrid control quickly compensates deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. There is a good anti-correlation (r = -\r\n0.687) between the EEX‒prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over the years, correlation between \r\nelectricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions is quite good (r =0.665), within the one year (2018) that \r\ncorrelation almost doesn’t exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite power plants that even operate at \r\nnegative prices. \r\n"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.","department":[{"_id":"53"}],"type":"conference","keyword":["Keywords: Load-Shifting","Demand-Side-Management","DSM","grid frequency","EEX","electricity trading prices","renewable share","flexibility","emissions","CO2"],"date_created":"2020-09-14T12:43:43Z","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_id":"29172","date_updated":"2022-01-06T12:35:49Z","relation":"main_file","access_level":"closed","file_size":1309449,"file_name":"Krauter Zhang - Triggering DSM - EUPVSEC 2020.pdf","date_created":"2022-01-06T12:35:49Z","creator":"krauter"}]}]