[{"type":"conference","publication":"Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2022-01-06T13:11:59Z","date_created":"2022-01-06T13:11:59Z","creator":"krauter","file_size":1343406,"access_level":"closed","file_name":"Kakande Philipo Krauter - Load Data Aquisition ART-D - EUPVSEC 2021.pdf","file_id":"29174"}],"status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"With its growing population and industrialization, DREs, and solar technologies in particular, provide a \r\nsustainable means of bridging the current energy deficit in Africa, increasing supply reliability and meeting future \r\ndemand. Data acquisition and data management systems allow real time monitoring and control of energy systems as \r\nwell as performance analysis. However commercial data acquisition systems often have cost implications that are \r\nprohibitive for small PV systems and installations in developing countries.\r\nIn this paper, a multi-user, multi-purpose microgrid database system is designed and implemented. MAVOWATT \r\n270 power quality analyzers by GOSSEN METRAWATT, raspberry pi modules and sensors are used for measuring, \r\nrecording and storing electrical and meteorological data in East Africa. Socio-economic data is also stored in the\r\ndatabase. The designed system employs open source software and hardware solutions which are best suited to \r\ndeveloping regions like East Africa due to the lower cost implications.\r\nThe expected results promise a comprehensive database covering different electro-technical and socio-economic \r\nparameters useful for optimal design of microgrid systems."}],"user_id":"16148","department":[{"_id":"53"}],"_id":"24540","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2022-01-06T13:11:59Z","ddc":["620"],"keyword":["Art-D","Afrika","Demand side management","MySQL","Raspberry pi","Data acquisition"],"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["3-936338-78-7"]},"citation":{"chicago":"Kakande, Josephine Nakato, Godiana Hagile Philipo, and Stefan Krauter. “Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures.” In <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 1505–10, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>.","ieee":"J. N. Kakande, G. H. Philipo, and S. Krauter, “Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures,” in <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 1505–1510, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>.","ama":"Kakande JN, Philipo GH, Krauter S. Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures. In: <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>. ; 2021:1505-1510. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>","mla":"Kakande, Josephine Nakato, et al. “Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures.” <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 2021, pp. 1505–10, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>.","short":"J.N. Kakande, G.H. Philipo, S. Krauter, in: Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021), 2021, pp. 1505–1510.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Kakande_Philipo_Krauter_2021, title={Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)}, author={Kakande, Josephine Nakato and Philipo, Godiana Hagile and Krauter, Stefan}, year={2021}, pages={1505–1510} }","apa":"Kakande, J. N., Philipo, G. H., &#38; Krauter, S. (2021). Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures. <i>Proceedings of the 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)</i>, 1505–1510. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38\">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38</a>"},"page":"1505-1510","year":"2021","date_created":"2021-09-16T05:52:50Z","author":[{"last_name":"Kakande","id":"88649","full_name":"Kakande, Josephine Nakato","first_name":"Josephine Nakato"},{"first_name":"Godiana Hagile","id":"88505","full_name":"Philipo, Godiana Hagile","last_name":"Philipo"},{"first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0002-3594-260X","last_name":"Krauter","id":"28836","full_name":"Krauter, Stefan"}],"date_updated":"2024-10-17T08:45:50Z","conference":{"end_date":"2021-09-10","name":"38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2021)","start_date":"2021-09-06"},"doi":"10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-6BV.5.38","title":"Load Data Acquisition in Rural East Africa for the Layout of Microgrids and Demand–Side–Management Measures"},{"citation":{"ieee":"S. Krauter and L. Zhang, “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid.,” in <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i>, online, 2020, pp. 1815–1817, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>.","chicago":"Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of Electricity Prices, Share of Renewables, CO2‒contents, and Grid‒frequency in the German Electricity Grid.” In <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i>, 1815–17, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>.","ama":"Krauter S, Zhang L. Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid. In: <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i> ; 2020:1815-1817. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>","mla":"Krauter, Stefan, and L. Zhang. “Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of Electricity Prices, Share of Renewables, CO2‒contents, and Grid‒frequency in the German Electricity Grid.” <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i>, 2020, pp. 1815–17, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>.","bibtex":"@inproceedings{Krauter_Zhang_2020, title={Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid.}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.}, author={Krauter, Stefan and Zhang, L.}, year={2020}, pages={1815–1817} }","short":"S. Krauter, L. Zhang, in: Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020., 2020, pp. 1815–1817.","apa":"Krauter, S., &#38; Zhang, L. (2020). Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid. <i>Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.</i>, 1815–1817. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9\">https://doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9</a>"},"page":"1815 - 1817","publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["\t3-936338-73-6"]},"doi":"10.4229/EUPVSEC20202020-6BV.5.9","conference":{"name":"37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC 2020)","start_date":"2020-09-07","end_date":"2020-09-11","location":"online"},"author":[{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Krauter, Stefan","id":"28836","last_name":"Krauter","orcid":"0000-0002-3594-260X"},{"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, L."}],"date_updated":"2022-01-06T12:42:22Z","status":"public","type":"conference","file_date_updated":"2022-01-06T12:35:49Z","user_id":"28836","department":[{"_id":"53"}],"_id":"19393","year":"2020","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Triggering Demand‒Side‒Management: Correlation of electricity prices, share of renewables, CO2‒contents, and grid‒frequency in the German electricity grid.","date_created":"2020-09-14T12:43:43Z","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1,"creator":"krauter","date_created":"2022-01-06T12:35:49Z","date_updated":"2022-01-06T12:35:49Z","file_name":"Krauter Zhang - Triggering DSM - EUPVSEC 2020.pdf","file_id":"29172","access_level":"closed","file_size":1309449}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"To provide a simple instrument to operate residential Load-Shifting or Demand-Side-Management \r\nsystems, the measurement of the actual grid frequency seems to be an appropriate method. Due to the present \r\ninflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities of lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of \r\nelectricity generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation. While the specific CO2-\r\nemission is decreasing then ‒ due to the increased share of Renewables, the grid frequency is increasing (to a certain \r\nlimit). Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and off certain loads (loads that do not require power \r\npermanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, \r\ninexpensive demand-side management indicator to lower specific CO2‒emssions and costs (if a dynamic \r\nconsumption tariff is available). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and frequency data of the \r\nGerman grid of the year 2018 have been collected and a the correlation between grid frequency, power surplus, share \r\nof renewables vs. CO2-contents and price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results \r\nshow: Correlation between frequency and share of renewables is quite low (r = 0.155) due to the fact that primary \r\ngrid control quickly compensates deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. There is a good anti-correlation (r = -\r\n0.687) between the EEX‒prices and the share of renewables in the grid. Over the years, correlation between \r\nelectricity trading prices (EEX) and CO2 emissions is quite good (r =0.665), within the one year (2018) that \r\ncorrelation almost doesn’t exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite power plants that even operate at \r\nnegative prices. \r\n"}],"publication":"Proceedings of the 37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 07 - 11 September 2020.","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["620"],"keyword":["Keywords: Load-Shifting","Demand-Side-Management","DSM","grid frequency","EEX","electricity trading prices","renewable share","flexibility","emissions","CO2"]}]